properties of elements. properties are the qualities that, taken together, are usually peculiar to...
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Properties of ElementsProperties of Elements
Properties of ElementsProperties of Elements
Properties are the qualities that, taken Properties are the qualities that, taken together, are usually peculiar to an object.together, are usually peculiar to an object.
Properties of ElementsProperties of Elements Physical properties, such as:Physical properties, such as:
Solid, liquid, or gasSolid, liquid, or gas Conducts electricityConducts electricity HardnessHardness DensityDensity ColorColor Acid or baseAcid or base ReactivityReactivity
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements Groups (also known as Families). Similar due to same Groups (also known as Families). Similar due to same
number of valence electrons.number of valence electrons.
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements
Properties largely determined by Properties largely determined by valence electrons.valence electrons.
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements
Groups 1 and 2: Very Reactive MetalsGroups 1 and 2: Very Reactive Metals Elements whose atoms need to gain, Elements whose atoms need to gain,
lose, or share only one or 2 atoms are lose, or share only one or 2 atoms are very reactive.very reactive.
Elements in group 1 or 2 are only found Elements in group 1 or 2 are only found in compounds in nature.in compounds in nature.
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements Group 1: Alkali MetalsGroup 1: Alkali Metals
Soft: cut with a knife!Soft: cut with a knife! Most reactive of Most reactive of
metalsmetals Shiny, silver colored, Shiny, silver colored,
low densitylow density React with WATERReact with WATER To periodic tableTo periodic table
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements
Group 2: Alkaline-Group 2: Alkaline-Earth MetalsEarth Metals Not as reactive as Not as reactive as
alkali metalsalkali metals Harder to lose 2 Harder to lose 2
electrons from electrons from valence shellvalence shell
Calcium: important Calcium: important in nutritionin nutrition
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements
Groups 3-12: Transition metalsGroups 3-12: Transition metals Groups 13-16: Groups with MetalloidsGroups 13-16: Groups with Metalloids
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements
Group 17: The HalogensGroup 17: The Halogens Very reactive nonmetalsVery reactive nonmetals React easily, especially with metalsReact easily, especially with metals Some properties are quite different Some properties are quite different
between the halogensbetween the halogens Chlorine is yellowish gas- disinfect waterChlorine is yellowish gas- disinfect water Iodine is dark red liquid- with alcohol to Iodine is dark red liquid- with alcohol to
disinfect in hospitalsdisinfect in hospitals
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements
Group 18: Noble gassesGroup 18: Noble gasses UNREACTIVE nonmetalsUNREACTIVE nonmetals All found in atmosphere in small amounts- argon All found in atmosphere in small amounts- argon
is most plentiful- 1% of the atmosphereis most plentiful- 1% of the atmosphere
Neon is unreactive, but it has it’s uses…
Grouping the ElementsGrouping the Elements Hydrogen is in class of its ownHydrogen is in class of its own Like alkali metals, has one valence Like alkali metals, has one valence
electron: REACTIVEelectron: REACTIVE Physical properties more like nonmetalsPhysical properties more like nonmetals Most abundant element in universe!Most abundant element in universe!