project reliance demat accounts satyendra

A PROJECT REPORT On D-mat Account with

A project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION(INDUSTRY INTEGRATED)

TO

EIILM UNIVERSITY, 16TH MILE CAMPUS, JORETHANG,

SOUTH-SIKKIM, PIN-737121

BY

SATYENDRA NATH YADAW

ENROLLMENT NO.-EIILMU/SK/RG/0708/044

Under the guidance of

MR. ANKIT MISHRA

(CENTRE MANAGER)

RELIANCE MONEY LTD. ALLAHABAD U.P

1

PREFACE

The successful completion of this project was a unique experience for me because by visiting many place and interacting various person, I achieved a better knowledge about sales. The experience which I gained by doing this project was essential at this turning point of my carrier this project is being submitted which content detailed analysis of the research under taken by me.

The research provides an opportunity to the student to devote his/her skills knowledge and competencies required during the technical session.

The research is on the topic “D-mat Account with Reliance money ltd.”

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude to various people who have shared their valuable time and made possible this project, through their direct indirect cooperation.

My honorable Mam Malati Subba and Mr.A.k. Benerjee (Lecturer) EIILM UNIVERSITY, SOUTH-SIKKIM, for allowing me to work on this project and provide necessary help.

I thank my respected faculties, dear friend & colleagues, who help me in every possible ways, support me and encouraged me to explore new dimensions.

SATYENDRA NATH YADAW MBA III rd (I.T.) Semester Enrollment-No-EIILMU/SK/RG/0708/044

3

RECOMMENDATION

This to certify that SATYENDRA NATH YADAW, M.B.A III Semester, EIILM University, JORETHANG SOUTH-SIKKIM has done project on “Reliance Money” and has successfully completed his project on “D-mat account with Reliance money Ltd.”This report is completed under my on .It is only for academic purpose and is a bonafide work done by researcher.

Superviser Name__________ Signature_______ Head Research Dept. Or H.O.D. Name____________ Signature_________

4

DECLARATION

I Satyendra Nath Yadaw do here by declare that the project work entitle on the “D-mat Account with Reliance Money Ltd.” at Allahabad U.P. is the original work done by me.

This project report presented as a partial fulfillment requirement for the degree of Master of Business administration.

SATYENDRA NATH YADAW MBA 3rd semester EIILM University

South-Sikim

5

CONTENTS

Introduction 7

(CHAPTER-1)-----------------------------------(8-43)

Company Profile 8

Product of the Reliance Money 16

Need for the study 35

Competitors 36

Objective 43

(CHAPTER-2)-----------------------------------(44-54)

Research Methodology 44

Data Analysis and Interpretation 53

Observation and Finding 54

(CHAPTER-3)-----------------------------------(55-56)

Limitation & Suggestion 55

Conclusion 56

(CHAPTER-4)-----------------------------------(57-59)

Questionnaire 57

Bibliography 59

6

INTRODUCTION

Reliance Money – Transacting and investing

simplified.

Get ready to change the way you transact and invest

in financial products and services. Whether you wish

to transact in equity, equity & commodity derivatives,

IPO’s offshore investments or prefer to invest in

mutual funds, life & general insurance products or

avail money transfer and money changing services,

you can do it all through reliance money. Simply open

a reliance money account and enjoy the convenience

of handling all your key financial transactions

through this one window.

7

PROFILE OF RELIANCE MONEY

The Reliance – Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group is

among India’s top three private sector business

houses on all major financial parameters, with a

market capitalization of Rs.325,000 crores (US$ 81

billion), net assets in excess of Rs.115,000 crores (US$

29 billion), and net worth to the tune of Rs.55,000

crores (US$ 14 billion)

Reliance Money is a comprehensive electronic

transaction platform offering a wide range of asset

classes. Its Endeavour is to change the way India

transacts in financial markets and avails financial

services. Reliance Money is a single window, enabling

you to access, amongst others in Equities, Equity &

Commodities Derivatives, Mutual Funds, IPO’s, Life

& General Insurance products, Offshore Investments,

Money Transfer, Money changing and Credit Cards.

