1. Which of the following is reduced during a fight-or-flight reaction? A. Adrenaline level B. Glucose level C. Respiration rate D. Heart rate E. Digestion

2. Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-

being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary’s perseverance in the program is that exercise

A. Reduces her level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B. Reduces her level of acetylcholine C. Reduces her level of glutamate D. Increases her level of teratogens E. Increases her level of endorphins

3. Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

A. Amygdala B. Hippocampus C. Cerebellum D. Pituitary gland E. Lateral ventricle

4. Which of the following assertions is best supported by empirical evidence?

A. The two cerebral hemispheres are specialized to process different types of cognitive tasks. B. Schools should be reformed to better teach skills that are processed in the right hemisphere. C. Human brains are fully formed at birth. D. Some people are right-brained, while others are left-brained. E. People only use 10% of their brains.

5. Electrically stimulating a rat’s amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

A. Calmness B. A coma C. Memory loss D. Aggression E. Sleep

6. Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been shown to reduce depression primarily by

A. Blocking receptor sites and decreasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain B. Blocking activity of monoamine oxidase in the brain C. Blocking reuptake and increasing the level of serotonin in the synapses D. Mimicking neurotransmitters in receptor sites and increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain

7. An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a

sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find A. An abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere B. An increase in brain activity in the left frontal lobe C. An increase in blood flow to the right hemisphere D. An abnormal growth in the right frontal lobe.

8. Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep-coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

A. Hypothalamus B. Frontal lobe C. Reticular formation D. Amygdala E. Thalamus

9. What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

A. Estrogen B. Testosterone C. Melatonin D. Insulin E. Leptin

10. When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while

they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain’s ability to form new memories in the A. Reticular formation B. Occipital lobe C. Parietal lobe D. Thalamus E. Hippocampus

11. Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed

a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

A. Angular gyrus B. Hippocampus C. Parasympathetic nervous system D. Sympathetic nervous system E. Vestibular system

12. If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the

brain? A. Left occipital lobe B. Left parietal lobe C. Right frontal lobe D. Right parietal lobe E. Right occipital lobe

13. Damage to the right cerebral hemisphere would cause which of the following tasks to become more

A. Writing a persuasive speech B. Solving complex physics equations C. Painting a landscape D. Completing a tax return E. Delivering a speech

14. A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

A. Electroencephalography (EEG) B. Computed tomography (CT) C. Positron-emission tomography (PET) D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

15. Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

A. The action potential B. The threshold difference C. Specific energy of the nerve D. The absolute refractory phase E. Depolarization

16. The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the symptoms of

Alzheimer’s disease? A. Dopamine B. Acetylcholine C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D. Serotonin E. Norepinephrine

17. The function of dendrites is to

A. Receive formation from other neurons B. Secrete neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic neuron C. Provide energy for the synthesis of acetylcholine D. Connect the cell body with the terminal branches E. Speed up transmission of synaptic neurotransmitters

18. Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by

A. Afferent neurons B. Schwann cells C. T cells D. Efferent neurons E. Neuroglia

19. Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?

A. The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside B. The outside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the inside C. The concentration of sodium ions is equal D. Both the sodium and the potassium channels are open E. The neuron is not polarized

20. Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true

about the withdrawal of her hand? A. It was initiated in the motor cortex. B. It was initiated in the spinal cord. C. It was a voluntary behavior. D. It was due to instructions from the brain. E. It was an operantly conditioned response.

21. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A. An increase in pupil dilation B. An increase in respiratory rate C. A decrease in digestion D. A decrease in salivation E. A decrease in heart rate

22. Metabolic activity in different in different areas of the brain can best be visualized by means of A. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) B. Computerized tomography (CT) C. Positron emission tomography (PET) D. Electroencephalography (EEG) E. Electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

23. Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

A. Circulatory B. Skeletal C. Respiratory D. Renal E. Endocrine

24. The occipital lobe of the human brain contains the centers for

A. Hearing B. Vision C. Olfaction D. Tactile sensation E. Taste

25. Joseph has blue eyes and brown hair and is tall. These characteristics are best described as

A. Recessive genes B. Dominant genes C. Mutations D. Genotypic traits E. Phenotypic traits

26. Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

A. Somatic...endocrine and exocrine B. Central...somatic and sympathetic C. Autonomic ...sympathetic and parasympathetic D. Sympathetic...parasympathetic and autonomic E. Peripheral...central nervous system and the spinal cord

27. Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an

A. Antagonist B. Agonist C. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) D. Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) E. Excitatory neurotransmitter

28. An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the

A. Left visual cortex B. Right visual cortex C. Right side of the left retina D. Left side of right retina E. Sensory cortex

29. Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia? A. Acetylcholine B. Dopamine C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) D. Norepinephrine E. Serotonin

30. Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance

of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear? A. Hippocampus B. Thalamus C. Cerebellum D. Hypothalamus E. Amygdala

31. In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living

human brain to examine activity? A. Lesioning B. Electroencephalogram (EEG) C. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) D. Positron-emission tomography (PET) E. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

32. Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on:

a. Night vision.

b. Peripheral vision.

c. Visual acuity.

d. Sensory adaptation.

e. Kinesthesis.

33. When looking at the hands of a clock showing 8 o’clock, certain brain cells in the visual cortex are more

responsive than when the hands show 10 o’clock. This is most indicative of:

a. Sensory interaction.

b. Feature detection.

c. Parallel processing.

d. Perceptual adaptation.

e. Accommodation.

34. The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates:

a. Subliminal perception.

b. Kinesthesis.

c. Accommodation.

d. Sensory adaptation.

e. Parallel processing.

35. Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster

ride?

a. Olfactory receptors

b. Feature detectors

c. Basilar membrances

d. Semicircular canals

e. Tempanic membrane

36. With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refers to a time interval in which:

a. A neuron fires more rapidly than usual.

b. An electrical charge travels from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron.

c. Positively charged ions are pumped back outside a neural membrane.

d. An individual reflexively withdraws from a pain stimulus.

e. Dendrites transmit more electrical signals to axons.

37. Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as:

a. Dopamine

b. Epinephrine.

c. Acetylcholine.

d. Insulin.

e. Endorphin.

38. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the:

a. Limbic system.

b. Sensory cortex.

c. Reticular formation.

d. Association areas.

e. Sympathetic nervous system.

39. A child’s temperament is likely to be:

a. Difficult to observe.

b. Stable over time.

c. A product of parenting style.

d. A reflection of his or her gender schema.

e. Different as an infant than as a teenager.

40. Gender differences in heritable personality traits cannot necessarily be attributed to male-female genetic

differences because:

a. Physical maturation proceeds at a different rate for males and females.

b. Variations in temperament contribute to gender differences.

c. Heritable traits can be influenced by social enviornments.

d. Males and females are also affected by their different sex hormones.

e. Chromosomal adaptation has not been accounted for.

41. After Terry lost a finger in an industrial accident, the area of his sensory cortex devoted to receiving input from

that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his adjacent fingers. This best illustrates:

a. Phrenology

b. Aphasia

c. Hemispherectomy.

d. Plasticity.

e. Tomography.

42. The green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to Sam. This illustrates

the importance of:

a. Difference thresholds.

b. Sensory Adaptation.

c. Equilibrium.

d. Sensory interaction.

e. Accommodation.

43. The function of dendrites is to:

a. Receive incoming signals from other neurons.

b. Release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons.

c. Coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

d. Control pain throught he rrlease of opiate-like chemicals into the brain.

e. Transmit signals to other neurons.

44. Reuptake refers to the:

a. Movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap.

b. Release of hormones into the bloodstream.

c. Inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane.

d. Reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron.

e. The ending of the refractory period.

