psguard applications insert wide area monitoring, imag … · 2018. 5. 10. · psguard applications...
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ApplicationsPSGuard
Wide Area Monitoring,Protection and Control
Dr. Joachim Bertsch &C.Carnal
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PSGuard system & applications
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Connectivity
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Features:
• Wide area measurement and phase data viewing
• Acquisition of phasor data from new and already installed PMU
• Processing and central data display
• Checking the validity of the acquired data
• Monitoring of the communication links to the PMU
Connectivity
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Benefits:
• Proper and secure data acquisition as the base for real-time processing
• Base for short term system reaction
• High system security by data quality verification
• Integration according common standards (IEEE1344)
Connectivity
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Basic monitoring
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Features & benefits:
• Process oriented navigation
• Historical data and trending facility
• Integrated system base for advanced applications
• Precise system data information in real-time
Basic monitoring
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Basic monitoring
provided views for monitoring
History view
Easy navigation
Phasor information
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Basic monitoring: Customer specific view
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Basic monitoring: Customer specific view
PSGuard applications• Line thermal monitoring
• Voltage stability monitoring• Phase angle monitoring
System abnormal status, early warning and emergency alarm
Application button showing the monitored value and an alarm (red) on phase angle
Component values (e.g. phase angle,
voltage)
Power values (P, Q, S) and direction
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US - NERC recommendations : Basic monitoring
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US - NERC recommendations : Basic monitoring
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Data storage and export
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Features & benefits:
• Data processing and storage
• Navigation through historical data
• Trending facility
• Power system analyses independent from PSGuard
• Proper base for investment planning
Data storage and export
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US - NERC recommendations: Data storage and export
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Advanced monitoring & State calculator
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Features & benefits:
• Topology detection• Islanding recognition
Precondition for:• Dynamic network parameter calculation• State calculation
Advanced monitoring & State calculator
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Advanced monitoring & State calculator
• Voltage and current phasor measurements by PMUs• Goal – computation of all remaining unknown voltages
and branch currents
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
PMU
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US – NERC recommendations: Advanced monitoring & SC
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4 No awareness of risk-level
US – NERC recommendations: Advanced monitoring & SC
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Event driven data archiving
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Event driven data archiving
Benefits:
• Automatic recording and storing of the grid disturbance data based on the specified triggering conditions
• Valuable for root cause analysis as it enables the user to have a clear view of activities preceding and following an event.
• Improve network planning
• Input data for calibration and verification of the dynamic models of the network
• Improve network behavior analysis and identification of the specific network properties for the network reinforcements and extensions
• To comply with future UCTE requirements for studying UCTE-wide disturbances
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Phase angle monitoring
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Benefits:
• Providing operators with a real-time information about the voltage phase angle deviations
• Improve voltage control
• Improve system stability, security and reliability
• Operate safely power carrying components closer to their limits
• Provide improved power system observability
• Provides crucial information for the successful reclosing of the transmission lines in important corridors
Phase angle monitoring
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UCTE - Final Blackout Report Italy - key findings
Source: UCTE
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Swiss grid utility : PSGuard project
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Swiss grid utility : Phase Angle monitoring
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• Strong relation of load of line and phase angle difference between the voltage at the ends
• 100 MW approximately corresponds to 1 degree• Supervision of n-1 criteria
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200500
600
700
800
900
1000
Line
flow
[MW
]
0 200 400 600 800 1000 120010
12
14
16
time [s]
Ang
le d
iff. [
degr
ees]
Line 1Line 2
Corridor 1Corridor 2
Swiss grid utility - Phase angle monitoring results
Angle-diff.
Line flow
time
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Swiss grid utility – Reference statements on system performance
1.) The concept of the ABB PMUs RES521 is very user-friendly. It is easy to set the parameters from remote using our central PSGuard workplace in Laufenburg, This means low installation costs, especially when it comes to extensions. Additionally, the accuracy of the frequency measurement is with 1 mHz 10 times higher as indicated in the product specification. Using ABB's PSGuard system we can better and faster trace the dynamic changes in the Swiss high voltage transmission grid. This is of utmost importance , as grid operators win time to take the right decisions under critical operating conditions .