Reliance Money is a group company of Reliance

Capital; one of India's leading and fastest growing

private sector financial services companies, ranking

8

among the top 3 private sector financial services and

banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance

Capital Ltd. has interests in asset management, life

and general insurance, private equity and proprietary

investments, stock broking and other financial

services. Reliance Capital is one of India’s leading

and fastest growing private sector financial services

companies, and ranks among the top 3 private sector

financial services and banking companies, in terms of

net worth. The company has interests in asset

management and mutual funds, life and general

insurance, private equity and proprietary

investments, stock broking and other activities in

financial services

9

RELIANCE ADA GROUP

10

Reliance Money

Reliance Money is a group company of Reliance

Capital, one of India's leading and fastest growing

private sector financial services companies, ranking

among the top 3 private sector financial services and

banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance

Capital is a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai

Ambani Group. Reliance Money is a comprehensive

electronic transaction platform offering a wide range

of asset classes. Its endeavor is to change the way

India transacts in financial markets and avails

financial services.

Reliance Money is a single window, enabling you to

access, amongst others in Equities, Equity &

Commodities Derivatives, Mutual Funds, IPO’s, Life

& General Insurance products, Offshore Investments,

Money Transfer, Money Changing and Credit Cards

11

The Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group is one of

India's top 3 business houses, and has a market

capitalization of over Rs.2,90,000 crore (US$ 75

billion),net worth in excess of Rs.40,000 crore (US$ 10

billion), cash flows of Rs. 9,000 crore (US$ 2.2 billion),

net profit of Rs. 5,000 crore (US$ 1.3 billion) and zero

net debt.

12

Chairman's Profile:

Regarded as one of the foremost corporate leaders of

contemporary India, Shri Anil Dhirubhai Ambani is

the chairman of all listed companies of the Reliance

ADA Group, namely, Reliance Communications,

Reliance Capital, Reliance Energy, Reliance Natural

Resources and Reliance Power. He is also Chairman

of the Board of Governors of Dhirubhai Ambani

Institute of Information and Communication

Technology, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat. Till recently, he

also held the post of Vice Chairman and Managing

Director in Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), India's

largest private sector enterprise. Anil Dhirubhai

Ambani joined Reliance in 1983 as Co-Chief

Executive Officer, and was centrally involved in every

aspect of the company's management

13

If we look for examples to prove this quote then we

can find many but there is none like that of Reliance

Money. The company which is today known as the

largest financial service provider of India.

Reliance Capital has interests in asset

management and mutual funds, life and general

insurance, private equity and proprietary

investments, stock broking, depository services,

distribution of financial products, consumer finance

and other activities in financial services. Reliance

Mutual Fund is India's no.1 Mutual Fund. Reliance

Life Insurance is India's fastest growing life

insurance company and among the top 4 private

sector insurers. Reliance General Insurance is India's

fastest growing general insurance company and the

top 3 private sector insurers.

Reliance Money is the largest brokerage and

distributor of financial products in India with more

than 2.5 million customers and the largest

distribution network. Reliance Consumer finance has

14

a loan book of over Rs. 8,000 crores at the end of June

2008. Reliance Capital has a net worth of Rs.6,862

crores (US$ 1.6 billion) and total assets of Rs. 19,940

crores (US$ 4.6 billion) as of June 30, 2008 and over

26,000 employees. Money has increased its market

share among private financial companies to nearly

Convenient & effective – Anytime & anywhere

financial transaction capability. Launched in April

2007. It provides the Flat fees system. It has 2.2

million customers in 1 year of official launch. It has

over 5,000 outlets across 700 towns/cities. Average

daily turnover – in excess of Rs 2,000 crores.

Considering the entire life market, including the Rs.

12,890 crores booked by life insurance Corporation,

Reliance life insurance market share works out to

around 6.25% .The life insurance market continuous

to be dominated

By LIC which has about 67% share this only a

marginal dip from its 73% share in end-July. These

comparisons are only for first year or new business

premium.

15

RELIANC MONEY PRODUCT OFFERING

1. Trading Portal (with almost negligible brokerage )

Equity Broking

Commodity Broking

Derivatives ( Futures & Options )

Offshore Investments (Contract For Differences)

D-Mat Account.

