project planning and schedulling presented by: pm dr mohamad ibrahim mohamad construction management...
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PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULLING
Presented by:PM Dr Mohamad Ibrahim MohamadConstruction Management GroupFaculty of Civil EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia
PROJECT PLANNING
& SCHEDULLING
Planning Organizing
Con
trolling
Leading
Time
Cost
Quality
Machinery
Human
InformationDirecting
Evalu
ating
Material$
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Main Objective Of management Effort.....
To maximize the profit !!!!!
$$$
Planning is ….
…..devising of a workable scheme of operations that accomplishes an established objective when put into action.
THE FOCUS OF PLANNING
What is to be accomplished and how?
What is to be accomplished and how?
THE FOCUS OF PLANNING
“Determining the future objectives and appropriates means to achieve it”
PLANNING PROCESS WILL ANSWER THESE BASIC QUESTIONS:
What must be done?How it should be done?Who should do it?When it must be done?How much will it cost
ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
• Objectives• Action• Resources• Implementation
HIERARCHY OF PLANNING
Purpose
Objectives
Strategies
Policies : Major or Minor
Procedure and Rules
Programs
Budgets
PROJECT PLAN ELEMENTS
• Overview• General Approach• Contractual Aspec• Schedules• Resources• Personnel• Evaluation Methods• Potential Problems
BASIC FEEDBACK LOOP OF CONTROL
PLAN ACTUAL
no yesVARIANCE?
FindCause
CorrectiveAction
Forecastto complete
Newplan
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
• COORDINATING EFFORT
• PREPARE FOR CHANGE
• DEVELOPING
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
• DEVELOPING MANAGER
PROJECT CHARACTERISTIC
COMPLEX AND NUMEROUS ACTIVITYUNIQUE - A ONE TIME SET EVENTFINITE - WITH BEGIN AND AN END DATELIMITED RESOURCES AND BUDGETMANY PEOPLE INVOLVEDSEQUENCED ACTIVITIESGOAL ORIENTED
WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNINGWHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING
WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING
• Lack of commitment to planning• Failure to develop and implement sound
strategies• Lack of meaningful objectives and goals• Failure to see scope of plan• Failure to see planning as a rational process• Excessive reliance on experience
WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING(continue..)
• Lack of management support• Lack of clear delegation• Lack of adequate control techniques• Resistance to change
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WHAT IS scheduling ?
FORECAST/PROJECTED PLANNING
A schedule developed act as a baseline for accomplish the project.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING
• To give confidence to the client• To eliminate any uncertainties• To improve the efficiency of the operation
through efficient use of resources and cost control.
• To better understand of the project objectives• To provide a basis for monitoring and controlling
the work
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT SCHEDULING – cont’d
• To develop logic relations on site activities• To determine start date for each activity• To determine critical activity.• To monitor cash flow• To enhance operation and resources efficiency• to claim extension of time• to ensure that all resources available for carry
out activities.
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1. Client/ Project Manager2. Project Engineer3. Contractor
Who did the scheduling ?
General Schedule - Client / Project managerDetail Schedule - Contractor
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1. Gantt Chart – Carta Bar/ Carta Turus
2. Line of Balance3. CPM – Critical Path Method4. PERT – Project Evaluation Review
Technique5. Precedence Diagram
SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE
SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE
• Bar Chart or Gantt’s Chart
JAN FEB MAC APR MAY
Prelim. & Erthwork
Sub-structure
Frame
Wall
Roof
Finishes
Activities
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Advantages:1. Easy to understand at any hierarchy of management2. Effective in term information transfer to technical staff (supervisor
and staffs that not familiar with other technique)3. Suitable to estimate ‘man-hour’ and ‘machinery hour’4. Utilised to plan budget and cash flow5. Easy to determine work progress
Advantages & Disadvantage of Bar Chart
Disadvantages:1.Critical activities cannot be identified2.Not effective in order to modify planning3.Not effective in order to compress project period
SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE
SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE
Line of Balance
Piling Pile-cap Piers Deck
Time
Qu
anti
ty
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SCHEDULING TECHNIQUESCHEDULING TECHNIQUE
Networking
LOGIC DIAGRAMLOGIC DIAGRAM
Logic diagram represent order and flow of work.
ExcavateFooting
FixedFormwork
PourConcrete
TYPICAL ARROW DIAGRAM
Fabricate Rebar
Excavate Trench
Fabricate formwork
FixedFormwork
FixedRebar
PourConcrete
PROJECT TASK
Earliest StartTime
Latest StartTime
Earliest FinishTime
Latest FinishTime
ACTIVITY
ID #
Duration
TYPICAL PRECEDENCE METHODTYPICAL PRECEDENCE METHODLOGIC DIAGRAMLOGIC DIAGRAM
Fabricate Rebar
Excavate Trench
Fabricate formwork
FixedFormwork
FixedRebar
PourConcrete