2.) The ABB PSGuard Phase Angle Monitoring module supervises the loading of the Swiss transmission corridor to Italy. There is a direct correlation between the voltage phase angle and the transmitted power.The voltage phase angle difference between the northern and the southern border of Switzerland reflects directly the loading of the corridor. Therefore it provides an useful additional information for our operators as well as for the protection engineers.
Dr. Walter Sattinger, Project Manager PSGuard WAMS IntroductionETRANS / Swiss Grid Coordinator
3.) The results of the Line Thermal Monitoring provide additional accuracy in determining the mean current line temperatures if PMUs are installed on both ends of a line. This opens interesting new possibilities to verify the average line temperature during operation.
Mr. George BossertHead of DispatchingETRANS / Swiss Grid Coordinator
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Line thermal monitoring
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Features & benefits:
• Conductor average temperature calculation
• Real-time assessment of thermal limits based on measured and design parameter of the line
• Assessment of transmission line loadability
• Safe temporal enhancement of transmission capacity
• Dynamic thermal limit adaptation
• Collapse prevention: early warning in case of overload
• Usage of existing transducers / (PMUs)
• Indirect estimation of line sagging
Line thermal monitoring
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DetermineActive and Reactive power losses on the monitored Line
PSGuard - Line Thermal Monitoring – Measurement of Line Losses
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The changes in the average line temperature are estimated using only the electrical quantities measured by PMUIncrease of power transfer 950 MW to 1150 MW ->temperature increase from 46 degrees to 49 degrees in 30 min
Swiss grid utility - Line thermal monitoring
time
Temperature
Line flow
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Line thermal monitoring
• Transfer limit of a line could also be a matter of thermal limit
• Thermal limit usually assumed very conservativei. e. high air temperature, no wind
• Often weather conditions are much better and therefore more transmission will be possible
• Precondition: installation of on-line temperature monitoring!
• PSGuard offers this application, without additional hardware investments
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Line thermal monitoring
Dynamic calculation of actual line-parameter:i.E. ∆T = -30 °C -> I∆RI > 10% (400-kV-line)
Electrical limit: ∆Pmax > 6,5 %
Grid BGrid A
PMUPMU
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Line thermal monitoring
Grid BGrid A
Measurement of:• Current• Voltage
As Phasors (magnitude & phase) synchronized with the Global Positioning System (GPS)
PMUPMU
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Line thermal monitoring
Dynamic calculation of actual line-parameter:i.E. ∆T = -30 °C -> I∆RI > 10% (400-kV-line)
i1 i2
u1= const u2
R+jXL
jXC jXC
s= p +jq
Electrical limit: ∆Pmax > 6,5 %
Grid BGrid A
PMU PMU
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Line thermal monitoring
V1V2
Y
Ys Ys
I1 I2
( )( ) YVVYVI
YVVYVI
s
s
⋅−+⋅=⋅−+⋅=
1222
2111
V1 phasor of the voltage (V1real + j*V1imag) at the line end 1V2 phasor of the voltage (V2real + j*V2imag) at the line end 2I1 phasor of the current (I1real + j*I1imag) injected into end 1I2 phasor of the current (I2real + j*I2imag) injected into end 2
Y line admittanceYs line shunt admittance
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Line thermal monitoring
( )00 TTRR −⋅+= α
( )0
0 TRRT +−
=α
T Line Temperature
R0, T0, α Constants of the line
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US – NERC recommendations : Line thermal monitoring
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Voltage stability monitoring
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Voltage stability monitoring
• Features & benefits:
• Contingency detection
• Early warning against voltage collapses
• Prediction of power system status after each contingency
• Early fault recognition
• Avoid spreading of failures
• Immediate stop of cascading effects
• Preserves transmission capacity
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Voltage stability monitoring
• Online calculation of power margin towards voltage stability limit
• Online & real-time calculation of available transmission capacity
• Secure operation of the transmission system even under congested conditions
• Safe temporal enhancement of line transmission capacity
• Dynamic thermal limit adaptation
• Protection against uprising voltage instabilities
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Transient Voltage Stability Indicator
Voltage stability monitoring
Power-margin
Active Power
10 %
20 %
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time [s]
Detection Time Contingency, ie. line trips
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Transient Voltage Stability Indicator
Voltage stability monitoring
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
ActivePower
Detection Time
140 sec to new stable status
10 %
20 %
Power-margin
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time [s]
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Transient Voltage Stability Indicator
Voltage stability monitoring: Prediction of stable status
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Power-margin
ActivePower
10 %
20 %
140 sec to new stable status