2. Financial Products

Mutual Funds

Life Insurance

o ULIP plan

o Term Plan

o Money Back Plan

General Insurance

o Vehicle/Motor Insurance

o Health Insurance

o House insurance

16

IPO’s

NFOs

3. Value-Added Services

Retirement Planning

Financial Planning

Tax Saving

Children Future Planning

5. Credit Cards

4. Gold coins retailing

17

.“Success is a journey, not a

distination’’

RELIANCE DEMAT ACCOUNTS

Overview of Demat Account

In India, a Demat account the abbreviation for

dematerialized account, is a type of banking account

which dematerializes paper-based physical stock

shares, the dematerialized account is used to avoid

holding physical shares: the shares are bought and

sold through a stock broker. This account is popular

in India. The

18

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

mandates a demat account for share trading above

500 shares. As of April 2006, it became mandatory

that any person holding a demat account should

possess a Permanent Account Number (PAN), and the

deadline for submission of PAN details to the

depository lapsed on January 2007.

Procedure

1. Fill demat request form (DRF) (obtained from a

depository participant or DP with whom your

depository account is opened).

2. Deface the share certificate(s) you want to

dematerialize by writing across Surrendered for

dematerialization.

19

3. Submit the DRF & share certificate(s) to DP. DP

would forward them to the issuer / their R&T Agent.

4. after dematerialization, your depository account

with your DP, would be credited with the

dematerialized securities.

Reliance Money Demat Account Services

Reliance Money – Transacting and investing

simplified.

Get ready to change the way you transact and invest

in financial products and services. Whether you wish

to transact in equity, equity & commodity derivatives,

and IPO’s offshore investments or prefer to invest in

mutual

Funds, life & general insurance products or avail

money transfer and money changing services, you can

do it all through reliance money. Simply open a

20

reliance money account and enjoy the convenience of

handling all your key financial transactions through

this one window.

Benefits of having reliance money account

•It’s cost effective

You pay comparatively lower transaction fees. As an

introductory offer, we invite you to pay a flat fee of

just Rs. 500/- and 750/- and transact through reliance

money. This fee is valid for two months or a specified

transaction value

The table below for details.

21

• Its offers single –

Through reliance money’s associates, you can

transact in equity, equity and commodities

derivatives, offshore investments mutual funds, IPO’s

life insurance, general

Insurance, money transfer, money changing and

credit cards, amongst others.

•Its convenient

You can access reliance money’s services through

•The internet

•Transaction kiosks

22

•The phone (calls & transact)

•Our all – India network of associates on an assisted

trade (through the call centre or our network of

associates) a charge of Rs 12 per executed trade

applicable.

•Its Safe your account is safeguarded with a unique

security number that changes every 32 seconds. This

number works as a dynamics password to keep your

account extra safe.

• You get your own demat account with reliance

capital at an annual fee of just Rs. 50/-.

23

• Its provides you a demat account provides you a 3-

in-1 facility

• You can access your banking, trading and demat

account through a single window and transfer funds

across accounts seamlessly.

• It provide you value- added services at

www.reliancemoney.com, you get.

• Reliable research, including views of external

experts with an enviable track record.

• Live news updates from Reuters and Dow Jones.

• CEO’s / expert views on the economy and financial

markets.

• Tools that help you plan your investments, tax,

retirement, etc. in the personal finance section.

• Risk Analyzer for analysis of your risk profile.

• Asset allocators to build an appropriate investment

portfolio

24

• Innovative use of technology for facilitating

Convenient trading/investments –

kiosks (similar to ATM’s)

25

Reliance Money Provide the kiosks (similar to

ATM’s) Facilities, to their customer through which

the customers can trade on available kiosks at the

particular Branch of Reliance Money. The company

is going to open these kiosks in the market as the

ATM’s of the Banks. Reliance Money provides 3

different trading platforms for equity trading:

Insta Trade

Fast Trade

Easy trade

The benefits

• A safe and convenient way to hold securities;

• Immediate transfer of securities;

• No stamp duty on transfer of securities;

26

• Elimination of risks associated with physical

certificates such as bad delivery, fake securities,

delays, thefts etc;

• Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of

securities;

• Reduction in transaction cost;

• No odd lot problem, even one share can be sold;

• Nomination facility;

• Change in address recorded with DP gets registered

with all companies in which investor holds securities

electronically eliminating the need to correspond with

each of them separately;

• Transmission of securities is done by DP eliminating

correspondence with companies;

• Automatic credit into demat account of shares,

arising out of bonus/split/consolidation/merger etc.

