PROJECT  SCOPE  &  

CONCEPT  OF  OPERATIONS

JANUARY  21,  2016

DEFINING  THE  SCOPE• Required  to  develop  good  requirements

• What  defines  the  scope• Needs,  Goals,  and  Objectives

• Identify  stakeholders,  i.e.,  partners,  collaborators,  those  with  the  money

• Develop  operational  concepts

• Know  and  understand  the  constraints

• Are  there  pre-­‐existing  documents  that  pertain• Presidential  directives

• Announcement  of  Opportunities

• Proposals

DEFINITIONS• Needs:  explains  why  the  stakeholder  wants  this  project  developed

• Goals:  the  fundamental  target  you  must  accomplish  to  fulfill  the  need

• Objectives:  initiatives  that  implement  the  goal.• What  is  the  minimum  the  stakeholders  expect  for  the  system  to  be  successful?

• Example:  Apollo  Program• Need:  Counter  Soviet  military  threat

• Goal:  Demonstrate  American  technological  superiority

• Objective:  Make  a  decisive  move  in  the  conquest  of  space.

• Operational  Concept: Launch  crew.  Lander,  …  etc.

• Assumptions:All  technology  needs  are  achievable

• Constraints:  Do  it  within  the  decade  and  use  American-­‐made  components

• Authority  &  Responsibility:  NASA  is  responsible  for  carrying  out  the  mission

CONCEPT  OF  OPERATIONS  -­‐ CONOPS

• ConOps:  a  description  of  how  the  system  will  be  operated  during  the  mission  phases  in  order  to  meet  stakeholder  expectations.

• Why  is  a  ConOps  important?• Easy  to  understand  – everyone  can  relate  to  it  (even  the  customer)

• Provides  an  operational  perspective

• Stimulates  requirements  development

CONOPS  EXAMPLE

Ascent  Stage  Expended

EDS,  LSAM

CEV

Earth  Departure  Stage  Expended

LSAM  Performs  LOI100  km  

Vehicles  are  not  to  scale.

Low  Earth  Orbit

Service  Module  Expended

MOONMOON

EARTHEARTH

Direct  Entry  or  Skip  Landing

Ascent  Stage  Expended

EDS,  LSAM

CEV

Earth  Departure  Stage  Expended

LSAM  Performs  LOILow  Lunar  

Vehicles  are  not  to  scale.

Low  Earth  Orbit

Service  Module  Expended

MOONMOON

EARTHEARTH

Direct  Entry  or  Skip  Landing

INFORMATION  IN  A  CONOPS

• Major  mission  phases

• Operational  scenarios

• Operation  timelines

• End-­‐to-­‐end  communication  strategy

• Command  and  data  architecture• Operational  facilities  involved  (mission  control,  data  center,  etc.)

• Integrated  logistics  support  (resupply,  maintenance,  assembly)

• Critical  events  (getting  to  the  right  orbit)

CONOPS  FROM  A  PREVIOUS  CLASS

Separation  from  ESPA

Initial  State  Vector

Separation  Confirm

Attitude/Position  Hold

Confirm  Attitude/PositionHold

Establish  Comm  w/Target

Confirm  Crosslink   Comm

GPS  Functionality

Confirm  GPS  Solution

Coplanar  Maneuver

Confirm  CoplanarManeuver  2

Confirm  Man.  1

Confirm  Man.  2

ESPA

∆v  Maneuver

Communication

Downlink/Uplink

AggieSatTarget

Launch

Maneuver  1