project its

7/26/2019 Project ITS

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Department of Civil Engineering \ Transportation

Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment

The National University of Malaysia

Semester II - Session 2015/2016

KKKA6424

Urban Traffic Management System

Final ProjectPropose a suitable Intelligent Transport System

For KARADA City in Baghdad

Done By

AMEER ABDUL ADHEEM HUSSIEN (P81466)

ALLA JABER ESSA ALNAJI (P81573)

ABDULLAH HAYAL KHALAF (P81460)

Lecturer

PROF. DATO' IR. DR RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH BIN O.K. RAHMAT

Dr. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN



2

Table of Contents

Contents Page

1- Introduction ………………………………………………………...... 3

2- Problem Statement …………………………………………………. 3

3- Objectives of Study …………………………………………………. 4

4- Area of Study …………………………………………….……….…. 4

5- Literature Review ……………………………………………………. 8

6- Components Of ITS …………………………………………………. 9

6- 1. Overal architecture of the system ……………………..……. 11

6- 2. Traffic Control system …………………………………..……. 12

6- 3. Smart Surveillance System ……………………….…………. 15

6- 4. Variable massage system (VMS) …………...………………. 18

6- 5. Public Transport Management System ………..…………… 21

6- 6. Communication System ………………………………...……. 23

7- Study methodology …………………………………………………. 25

8- Estimation Cost ………………………………………..……………. 34

9- Conclusion ………………………………………………..…………. 35



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1- Introduction:

The world is urbanizing rapidly, and population densities are increasing.

An United Nation reports estimate approximately 70 percentage from the

world’s population will live in cities in (2050) This growth is expanding

demands on urban infrastructures of all kinds , world cities reveals that

although cities face unique transportation challenges, their leaders share

a number of common ambitions. Most strive for green environment, less

congested cities and improved traffic flow , However, the constraints of

tight capital budgets are driving an increased focus on the need to better

manage transport demand and supply through deploying intelligent

transport systems (ITS)The majority of cities are at an early stage in

understanding and realizing the full potential of ITS .

2- Problem Statement:

The traffic at the intersection during peak hours is regularly and very

crowded as results to the huge number of cars reaching the carrying

capacity of the road. Long queues at the intersections are another

problem facing traffic stream , as well as the overtaking on the traffic

light signals , Exceeded the speed limit , The spread of crime in some

roads, All of these requires need to development of an integrated

intelligent system to control and monitor Those offenses and traffic jams

and reduce them.



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3- Objectives of Study:

1- To upgrade current situation of traffic flow.

2- To ensure the safety of the traffic users.

3- To propose mechanism of action during incident/breakdown.

4- To give real time information to the users.

4- Area of Study:

KARADA city is the area of Baghdad is located on the eastern side of

the Tigris River, Its area about (16.8 Km²), and a population about

250,000 people, KARADA is considered one of the most commercial

areas in Baghdad, as well as there are two main Universities in Iraq in

this area are (Baghdad University) & the (University of Nahrain), this

area suffer from the traffic congestion and traffic violations in peak hours

and normal times also.

In this study we will choose four intersections (2 is four leg intersection &

2 roundabouts) as an example of our study to propose a suitable

Intelligent Transport System deployment.



5

The picture explains our study area & the intersections witch we choose them.



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Some Pictures of our Study area:

Baghdad University Intersection

ALHURIA Roundabout



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ALMASBAH Intersection

University of Baghdad



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5- Literature Review:

ITS stands for Intelligent Transportation Systems. ITS is a national program

aimed at using modern computers and communications to make travel

smarter, faster, safer and more convenient.

Here are a few of the ways ITS helps:

Intelligent traffic control systems help us by reducing the time we

spend stopped at red lights or waiting on freeways when an accident

occurs.

Traveler information systems help us by giving us current, multi-

modal information on travel conditions allowing us to make smarter

choices about how, when and where to travel.

Advanced transit systems help transit agencies operate more

efficiently and provide travelers with real time information that makes

using transit easier and more attractive.

Intelligent commercial vehicle systems will help commercial vehicle

operator’s process the paperwork associated with moving goods.

These systems will also help public agencies improve safety by

inspecting the vehicles that need it the most.



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6- Components Of ITS:

Our proposal must include:

1. Overall architecture of the system.

2. Traffic Control system.

3. Smart surveillance system.

4. Variable massage system (VMS).

5. Public Transport Management system.

6. Communication system.

VMS

Speed Camera Traffic Light



01

Proposed Urban Traffic Management System:

The development of the proposal is still at an early stage, but specific areas

that are being considered for inclusion include improved the coordination of all

network management areas will help to carry out the highway authority by the

Traffic Management, for example, enabling a quicker response to incidents on

the network, thereby reducing delays to both car travelers and public transport

users alike.

This will include improving the way the following systems work together :

Traffic signals.

Improved coordination of road works, special events.

New traffic information message signs.

Out of hours cover and emergency response to highways incidents.