27

• Holding investments in equity and debt instruments

in a single account.

Required Documents

The extent of documentation required to open a

demat account may vary according to your

relationship with the institution. If you plan to open a

demat account with a bank, a savings, current and, or

other account for which the holder have been issued a

check book, such holder has an edge over the non-

account holder. In fact, banks usually offer additional

incentives to customers who open a demat account

with them. Along with the application form, your

photographs (with co-applicants) and proof of

identity/residence/date of birth have to be submitted.

The DPs also ask for a DP-client agreement to be

executed on non-judicial stamp paper. Here is a

broad list:

28

• A canceled check, preferably MICR

• Proof of Identification

• Proof of Address

• Proof of Pan Card (mandatory)

• Recent photographs, one and, or more for proof of

identification and, or address self-attested facsimile

copies of PAN card, Voter’s ID, Passport, Ration

card, Driver’s license, Photo credit card, Employee

ID card, Bank attestation, latest IT returns and, or

latest Electricity/Landline phone bill are sufficient.

While they only ask for photocopies of the documents,

they will need the originals for verification.

29

Points to Remember

1. Only securities admitted by NSDL can be

dematerialized. The list is available with your DP.

2. Only securities registered in the name of the

account holder can be dematerialized.

3. Dematerialization is normally completed within 15

days after the share certificates have reached the

issuer/ their R&T Agent. Thus it may take you a

month from the date you hand over shares, to receive

demat credit.

30

4. Dematerialization would be done only when the

issuer / their R&T Agent is satisfied of genuineness of

securities & ownership status

5. All the joint holders should sign the DRF.

6. The pattern of holding in the DRF should match

the pattern of holding on the share certificate & the

pattern in which account is opened.

7. Demat requests with name(s) not matching exactly

with the name(s) appearing on the certificates merely

on account of initials not being spelt out fully or put

after or prior to the surname, would be processed,

provided the signature(s) of the client(s) on the DRF

tallies with the specimen signature(s) available with

the issuer/ their R & T agent.

8. If the signature in the DRF does not match with

the signature available with the issuer/ their R & T

agent, the issuer/ their R & T agent may at the time of

31

demat confirmation, ask for additional

documentation (like bank attestation/ notarization,

etc.) to prove that the certificate belongs to the person

who forwarded the DRF.

9. In case there is any problem in processing the DRF,

contact you’re DP and if he cannot resolve the

problem you may contact NSDL.

Benefit

Demat account has become a necessity for all

categories of investors for the following reasons/

benefits:

SEBI has made it compulsory for trades

in almost all scrip’s to be settled in

Demat mode. Although, trades up to 500

shares can be settled in physical form,

physical settlement is virtually not

taking place for the apprehension of bad

delivery on

32

Account of mismatch of signatures,

forgery of signatures, fake certificates,

etc.

It is a safe and convenient way to hold

securities compared to holding securities

in physical form..

No stamp duty is levied on transfer of

securities held in Demat form.

Instantaneous transfer of securities

enhances liquidity.

It eliminates delays, thefts, interceptions

and subsequent misuse of certificates.

Change of name, address, registration of

power of attorney, deletion of deceased's

name, etc. - can be effected across

companies by one single instruction to

the DP.

Each share is a market lot for the

purpose of transactions - so no odd lot

problem.

33

Any number of securities can be

transferred/delivered with one delivery order.

Therefore, paperwork and signing of multiple

transfer forms is done away with. It facilitates

taking advances against securities on low

margin/low interest.

34

NEED OF THE STUDY

The need of the study arises because of the

reason that a trainee must understand the

company, its achievements and tasks, products

and services and also to collect information

about its competitors, its products and services

offered. So that, after understanding and

collecting information about the organization

and its competitors, a trainee will be able to

work well for the organization.