1. E- Digestion slows down so that more energy can be focused on preparing your body to fight whatever threat is

in front of you. Your body increases its heart rate and respiratory rate so that you can get more blood and

oxygen to your muscles, preparing them to either help you fight or run. Additional, your adrenaline level would

increase, helping you to facilitate those physiological changes.

2. E- Endorphins are primarily responsible for blocking pain signals when you are hurt, but they also can create

feelings of euphoria, such as a “runner’s high” after a workout. However, most other forms of pleasure are

generated by the neurotransmitter Dopamine.

3. C- Any type of fine motor coordination is controlled by the Cerebellum. This would include typing on a

keyboard, writing with a pencil, eating with a chopstick, and any other type of physical skill that doesn’t feel

“natural” when you first do it. It is in the Cerebellum that knowledge of these physical skills is stored, allowing

them to become “automatic” upon lots of practice.

4. A- To say that people are “right-brained” or “left-brained” is too great of a generality. We all use both

hemispheres of our cerebrum. What is true, however, is that certain cognitive skills seem to be processed

primarily in one particular hemisphere. For instance, the part of the cerebral cortex dedicated to speech is

located in the left hemisphere for 90% of the population. In the right hemisphere, particular skills utilized in

identifying facial expressions and creative expression can be found.

5. D- This one should be easy for you. The amygdala is responsible for fear and aggression. Interestingly, rats who

have a non-functioning amygdala show no fear around cats. They will walk right up to them. As such, it should

be obvious that experiencing fear provides us with a survival advantage. It keeps us away from things that might

prematurely end our lives. Yay for fear!

6. C- Key here is the word “Depression.” You should know that serotonin is the neurotransmitter associated with

your mood and with that disorder. That should allow you to rule out all the other choices. Additionally, it

doesn’t hurt to know that depression is associated with a lack of serotonin. Thus, medications to treat

depression are geared to increase the amount of that neurotransmitter in the synapse. This is most frequently

done by preventing the terminal button from reuptaking (vacuuming) the neurotransmitters back up after being

used.

7. A- You should be aware that the feeling of touch for the right side of the body would be controlled by the

somatosensory cortex of the left hemisphere. Additionally, speech is also usually a function of the left

hemisphere. That should get you down to choices A & B. And since the scan being used is an MRI, you would

only be getting the structure of the brain, and not the function or activity of the brain (tricky I know!). This

allows you to rule out choice B.

8. C- The reticular formation is what determines if you are conscious or unconscious. That is basically all it does

and all you need to know about it. Easy Peasy!

9. B- Know that Testosterone is associated with sex drive, aggression, development of male sex characteristics, and

the development of what are typically considered “masculine” physical traits (body hair, broad shoulders,

defined brow line, etc).

10. E- If something is asking about processing memory, always go with the hippocampus. It codes information for

storage into long-term memory. Also, know that memories are stored on the Association Areas of the Cerebral

Cortex. This includes personal memories of your life, facts that you have learned in class, and different learned

associations between stimuli in your environment (Think classical conditioning-i.e. little albert learning to

associate the cute bunny with the scary noise). Finally, just an interesting fact, the reason that alcohol slows

down or inhibits the hippocampus is because it helps release large amounts of GABA, an inhibitory

neurotransmitter that puts the breaks on neural activity in regions where it is released. Know that GABA is

inhibitory and slows things down.

11. D- Know the Sympathetic Nervous system. Seriously. This term pops up all over AP exams. Basically, it gets

your body amped up to respond to dangerous situations. By dilating your pupils, you take in more light to see

around you better. Your heart rate accelerates to get more blood to your muscles. Some of the other

physiological changes activated by the Sympathetic Nervous system are mentioned in an earlier question. Also,

know that the parasympathetic nervous system reverses this changes once the danger passes. It calms you back

down.

12. D- The sense of touch for the left arm can be found in the right hemisphere. More specifically, it can be found

on the Strip of the parietal lobe called the somatosensory cortex. Know that the parietal lobe also is responsible

for general spatial awareness.

