psyc 125 human development - napa valley · pdf file · 2014-08-06psyc 125 human...

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PSYC 125 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

4/23/2013 LECTURE 10: Early Adulthood:

Socioemotional Development

Dr. Bart Moore [email protected]

Office hours Tuesdays 11:00-1:00 Office: 1031G

4/23/2013 Early Adulthood 2: Lecture Outline

•  Attraction, love, and close relationships

•  Adult lifestyles:

–  Relationship statuses:

• single

• cohabitation

• marriage

–  Parenthood

Questions? Material? Course business?

Practice question

•  In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is:

A)  holding a permanent, full-time job

B)  moving into one’s own home

C)  getting married

D)  having a child

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Practice question

•  Most of us reach our peak physical performance:

A)  often between the ages of 15 and 22

B)  before the age of 20

C)  before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26

D)  before the age of 22, often between the ages of 14 and 19





• single

• cohabitation

• marriage

–  Parenthood

Attraction, Love, and Close Relationships

•  Attraction

–  Attraction needs Familiarity and similarity

• Familiarity is necessary for a close relationship to develop

• People seek others who have similar attitudes, values, and lifestyles

• Consensual validation: Our own attitudes and values are supported when someone else’s are similar to ours


•  Attraction

–  Physical attractiveness

• The criteria for beauty can differ

• Standards of what is attractive change over time and across cultures

• Matching hypothesis: We choose partners who match our own level of attractiveness

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•  The faces of love

–  Intimacy

• Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts

• Erikson - Intimacy vs. isolation

•  Intimacy is finding oneself while losing oneself in another person

• Failure to achieve intimacy results in social isolation

•  Intimacy and independence

• Balance between intimacy and commitment, and independence and freedom


•  The faces of love

–  Romantic love: Passionate love, or eros

• Strong components sexual desire and infatuation (intense but brief passion)

–  Affectionate love: Companionate love

• Desire for closeness & companionship

• deep and caring affection

–  Consummate love: Strongest form of love

• Complete love:

• Passion, Intimacy, & Compassion

Robert Sternberg’s Triangle of Love

Intelligence

•  Types of intelligence?

–  Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

• Analytical intelligence

• Judge, compare contrast

• Creative intelligence

•  Imagine, create, invent

• Practical intelligence

• Practice and perform activities

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Attraction, Love, and Close Relationships •  Falling out of love may occur if:

• Your partner repeatedly betrays your trust

• Your partner is draining you emotionally

• Your partner does not return your feelings

• You become depressed or are preoccupied with other activities





• single

• cohabitation

• marriage

–  Parenthood

Adult Lifestyles: Single

–  Advantages to remaining single

• Freedom to make autonomous decisions

• Time and ability to pursue one’s own:

• Goals

•  Interests

• Time to develop personal resources to meet goals

• Opportunities to explore new places and try out new things

• Privacy

Adult Lifestyles

•  Being single: Common problems

• Trouble forming intimate relationships with other adults

• Confronting loneliness

• Finding a place in a society that is marriage-oriented

–  Stereotypes associated with being single range from:

• “Swinging single” to the “desperately lonely” single

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Adult Lifestyles: Cohabitation

•  Cohabiting adults

–  Living together in a sexual relationship without being married

–  Reasons for cohabiting

• Spend time together

• Share expenses

• Evaluate compatibility

–  BUT! Generally lower marital satisfaction and increased likelihood of divorce

The Increase in Cohabitation in the United States

Adult Lifestyles: Marriage

•  Marriage

–  Marital trends

• Marriage rates in the U.S. have declined in recent years

• Marriage in adolescence is more likely to end in divorce

•  In 2011, the U.S. average age for a first marriage climbed to 28.7 years for men and 26.5 years for women


•  Married adults

–  Benefits of a good marriage

• Happily married people live longer, healthier lives

• Feel less physical and emotional stress

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•  Premarital education

–  Focuses on relationship advice

–  Occurs in a group

• Different from premarital counseling

–  Ranges from 2 - 20 hours

–  Pros: Lower risk of subsequent marital distress and divorce!

–  Cons: costs time and money


Adult Lifestyles: Marriage –  Cultural aspects of marriage vary widely

• Domesticity (home life) is valued in some cultures but not others

• Religion plays an important role in many cultures

• Age of marriage may depend on local rules (16-19 in USA, 20-22 in China)

Percentage of Married Persons Age 18 and Older with “Very Happy” Marriages

Adult Lifestyles: Marriage Divorce

•  Divorce factors:

• Youthful marriage

• Low educational level

• Low income level

• Not having a religious affiliation

• Having divorced parents

• Having a baby before marriage

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The Divorce Rate in Relation to Number of Years Married

Marriage and the Family

•  Dealing with divorce

–  Divorced adults:

• Difficulty in trusting someone else in a romantic relationship


–  Six pathways in exiting divorce

• The enhancers

• The “good-enoughs”

• The seekers

• The libertines

• The competent loners

• The defeated

Adult Lifestyles

•  Remarried adults

–  Remarriage occurs sooner for partners who initiate a divorce

–  BUT, second marriages are generally less stable than first marriages

• Have higher rates of depression but improved financial status

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•  Making marriage work!

–  7 principles of a working marriage

• Nurturing fondness and admiration

• Turning toward each other instead of away

• Letting your partner influence you • (share power)

• Solving solvable conflicts

• Overcoming perpetual problems (gridlock)

• Creating shared meaning • Pursue shared goals

• Establishing ‘love maps’ • Care about the details of your partners life

Chapter Outline

• Gay and lesbian individuals also participate in each of these Relationship statuses:

–  Single

–  Cohabitating

–  Married (some states, countries)

Chapter Outline

• OUTLINE


•  Common myths about parenthood

–  The birth of a child will save a failing marriage

–  Having a child gives the parents a “second chance” at achievement

–  Parenting is an instinct and requires no training

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•  US Mothers are waiting longer for babies!

–  Average age in 2001 = 21, 2008 = 25

•  They are also having fewer children

–  women free up a significant portion of their life spans for other endeavors

–  Men are more apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering

–  Parental care is often supplemented by institutional care


•  Gay and lesbian couples are having more children:

Adult Lifestyles

•  Gay and lesbian adults

–  Are similar to heterosexual relationships in satisfactions and conflicts

–  Misconceptions:

• Strict masculine/feminine roles are relatively uncommon

• Small segment of the gay male population has a large number of sexual partners

• Gay male couples have an open relationship while lesbian couples usually do not

Gender, Relationships, and Self-Development

•  Gender and communication

–  Two ways of communications

• Rapport talk: Language of conversation

• Way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships

• Report talk: Talk that is designed to give information

•  Includes public speaking

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•  Women’s development

–  Place high value on relationships and focus on nurturing connections with others

–  It is important to maintain competency in relationships and be self-motivated

–  More relationship-oriented


•  Men’s development

–  Role-strain view - Male roles are contradictory and inconsistent

• Experience stress when they violate men’s roles and when they act in accord with men’s roles

–  Men experience considerable stress in:

• Health

• Male-female relationships

• Male-male relationships

Questions? Material? Course business?

psyc 125 human development - napa valley · pdf file · 2014-08-06psyc 125 human...

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