psychology. definition the scientific study of behavior & mental processes some psychologists...

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION TO

PSYCHOLOGY

DEFINITIONThe scientific study of behavior & mental processes

some psychologists (behaviorists) focus on observable behavior, while others focus on fantasies, feelings, dreams, etc. all systematic!

SCIENTIFIC METHODIdentify problem/question

formulate hypothesis (educated guess or idea)

collect data through observation & measurement

analyze data to prove/disprove hypothesis theory (complex explanation based on numerous studies)

Page 4: PSYCHOLOGY. DEFINITION The scientific study of behavior & mental processes some psychologists (behaviorists) focus on observable behavior, while others

SOME PSYCHOLOGISTS…focus on influencing/ controlling

behavior in a helpful way (counselors, therapists, etc)

research to better understand behavior in animals & humans (basic science)

use accepted theories & ideas to solve problems (applied science)

Page 5: PSYCHOLOGY. DEFINITION The scientific study of behavior & mental processes some psychologists (behaviorists) focus on observable behavior, while others

HISTORICAL INFLUENCES16th century Scientific Revolution –

Copernicus & Galileo: planets revolve around the sun – founders of Scientific Method

Descartes: idea that mind & body influence one another to create experiences behavior is linked to our nervous system

19th century – Wundt (& James) – founders of Psychology

Page 6: PSYCHOLOGY. DEFINITION The scientific study of behavior & mental processes some psychologists (behaviorists) focus on observable behavior, while others

WILHELM WUNDT1879 – Wilhelm Wundt starts 1st

Laboratory of Psych. to study how human mind works

Structuralism: school of psych. devoted to answering basic questions

introspection – what happens in the human mind

Wundt collected reports from human subjects on why they behaved a certain way or what they were thinking when they made decisions (NOT behaviorism b/c can’t be seen)

Page 7: PSYCHOLOGY. DEFINITION The scientific study of behavior & mental processes some psychologists (behaviorists) focus on observable behavior, while others

WILLIAM JAMES

1890 – William James wrote Principles of Psychology to explain conscious decisions & purpose of behavior

believed humans behaved the way they did in order to survive – every behavior has a goal

Page 8: PSYCHOLOGY. DEFINITION The scientific study of behavior & mental processes some psychologists (behaviorists) focus on observable behavior, while others

OTHER IMPORTANT PSYCHOLOGISTSSigmund Freud – early 1930’s, study of

unconscious mind; psychoanalysisFrancis Galton – late 1800’s – study of

individual differences and the effect of heredityIvan Pavlov – early 1900’s – study of how

animals learn certain behaviors; classical conditioning

John Watson – 1920’s – founder of behaviorism – psychology should concern itself only with observable behavior

Page 9: PSYCHOLOGY. DEFINITION The scientific study of behavior & mental processes some psychologists (behaviorists) focus on observable behavior, while others

PSYCHOLOGIST VS. PSYCHIATRIST

A specialist in psychology that usually works for a company or for a psychiatrist. CANNOT prescribe medicine.

Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that focuses more on the treatment of patients w/emotional/behavioral disturbances. CAN prescribe medicine.

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