20 s PSGuard predictionDetection Time
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time [s]
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Transient Voltage Stability Indicator
Voltage stability monitoring: benefit for operation
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Power-margin
ActivePower
10 %
20 %
20 s PSGuard : 120 sec security gain
140 sec to new stable status
Detection Time
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time [s]
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Voltage stability monitoring
ObjectivesAssess distance to Point of Maximum Loadability, PML (in MWs)Stay on top section of PV Curve !Trigger emergency actions when Power Margin too small
ApproachesUnder voltage load shedding (classical)Voltage Stability Monitoring of corridor using PSGuard
3 transmissioncorridor V
olta
ge
Power Transfer
*PML
Power Margin
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Conventional solution: Under voltage load shedding
*Level of Load-Shedding
unnecessary load shedding
*
late load shedding=>collapse
*
3
Vtransmission
corridor
Vol
tage
Shed load when V < Vshed
Power TransferLocal measurements
but
Difficult to tune shedding voltage
Does not give information about distance to Point of Maximum Load ability PML
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Voltage stability monitoring by PSGuard
3 2i2v
⇒gE
1i1v
−
+
2v−
+
1v
2i1i
transmissioncorridor
gZ
Parameters calculated from a single set of PMU measurements at two sites
T-equivalent of corridor determined directlyThevenin source calculated from assumption Zg = knownReliable parameter calculation
Rapid response in real-timeDynamic power margin analytically determinedPrecondition: Wide Area Monitoring system like PSGuard
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Voltage stability monitoring by PSGuard
Volta
ge
Line Power Transfer
Line transfer limit adapted to real-time load characteristic!
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Voltage stability monitoring
Area to assess is enclosed by two transfer cuts
Measurements at either side„Representative voltage“ and sum of currents
Calculated QuantitiesApproximate Power Margin (MW)
Feeding equivalent voltage source
Impedance margin
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Voltage stability monitoring
cut 1
cut 2
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PSGuard - Voltage Stability Monitoring
Early warning
Emergency alarm
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PSGuard - Voltage Stability Monitoring
Configurable early warning threshold
Configurable emergency alarm threshold
Point of maximal loadability
•
Actual load
Continuous calculation of P/V curve caracteristics
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US – NERC recommendations : Voltage stability monitoring
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US – NERC recommendations : Voltage stability monitoring
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Power oscillation monitoring
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Features & benefits:
• Detection of oscillation
• Assessment of power system damping
• Oscillation monitoring
• Increased power transfer at defined security
• Early warning to avoid power system collapse
Power oscillation monitoring
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Surat Than
voltage measurement
current measurement
230 kV
115 kV
Bottleneck in transmission corridor
Limit due to concerns about power oscillations,
The origin, amplitude, frequency, usual duration and damping of oscillations are not known.-> PSGuard provides this information
-> Oscillations are known and generation settings can be adapted exactly according current situation
Power oscillation monitoring
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Frequency stability monitoring
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Frequency stability monitoring
Features & benefits:
• Based on real-time snapshots of phasors(dynamic values)
• Prediction of power system status (frequency) after each contingency, enabling to recognize collapses at earlystage and initiating countermeasures
• Detection of disproportion between consumed and generated power in real-time
• Fast reactions to sudden power shortage helping to stabilize the power system and avoid blackouts
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Frequency stability monitoring
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US – NERC recommendations: Frequency stability monitoring
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Advanced control
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Advanced control
Features:
• Evaluating and performing the most suitable actions based on information from stability assessment applications
• Automatic actions for system protection
• Automatic action for transmission corridor optimization
• Dynamic set point determination for FACTS / Wide Area control
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Features & benefits
• Continuous display of relevant information
• Operator warning & alarm generation
• Suggestion of most suitable operation to come out ofprevailing emergency cases
• Operator guidance by suggesting control actions tokeep power system in safe and stable position
• Fast and appropriate reactions to disturbances bythe operator
Advanced control
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US – NERC recommendations: Advanced control
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PSGuard: Ready to protect your transmission capacity
Contact us: [email protected]