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6- 1. Overal architecture of the system:

(ITS) Architecture provides a common framework for planning,

defining and integrating intelligent transportation systems. It was

developed through broad participation from transportation

practitioners, systems engineers, system developers, technology

specialists, consultants, etc. over the last ten years. The architecture

defines:

The functions that are required for (ITS), (i.e. collection of traffic

information).

The physical entities or subsystems where these functions reside,

(i.e. the roadside or the vehicle).

The information flows and data flows that connect these functions

and physical subsystems together into an integrated system.



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6- 2. Traffic Control system:

In crowded cities, it is difficult to implement a normal traffic control

system, because of the variation of flow of roads vehicles during

different period of time, many parameters must be considered to

develop a certain traffic control system.

Major activities in our study area includes equipping non signalized

intersections with the appropriate types of signals and developing

Intelligent Intersections Network centrally managed and coordinated

by integrated management system.

In our study area we will use Scats as a system for the traffic control.

Scats (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System):

It is a fully adaptive urban traffic control system that optimizes traffic

flow, as well as self-calibrating software minimizes manual

intervention, which can result in substantial operational cost savings.

Why choose scats in our study area:

SCATS has been continually developed for over 40 years and sold to

27 countries, delivering real and measurable reductions in road travel

times and delays.

(KARADA) city currently need to this system to reduce congestion

also, to increase the overall system efficiency.



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These subsystems are defined as:

The main control subsystem, which is responsible of the original

traffic control including traffic period for each section of traffic

lights.

Intelligent sensors subsystem, which is responsible to give

priority to the emergency vehicles passing through the interring

roads to the intersection .

To use SCATS we need:

A SCATS-compatible Traffic Signal Controller .

A centralized computer system to manage all Traffic Signal

Controllers.

A reliable communications network for the centralized computer

system to exchange data with all Traffic Signal Controllers in

your city.

Vehicle detectors at each intersection, usually in the form of

loops in the road pavement.

Advantages of use SCATS:

Reduced Costs.

Proven Performance.

Global Traffic Solution.

Highly Configurable.

Flexible Integration.



04

The city's SCATS adaptive control system is fully automatic, but

operators can make adjustments to the system if necessary.

This picture from SCATS Doha city in Qatar. Qatar introduced the

system in preparation for the World Cup 2026 & another picture

explain the connect sensor between the smart signal and emergency

vehicles.



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6- 3. Smart Surveillance System:

The smart surveillance system consists of the smart cameras and the

microprocessors which are connected to the control room computer.

The integration of these advanced image sensors with high-

performance processors into an embedded system facilitates new

application classes such as smart cameras. Smart cameras not only

capture images or video sequences, they further perform high-level

image processing such as motion analysis and face recognition on-

board and transmit the (compressed) video data as well as the

extracted video information via a network.



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Some Advantages of use Smart surveillance system:

1- Actual queue length for vehicle stopped at the stop bar.

2- Improve safety and reduce congestion at intersections.

3- Stopped vehicle on a specific lane or in the center of intersection.

4- Average vehicle waiting time at the stop bar.

According to the achieve objectives for our study, it has been assumed

in our study area that smart surveillance cameras will be positioned

over every traffic lane, including, streets, parking lots, etc. It has also

been assumed that the resolution of (M-JPEG) video sequences

recorded by these cameras should not be less than (4CIF). In other

words, the expected minimum resolution of processed video frames is

(704 × 576 pixels).

In the case of MMR (make and model recognition) the returned

metadata contains an alias name identifying the make and model of

the car, which have been predicted by the classifier built into the

module. In the case of LPR (license plate recognition) however, the

metadata contains the text read from the license plate by the

embedded OCR tool.



07

Determine parameters of the camera system as shown in the picture.

Model of Camera which have been mentioned used in Abu Dhabi & Doha As shown

in the picture.



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6- 4. Variable massage system (VMS):

Variable massage system is an electronic traffic signs can be placed in

a wide range of places like highways, major road junctions, and urban

arteries. Typically installed at the above the roadway, the VMS uses

text and graphics in monochrome or color. The versatility of variable

message signs makes them suitable for providing traffic information for

a variety of situations including emergencies, construction, and road

closures. The VMS can also be used to communicate events and

activities, public office schedules, waste collection, parking availability,

and travel warnings in several languages.

Variable message signs can be placed in the streets, intersections

and roundabouts of our study area (KARAD) city. Typically installed at

the side or above the roadway, like this attached pictures:



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The places specified in blue refer to the proposed VMS in our study area.

Types of VMS which we can use in our study area:

Light Emitting diode (LED).

Flip disk.

Fiber optic.

Hybrid.

Some pictures for Types of VMS



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Table explains the VMS Technology Advantages and Disadvantages:



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6- 5. Public Transport Management System:

Intelligent Public Transportation Systems (IPTS) are a subsystem of

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which aim to control public

transportation networks, to maintain their performance, and to

provide users (passengers and decision makers) with up-to-date

information about trips and network operating conditions. To reach

these aims, IPTS rely on several technologies that can be

embedded within different control architectures .