From the study I have learned very

much, about the company as well as the

strategy of the customers, which helps me a lot

at my working days.

35

COMPETITORS

HDFC BANK is one of the leading Depository

Participant (DP) in the country with over 8 Lac

demat accounts.

HDFC Bank Demat services offers you a secure and

convenient way to keep track of your securities and

investments, over a period of time, without the hassle

of handling physical documents that get mutilated or

lost in transit.

HDFC BANK is Depository participant both with –

National Securities Depositories Limited (NSDL) and

Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).

36

Features & Benefits

As opposed to the earlier form of dealing in physical

certificates with delays in transaction, holding and

trading in Demat form has the following benefits:

Settlement of Securities traded on the exchanges as

well as off market transactions.

Shorter settlements thereby enhancing

liquidity.

Pledging of Securities.

Electronic credit in public issue.

Auto Credit of Rights / Bonus / Public Issues

/Dividend credit through ECS.

Auto Credit of Public Issue refunds to the

bank account.

No stamp duty on transfer of securities held

in demat form.

No concept of Market Lots.

Change of address, Signature, Dividend

37

Mandate, registration of power of attorney,

transmission etc. can be effected across

companies held in demat form by a single

instruction to the Depository Participant

(DP).

Holding / Transaction details through

Internet / email.

Incase you need any more information or have any

queries, feedback & complaints , you may please mail

us at [email protected]

Secured & easy transaction processing

HDFC Bank Ltd provides convenient facility called

'SPEED-e' (Internet based transaction) whereby

account holder can submit delivery instructions

electronically through SPEED-e website

(https://speed-e.nsdl.com). SPEED-e offers secured

means of transaction processing eliminating

preparation of instruction slips and submission of the

same across the counter to the depository participant.

The 'IDEAS' facility helps in viewing the current

38

transactions and balances (holdings) of Demat

account on Internet on real time basis.

Disclaimer:

Whatever have been stated above are in the good

interest of the Investor / Demat Applicants / holders

to provide a brief picture about the depository

system. You are requested go through the guidelines

of the depositories before taking any further action.

For detailed guidelines, you are requested to

approach your nearest HDFC Bank branch. HDFC

Bank will not be responsible for any

misunderstanding / act based on the above. Also

HDFC Bank might ask for additional information /

documentation than what has been stated above to

process your application / instruction.

39

ICICI DIRECT

ICICIDirect (or ICICIDirect.com) is stock trading

company of ICICI Bank. Along with stock trading

and trading in derivatives in BSE and NSE, it also

provides facility to invest in IPOs, Mutual Funds and

Bonds. Trading is available in BSE and NSE

ICICIDirect offers 3 different online trading platforms to

its customers. Type of Account

1. Share Trading Account

Share Trading Account by ICICIDirect is

primarily for buying and selling of stocks in BSE

and NSE.This account allows Cash Trading,

Margin Trading, Margin PLUS Trading, Spot

Trading, Buy Today Sell Tomorrow and Call

and Trade on phone.

40

ICICIDirect.com website is the primary trading

platform for this trading account. They also

provide installable application terminal based

application for high volume trader.

2. Wise Investment Account

3. Online Mutual funds investment allows

investor to invest on-line in around 19 Mutual

Fund companies. ICICI Direct offers various

options while investing in Mutual Funds like

Purchase Mutual Fund, Redemption and

switch between different schemes, Systematic

Investment plans, Systematic withdrawal plan

and transferring existing Mutual Funds in to

electronic mode. This account also provides

facility to invest in Government of India Bonds

and ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds.

2. Active Trader account gives more

personalized investment options to the

investors. It allows investor to use online and

offline stock trading. It also provides with

independent market expertise and support

41

through a dedicated Relationship Manager

from ICICI.

Active Trader also provides

commodity trading.

Brokerage and fees

Account opening fees: Rs 750/- (One time non-

refundable)

Brokerage : ICICIDirect.com brokerage

varies on volume of trade and inclusive

of demat transaction charges, service

taxes and courier charges for contract

notes. It ranges from 0.1% to 0.15% for

margin trades, 0.2% to 0.425% for

squared off trades and 0.4% to 0.85% on

delivery based trades.

