propaganda 2009
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Propaganda Techniques
An examination of the art of manipulation
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What is Propaganda?
• A way of manipulating people using images and words to achieve a desired effect or outcome
• Propaganda clouds reality and gets in the way of clear and honest thinking
• Propagandists deliberately manipulate in order to promote their cause.
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Why study propaganda?
• Too avoid being manipulated by others
• We often deceive ourselves using the same techniques we use to convince others
• How clearly do you understand how this expensive Super Bowl ad is trying to manipulate you?
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Is all propaganda bad?
• Yes, in that it does not seek to educate but rather manipulate. However, sometimes propaganda may be used to manipulate you into doing something positive
• The danger is that all propagandists want to do your thinking for you.
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World War II Propaganda
• “The masses always need a certain time before they are ready even to notice a thing, and they will lend their memories only to a thousand-fold repetition of the most simple ideas”.
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World War II Propaganda
• “To whom has propaganda to appeal? To the scientific intelligentsia or to the less educated masses? It has appeal forever and only to the masses!”
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World War II Propaganda
• “All propaganda has to be popular and has to adapt its spiritual level to the perception of the least intelligent...”
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World War II Propaganda
• “The great masses’ receptive ability is only very limited, their understanding is small, but their forgetfulness is great [so] all effective propaganda has to limit itself only to a few points to use them like slogans until every last man is able to imagine what is intended...”
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World War II Propaganda
• Adolf Hitler
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Association/Transfer
• Creates an internal connection between two unrelated items. Causes a transfer of positive or negative feelings from one thing to something else.
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Association/Transfer
• Creates an internal connection between two unrelated items. Causes a transfer of positive or negative feelings from one thing to something else.
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Association/Transfer
• Creates an internal connection between two unrelated items. Causes a transfer of positive or negative feelings from one thing to something else.
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Association/Transfer
• Creates an internal connection between two unrelated items. Causes a transfer of positive or negative feelings from one thing to something else.
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Association/Transfer
• Creates an internal connection between two unrelated items. Causes a transfer of positive or negative feelings from one thing to something else.
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Misery
• Appeals to pity or sympathy to gain support.
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Misery
• Appeals to pity or sympathy to gain support.
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Misery
• Appeals to pity or sympathy to gain support.
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Fancy Words
• Use of elegant or technical sounding words to persuade and camouflage the truth.
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Fancy Words
• Use of elegant or technical sounding words to persuade and camouflage the truth.
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Fancy Words
• Use of elegant or technical sounding words to persuade and camouflage the truth.
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Fancy Words
• Use of elegant or technical sounding words to persuade and camouflage the truth.
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Euphemisms
• The use of words or statements that deter from the meaning, to make it not as bad, and more tasteful to the general public.
• Example: Holocaust = Final Solution
• Example: Death Camps = Resettlement
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Word Magic
• Uses emotional or catchy words to create a positive feeling and makes it easier to remember the product or idea.
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Word Magic
• Uses emotional or catchy words to create a positive feeling and makes it easier to remember the product or idea.
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Bandwagon
• Join the crowd, do not be left out. Everyone is doing it, so you should too.
“Everyone listens to the Furher”
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Bandwagon
• Join the crowd, do not be left out. Everyone is doing it, so you should too.
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Plain Folks
• Based on the idea that we trust people who are most like us.
“We are for Adolf Hitler”
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Plain Folks
• Based on the idea that we trust people who are most like us.
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Plain Folks
• Based on the idea that we trust people who are most like us.
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Plain Folks
• Based on the idea that we trust people who are most like us.
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Direct Order
• Attempts to make decision making easy for us by directly telling us what to do.
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Direct Order
• Attempts to make decision making easy for us by directly telling us what to do.
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Appeal to Authority
• Important and powerful people support a candidate or idea. Similar to testimonial.
“One People, One Reich, One Fuhrer”
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Testimonial
• When a celebrity, or expert whose views are held in general respect endorses a product, candidate, or idea. The person may or may not be qualified to speak on the subject.
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Testimonial
• When a celebrity, or expert whose views are held in general respect endorses a product, candidate, or idea. The person may or may not be qualified to speak on the subject.
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Testimonial
• When a celebrity, or expert whose views are held in general respect endorses a product, candidate, or idea. The person may or may not be qualified to speak on the subject.
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Testimonial
• When a celebrity, or expert whose views are held in general respect endorses a product, candidate, or idea. The person may or may not be qualified to speak on the subject.
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Name Calling
• Linking a person or idea to a negative image.
“The Jew: The inciter of war, the prolonger of war
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Name Calling
• Linking a person or idea to a negative image.
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Name Calling
• Linking a person or idea to a negative image.
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Glittering Generalities
• Use of words and images that generally carry a favorable meaning to everyone. Hopes to create a feeling with no direct evidence.
"Open the door to freedom! Put a strong man at the helm! Out of the swamp! Forward with the powers of renewal!”
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Glittering Generalities
• Use of words and images that generally carry a favorable meaning to everyone. Hopes to create a feeling with no direct evidence.
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Glittering Generalities
• Use of words and images that generally carry a favorable meaning to everyone. Hopes to create a feeling with no direct evidence.
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Black and White
• Presents an issue as having only two choices. If you don’t like one choice, you must choose the other
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Black and White
• Presents an issue as having only two choices. If you don’t like one choice, you must choose the other
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Oversimplification
• Coming to a conclusion that is too simple to account for complex reality.
• “Germany ruthlessly killed Americans when they sank the Lusitania so they clearly don’t care if we go to war with them or not.”
• “If congress passes a law limiting the availability of automatic weapons, America will slide down a slippery slope which will ultimately result in the banning of all guns, the destruction of the Constitution, and a totalitarian police state.”
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Taking Out of Context
• Removing a person, statement or idea from its original setting in order to support the propagandist position.
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Taking Out of Context
• Removing a person, statement or idea from its original setting in order to support the propagandist position.
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Fear
• Informs people that personal danger is imminent if they do or do not do some specific action.
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Fear
• Informs people that personal danger is imminent if they do or do not do some specific action.
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Fear
• Informs people that personal danger is imminent if they do or do not do some specific action.
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Fear
• Informs people that personal danger is imminent if they do or do not do some specific action.
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Fear
• Informs people that personal danger is imminent if they do or do not do some specific action.
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Simplicity and Repetition
• Keep it simple and say it often enough so people will remember it and believe it.
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Simplicity and Repetition
• Keep it simple and say it often enough so people will remember it and believe it.
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You Turn
1.
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You Turn
2.
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You Turn
3.
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Thank you for your time.The End.