City life and urbanization have introduced mobility problems and

raised issues concerning transportation of both people and goods.

Public transport (also known as public transportation or public

transit) refers to shared passenger transport service, which is

available for use by the general public.

KARAD city suffer from randomly of public transport management

system so that, Creating (IPTS) in our study area for follow reasons:

Automatic Vehicle Location Systems: provide decision makers

with real-time information about vehicles, such as location, speed

and direction of vehicles, and information about delays due to

disturbances, such as traffic congestion, accidents, bad weather

conditions, or road repair work.



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Traveler Information Systems: provide passengers with real-time

information about the operating conditions of the network, such as

scheduled shuttles and arrival and departure times of vehicles.

Automatic Passenger Counters: (APC) count on-board

passengers and those waiting for vehicles at stop stations.

Geographic Information Systems: ( GIS) allow an instant

mapping and follow up of the progress of vehicles on their

routes. GIS also allow for the design and implementation of new

routes and shuttles.

The Picture below explain the parts of IPTS



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6- 6. Communication System:

What is the important of communication system in transport

management ?

On highways, down inner-city streets, through tunnels and railway

crossings. An endless stream of cars, trains, buses. Traffic is a

complex, nonstop challenge for major city centers and small

communities alike. Coordinating traffic, staying on top of its ebbs and

flows, is a complex, demanding task for emergency support

personnel, city planners and transportation system operators

everywhere.

Reliable network communications are a critical necessity for

monitoring and managing increasingly complex transportation

infrastructures.

There are lots of Communication system types have been applied in

the world one of the best systems is (GMV), what is GMV and why we

briefer to use it in our study area:

GMV is leader in Transit Fleet Management and Passenger

Information Systems this system is installed in over 100 operators in

more than 65 cities around the world in countries such as Spain,

Malaysia, Poland, Hungary, and India.

The core of this system is a GPS tracking system used in conjunction

with data transmission by means of the selected communications

system (Radio, GSM/GPRS/UMTS/Trunking/TETRA/etc.).



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The resulting system can keep track on the position of all the

resources (vehicles, personnel) and incidents, using GIS (Geographic

Information System) cartography. The fleet tracking and management

system is topped up with passenger information systems on panels

inside the vehicle, on bus-stops or stations, or on latest generation

platforms (internet, mobile telephony or PDA).

Figure explains some process in communication system.

Sample of communication network as shown in picture.



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7- Study methodology:

DATA COLLECTION

Our data was through previous study and during peak hour where, we tooka number of vehicles and number of lane, distance from intersection to

another one and the study supposed the peak hour is at 8:00 A.M.

Network of Case Study

Collect data

Data that

used in ourcalculation

Software

using in ourStudy

DetermineGreen time

split

DetermineIntersection

offset

Proposeintelligent

BUGHDADA UNIVERSITY INTERSECTION

AL-HURIA ROUNDABOUT

AL-MASBAH INTERSECTION



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TRAFFIC VOLUME

BY USING SIDRA 6.0



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SITE LAYOUT

TRAFFIC VOLUME



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TRAFFIC VOLUME



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Table Shows PCU coefficients

INTERSECTION BAGHDAD UNIVERSITY



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ALMASBAH INTERSECTION

ANALYSIS OF RESULT

After findings manually result, we did analyze by using SIDRA

INTERSECTION 6.0 to get best cycle time for the intersection to see which

one more environmentally. However we seen the result of Software is more

comfortable and also the equation of cycle time should apply when the

saturation of the lane is less than 1.



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Cycle of time is 200 sec



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Cycle time is 200



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DISCUSSION OF RESULT OF TRAFFIC SYSTEM Communication system with traffic signalized will be a great idea to

avoid problems of traffic congestion on the roads. Changing of type

signalized from fixed time to actuate with detector and connecting

with sensor to make movement fluency. From our study and during

analysis of the intersection and roundabout. The LOS for them is F

and that mean the saturation of flow is more than 1 .

Apply of VMS.

Architecture of the Smart Camera For traffic surveillance the entire smart camera is packed into a single

cabinet which is typically mounted in tunnels and aside highways.

The electrical power is either supplied by a power socket or by solar

panels. Thus, our smart camera is exposed to harsh environmental

influences such as rapid changes in temperature and humidity as well

as wind and rain. It must be implemented as an embedded system

with tight operating constraints such as size, power consumption and

temperature range.



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Architecture

As depicted in Figure 2.1, the smart camera is divided into three major

parts: (i) the video sensor, (ii) the processing unit, and (iii) the

communication unit.

8- Estimation Cost:



9- Conclusion:

Multi-plan timing system could be set based on computed timing that gives

optimum traffic flows. The optimization procedure includes individual

controller setting and offset timing to minimize stopping and maximize flows

that give progressive flows with maximum bandwidth. Optimizing existing

traffic controllers. It is undeniable that setting up a ITS system in our study

area would be a very wise decision as it will help to lessen the congestion

in (KARADA City ) and also will benefits the town here as has smoother

traffic flow.

project its

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