13. C- Math, Logic, and Language all tend to be predominately focused in the left hemisphere. Writing a speech

would use language and logic. Doing a tax return would require math skills. Giving a speech would obviously

require the use of language, and doing physics requires math and logic. All of those choices are clearly rooted in

the left hemisphere. That leaves you with painting, which requires creativity- a characteristic predominantly

determined by ones’ right hemisphere.

14. A- Electrodes are placed around your scalp to gather the general electromagnetic waves being emitted as a

result of the activity of the brain. The EEG gives you the overall “hum” of your brain and lets researchers know

how generally active the whole system is. It is most useful for sleep studies. Unfortunately, it doesn’t provide

you with information about where in the brain that activity is occurring. To get more specific information about

brain function, you would need to do a PET scan or an fMRI. Also, every other type of scan listed as a choice,

requires you to be placed in a large machine, so they can all be ruled out.

15. D- Once a neuron fires an action potential, the axon has to repolarize to get back to a -70 millivolt charge

relative to the area outside of the cell membrane. This is called a refractory period, and a neuron is just

incapable of firing another action potential. It is analogous to a toilet tank filling up with water after being

flushed. It can’t flush again until that process is complete.

16. B- So, the primary purpose of Acetylcholine is in voluntary muscle movements. It is found at every point in

which the nervous system connects to muscles. It is essential to making a muscle contract. However, it is also

used in the brain to help with learning and memory. Given that Alzheimer’s is associated with faulty cognitive

functioning and a loss of memories, it is implicated in the progression of that disease. Also, looking at the

choices, I just want to add that you should consider norepinephrine to be synonymous with adrenaline. Just

something that’s good to know.

17. A- Remember, the terminal button of one neuron releases neurotransmitters across the synapse to the

dendrite of another neuron. Once enough of those neurotransmitters have bound themselves to receptor sites

(we call this amount the “threshold”), the neuron fires. The direction of the firing takes an impulse from the

dendrites across the cell body/soma, down the axon, and down the terminal branches to the terminal buttons.

One cool fact is that neurons can have crud-tons of terminal branches, allowing one neuron to connect to

hundreds of other neurons. The possible connections are endless!

18. A- Remember, “Afferent neurons” bring information to the central nervous system. Just remember that the “A”

stands for “Arriving.” And what are they bringing to the central nervous system? Sensory information of course,

which is why they are also called sensory neurons. Efferent neurons are the ones that then carry the signals

from the brain to the muscles to control movements. The “E” stands for “Exiting” the brain. Since they control

muscles, they are also called “motor neurons.”

19. A- A neuron sits at a -70 millivolt charge relative to the area outside of it’s membrane. This is called its resting

potential. When an action potential begins, sodium ions flood in bringing the charge closer to 0. This is called

depolarization. And it is those sodium ions that conduct the electrical signal across the neuron. Once, this is

finished, the neuron repolarizes by pumping the sodium back outside the cell membrane until it returns to its -

70 millivolt differential.

20. B- So, this one is tricky. You’ve been taught that voluntary motion of your muscles is controlled by your

muscles, so “A” seems tempting. But, remember that reflexes are not voluntary, so it can’t be initiated by your

motor cortex. So what is going on? Well, when you experience a stimulus that is perceived as dangerous, a

sensory neuron sends that information to an interneuron on the spinal cord. The spinal cord can detect the

urgency of the data and flip it around to a motor neuron before the information is even sent to the brain. It

keeps us safe, and its also why people with spinal cord injuries that prevent them from voluntarily controlling

their legs, can exhbit physical reflexes in those parts of their bodies when exposed to particular stimuli.

21. E- I think that we’ve already went over this in previous questions. The only one of those symptoms that is

calming your body back down is the lowering of your heart rate. Two of the other ones are amping your body

up, which is done by the sympathetic nervous system, and not the parasympathetic nervous system. The other

two choices involve slowing down the digestive process, something that happens when fight-or-flight kicks in,

which is done by the sympathetic nervous system as well. The parasympathetic nervous system is what calms

your body back down and gets digestion rolling again after a threat has subsided.