Disadvantages of ICICIDirect

1. Getting access to ICICIDirect.com website

during market session can be frustrating.

42

OBJECTIVE

To find the market potential and market penetration of Reliance Money product offerings in Bhopal.

To collect the real time information about preference level of customers using Demat account and their inclination towards various other brokerage firms e.g. Indiabulls, Sharekhan, Indiainfoline, Religare, Alankit , Unicon.

To expand the market penetration of Reliance money.

To provide pricing strategy of competitors to fight cut throat competition.

To increase the product awareness of Reliance money as single window shop for investment solutions.

43

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology refers to search of

knowledge .one can also define research methodology

as a scientific and systematic search for required

information on a specific topic.

The word research methodology comes from the

word “advance learner‘s dictionary” meaning of

research as a careful investigation or inquiry

especially through research for new facts in my

branch of knowledge for example some author have

define research methodology as systematized effort

to gain new knowledge.

44

TYPES OF RESEARCH

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH:-

It has to used facts or information already

available and analyzes these to make a critical

evaluation of material.

SAMPLE SIZE: Considering the constraints it was

decided to conduct the study based on sample size of

50 people in specific age groups.

45

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

In the project work Primary data secondary data

(both) sources of data has been used.

1. Primary sources of data: In the primary sources

of data used Observation Method &

Questionnaire method.

2. Secondary sources of data: In the secondary

sources of data is used. (Internet ,

magazines ,books, journals)

TOOLS OF ANALYSIS

In the project work quantitative technique &

percentage method are has been used.

46

RESEARCH DESIGN

For the proper analysis of data simple

quantitative technique such as percentage were

used. It help in marketing more accurate

generalization From the data available .The

data which was collected from a sample of

population was assumed to be representing

entire population was interested .Demographic

factor like age, income and educational

background was used for the classification

purpose .

47

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Q .1 Which bank is easily available every were?

Company Name Percentage of respondentReliance Money 25ICICI 15HDFC 10

INTERPRETATION: 50% have respondent of Reliance Money, 30% have respondent of HDFC, 20% have respondent of ICICI.

48

Q.2Which banking Demat account offered you a large no. of services?

Company Name Percentage of respondentReliance money 25HDFC 10ICICI 15


49

Q.3 Which bank provides you a better email facility?



50

Q.4 which company provides a less BROKARAGE rate?


INTERPRTETATION: 42% have respondent of Reliance Money, 30% have respondent of HDFC, 28% have respondent of ICICI.

51

Q. 5 which company provide you a large number of product and services?


INTERPRETATION: - 42% have respondent of Reliance Money, 30% have respondent of HDFC, 28% have respondent of ICICI.

52

Represent a pie chart

Reliance45%

HDFC28%

ICICI27%

OBSERVATION

53

To study the sales and distribution management and improve the Customer Acquisition Process by analyzing the consumer behavior, response and mindset towards the product and services the company offers.

50% have respondent of Reliance Money,

30% have respondent of HDFC, 20% have

respondent of ICICI.













54

SUGGESTION

The Brand image of Reliance Money is good in market but according to customer satisfaction the company has to provide the better service.And also change the Market strategy

Limitations

• The time constraint was one of the major problems.• The study is limited to the different schemes available under the Demat account selected.

• The lack of information sources for the analysis part.

CONCLUSION

55

Reliance Demat Account is better than other Demat

account. Reliance Money has good return of

investment. A good brand is always welcomed over

here people are aware of quality so they go for

ready to spend bucks of money.

At last all con be concluded by that Reliance

Money is still growing industry in India

Reliance Demat account have less brokerage rate.

It provides a security with the use of special type of

key.

QUESTIONNAIRE

56

Q .1 Which financial bank is easily available every were?

Reliance Money HDFC ICICI

Q.2Which banking Demat account offered you a large no. of services?


Q.3 Which bank provides you a better email facility?


Q.4 which company provides a less BROKARAGE rate?


57

Q. 5 which company provide you a large number of product and services?


58

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Websites:www.reliancemoney.comwww.hdfc.comwww.icicidirect.com

Reference books: 1. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS - L.M.BHOLE2.INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT - V.K.BHALL3. Research methodology: KOTHARI

59