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Q2. Kerckhoff & Davis did a study investigating the Filter theory. Which of the following criticisms of this study are correct?
a. It had high external validity because it used real life couples
b. It used self reportc. It used a variety of participants from different
backgroundsd. a & ce. a & b
Q3. The Reward-Need Satisfaction Theory states that relationships are formed if people ....
a. Have the same needs which are fulfilled
b. Have unmet needs which are fulfilled.
c. Meet each other’s needs
d. Both b & c
Q5. what is the difference between exchange r’ships and communal r’ships in regards to the types of rewards they provide? (Clark and Mills. 1979)
Q7. Synoptic points for the Reward-need satisfaction theory are …….
a. Reductionist b. Deterministic
c. Ethical issues d. Culturally biased
f. a, b & de. b, c & d
Q11. Which theory can be said to have extended the Social Exchange Theory?
Bonus point if you can name two…..
Q12. Which of the following criticisms are relevant to the Social Exchange Theory
a. Ethical issues b. Culture bias
c. Nature-nurture d. Both a & b
Q17. Western relationships are more likely to be
a. Voluntary & permanent
b. Voluntary & temporary
c. Non-voluntary & permanent
d. Non-voluntary & temporary
Q18. The voluntary nature of relationships may be related to
a. Social mobility
b. Urbanization
c. The media d. All of the above
Q19. People in arranged marriages are
a. Less likely to divorce
b. Likely to report they have fallen in love
c. Both a & b d. Neither a nor b
Q30. What were the findings of Hazen and Shaver’s research into attachment styles and adult r’ships?
Question 1
• The three filters in the Filter theory are:1. Similarity of social and demographic factors.2. Similarity of attitudes and values.3. Complementing our emotional needs?
Question 2
• Kerckhoff & Davis did a study investigating the Filter theory. Which of the following criticisms of this study are correct?– E. Both a & b – it had high external validity and it used self report.
Question 3
• The Reward-Need Satisfaction Theory states that relationships are formed if people ....– D. Both b & c – have unmet needs which are fulfilled and
meet each other’s needs.
Question 5
• Communal r’ships= as r’ship progresses, rewards given as desire to please than the desire for payback
• Exchange r’ships= new r’ship, exchange rewards on a tit for tat basis
Question 6
• Festinger= proximity as a factor which affects formation
• Liking people who are nearby• Close friends= 41% next door neighbour• 22%= two doors down• 10%= opposite end of hallway
Question 7
• Synoptic points for the RNS theory:– E: b, c, d: Deterministic, reductionist, culturally
biased.
Question 10
• Comparison Level:– Comparing current relationship to previous
relationships and general expectation of how rewarding relationships are.
• Comparison Level for alternatives:– Comparing current relationship to what else is on
offer.
Question 11
• Which theory can be said to have extended the SET?– Rusbult’s Investment Model– Walster’s Equity Theory
Question 13
• Rollie & Duck’s six phases:– Breakdown– Intra-psychic phase– Dyadic phase– Social phase– Grave dressing phase– Resurrection phase
Question 14
• One study backing up Rollie & Duck:– Tashiro & Frazier: – Surveyed undergraduates who had recently broken up
with partner– Students reported having experienced both emotional
distress and personal growth.– Breaking up taught them important insights.– Grave dressing allowed them to put original relationship to
rest.– Support for phase 5-6.
Question 16
• Important difference between Lee and Rollie & Duck:– Lee’s model offers more scope for saving the
relationship – includes a dedicated phase for ‘attempts to resolve problems’.
– More positive model with greater hope for change.
– Ressurection- reframing of past relational life
Question 18
• The voluntary nature of relationships may be related to:– D. All of the above (Social mobility, urbanization
and the media)
Question 19
• People in arranged marriages are– C. Both a & b: Less likely to divorce, likely to
report they have fallen in love.
Question 21
• Males produce a lot of high mobile sperm• Fertilise many women• Favour behaviours that maximise number of
pregnancies• Male competition• Males seek partners who display signs of
fertility
Question 22
• Women= hour glass figure, youthful looks, symmetrical face,
• men= v shape, symmetrical face, strong jaw line,
Question 24
• Any investment by the parent in an individual offspring that increases the offspring’s chance of surviving at the cost of the parents ability to invest in other offspring
Question 25
• Women= large investment, breast feeding, childbirth, carry baby for 9 months
• Men= don’t invest as much, risk of cuckoldry, invest more in terms of money and protection
Question 26
• Investing in offspring that are not their own• Don’t want to waste resources• Concern for males
Question 27
• Conflict between parent and child as to when child should be weaned
• Child wants investment (attention, love etc) for as long as possible
• Don’t want to lose out on resources to other offspring
Question 28
• Individual offspring want more than there fair share of resources at the expense of their siblings in order to maximise their own fitness
• Compete for attention and resources
Question 29
• Type and quality of r’ship that an individual has with their primary caregiver provides the foundation for adult r’ships
Question 30
• Strong r’ship between childhood attachment type and adulthood attachment type
• If you were securely attached you more likely to establish trusting, stable r’ships