22. C- Remember, a CT and an MRI only show you the structure of your brain. An EEG, PET, and an fMRI all show

you the activity of your brain. Of those the PET scan works by injecting radioactive glucose into your

bloodstream. Brain cells metabolize (consume) glucose when they are active, and thus that radioactive glucose

predominantly makes its way to the more active areas of the brain. Thus, by detecting the radiation being

emitted from different parts of your brain where that glucose is being metabolized, you can see where all the

activity is at. And as a test to see if anyone is actually reading all this or if I’m making this for nothing, tell me

your favorite cartoon character sometime during the day. Thanks!

23. E- Glands are a distinctive feature of the endocrine system. Remember, glands secrete hormones into the

bloodstream to cause changes throughout the body. And know that this system of communication is controlled

by the master gland, the Pituitary, which is in turn controlled by the Hypothalamus in the brain.

24. B- The occipital lobe contains the visual cortex. The right visual cortex processes the left side of your visual

field, and the left visual cortex processes the right side of your visual field. You want to know that.

25. E- Your phenotype is what you actually see. For instance, you have blue eyes, brown hair, and are tall. The

genotype is your genetic blueprint that is causing the phenotype. One phenotype can have multiple genotypes.

For instance, if blue eyes were dominant, than a genotype of Bb or BB would yield the same phenotype. Also,

know that your phenotype can be altered by your environment. For instance, if you have a genotype for freckles

but are never exposed to the sun like Boo Radley, you will be unlikely to develop freckles.

26. C- The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system handles things that happen “automatically.” If

you’ve even been frightened, you’d know that the increased heart rate, perspiration and rapid breathing all

happen automatically and outside of your control thanks to the sympathetic nervous system. The

parasympathetic then calms you down automatically.

27. A- We didn’t really hit on this, but its good to know. Some substances can mimic a neurotransmitter and bind

the receptor site for that neurotransmitter. The body can’t tell the difference between the actual

neurotransmitter and the imposter. Thus, the imposters can cause the neuron to fire. These imposters are

called agonists, and morphine is an example of an agonist for endorphins. Other substances can bind to

receptor sites, but they don’t cause a neuron to fire, they just occupy the space and prevent the actual

neurotransmitters from binding. Thus, the neurons can’t fire. These are called antagonists. It is like they are

pissing off and antagonizing the actual neurotransmitters who can no longer do their job. It would be like if

someone came to your house stuck a copy of your key into the lock and then broke it off so your own key

wouldn’t be able to go into the lock. Curare is an antagonist for acetylcholine, and prevents acetylcholine from

performing its vital role of allowing voluntary muscle movements to happen.

28. B- Whatever is to the left of your visual field is processed in your right hemisphere and vice-versa. It is NOT that

your right eye is processed in your left hemisphere. Each eye can see information on both the right and left side

of your visual field. If asked a question about this on a test in regards to a split-brain patient, create a diagram.

Trust me, it will help you!

29. B- Too much dopamine is associated with the hallucinations and delusions of Schizophrenia. Similarly, Cocaine

causes massive releases of dopamine and causes similar hallucinations and delusions. On the flip side, not

having enough dopamine is associated with having Parkinson’s disease. And, as a side note, the medication

used to bring down dopamine levels in individuals with schizophrenia can induce symptoms of Parkinson’s

disease in schizophrenics.

30. E- “Emotion” & “Fear” are the key words- This is talking about your amygdala.

31. D- See the response for 23.

32. C- Remember that your rods and cones are found on your retina and transduce light energy into neural

impulses. The center of your retina is called the fovea, and it is where most of the light is focused. Your cones

(which provide you with higher-definition images) are clustered on the fovea, thus providing you with more

visual acuity (i.e. clarity). Know that rods are found around the fovea and provide you with peripheral vision,

which is your ability to see around the edges, or periphery, of your visual field. Rods provide lower-definition

images thus, the edges of our visual field are always kind of blurry.

33. B- Feature detectors are small clusters of neurons in your visual cortex that allow you to notice commonly

occurring angles and shapes. Some angles and shapes are more readily identified than others.

34. E- Parallel processing is the simultaneous processing of multiple things at the same time. It contrasts with serial

processing, which is where one thing is processed at a time in a sequential manner (A then B then C then D).

With parallel processing, A,B,C, & D would all be processed at the same time and then brought together into the

final product. It demonstrates the complexity of our minds.

35. D- You should know that the Semicircular canals provide information to the brain that makes up our Vestibular

Sense. Our vestibular sense is our ability to know how our body is oriented in space. Are we standing up, laying

down, upside down, moving or still. Gravity pulls down on fluid in the canals, which provides the needed

information. The info is then sent to the Cerebellum where it is processed. Please, please, please know the

difference between the Vestibular sense and the Kinesthetic sense! The kinesthetic sense is your ability to know

where JUST your limbs (arms and legs) are in space without looking at them. You have proprioceptors in your

muscles that send the needed information about your limbs to your brain.

36. C- The resting state of a neuron’s axon is -70mV. When an action potential is fired, the axon depolarizes and

allows positively charged sodium ions rushing in. After the electrical charge passes down the axon, it has to

pump out all those positively charged sodium ions to return to its -70 charge. That repolarization period is

known as a refractory period, and the neuron cannot fire again until it is complete.

37. C- See the answer for #16. If it involves physical muscle movements, Acetylcholine will ALWAYS be the answer.

38. D- Remember, memories are STORED on the association areas of the cerebral cortex. It is like the hard drive of

the brain. Certain parts of the cerebral cortex have very specific purposes, like the motor cortex, the visual

cortex, or the auditory cortex. The rest of the cortex, about 90% of its surface area, are called association areas.

Just know that they are were learned associations and memories are stored.

39. B- Know that adoptee studies and identical twin studies have shown us that temperament, personality, and

intelligence all have a significant genetic component. They are determined by nature. Religious beliefs and

political beliefs are largely influenced by environment. Also, if you aren’t sure what temperament is- it is your

overall disposition towards life (how “easy-going” or “difficult” of a person you are). It doesn’t really change

from the moment of your birth.

40. C- Your genetic predispositions matter, but so does your environment. Boys are constantly told to be

aggressive, assertive, and that they can’t always control their impulses. The old, ridiculous adage of “boys will

be boys” sums this up. So, if there is a general difference between boys and girls in terms of aggressiveness, it is

VERY difficult to discern how much of it is your social environment versus how much of it is due to your genes.

41. D- Plasticity refers to your brain’s ability to “rewire” itself after an injury. It won’t recreate new brain cells to fix

the damaged part of your brain. Instead, it will just reorganize the neurons around the damaged area to try and

compensate for your damage. Your brain has its highest amount of plasticity when you are young and gradually

dissipates as you age. Thus, a child is much better suited to recover from a brain injury than an adult. In terms

of brain injuries, you also have more plasticity immediately after the injury than months or years later. Thus, it

is important to begin therapy right away to regain lost abilities. Also, FYI cause it comes up a lot as a choice, a

hemispherectomy is the procedure when one hemisphere of your brain is removed. Its usually done in very

young children who are having dangerous problems with seizures.

42. B- Sensory adaptation refers to your different senses coming together to impact how your perceive someone.

For instance, when you eat, the flavor you taste is a combination of both your taste buds and the chemicals

picked up by your nose. Food just doesn’t taste as good when you’re sick. Also, you can all probably relate to a

time when a type of food that you really like just didn’t seem appetizing to you because of how it was prepared.

Synesthesia, where your senses cross with one another (we talked about it in regular psychology) would be

another example.

43. A- Dendrites have receptor sites on them for receiving neurotransmitters released by the terminal button of an

adjacent neuron. The signal then crosses the cell body to the axon, which fires an action potential.

44. D- This was talked about in an earlier question, I think.