public health and pre-school children
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Public health and pre-school children. By Dr Sabah Mohamed Abdelkader Assist Prof of Public Health. Child public health (CPH). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Public health and pre-school children
ByDr Sabah Mohamed Abdelkader
Assist Prof of Public Health
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Child public health (CPH) Defined as: “organized efforts of society to develop public health policies to promote children’s and young people’s health, to prevent disease, to foster equity within a framework of sustainable development”.
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Importance of pre-school stageInvisible population.Lacking freedom of making choice.
Influenced by others, parents, grandparents, media.
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BarriersPartnership with parents is complex depending on factors like:
1. Time.Resource availability.Commitment.Mutual respect.Trust between all parties.
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Aims of child public healthChild health promotion.Disease prevention and child protection.
Improving health and wellbeing of future population.
Working with parents, agencies, and groups to develop early intervention strategies.
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Factors affecting child health Health inequality.Socio-economic factors, many live in
deprived areas.Specific risk factors. ????Parents.Age.Sex.Genetics.
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How to improve child health?Individual health promotion, as early
promotion improve health in adulthood, and being a cost-effective approach for future generation.
Targeting parents as children are under their influence.
Intensive home visiting for children and families by health visitors and midwives for early intervention.
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Outcomes of CPH1. Be healthy.2. Stay safe.3. Enjoy and achieve.4. Make a positive contribution.5. Achieve economic wellbeing.Understanding health inequalities is crucial for policy development and directing services according to HNA.
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Public health and school health
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Introduction Healthy school setting is defined as: “a place
where young people engage in daily education activities in which environmental, organizational and personal factors interact to affect health and wellbeing”. (WHO)
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Importance of schoolYoung children who adopt unhealthy
behaviours continue these habits into adulthood.
Educational attainment plays a role in determining future health status, healthy children perform better academically.
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Objectives of school healthHealth promotion of school children.Prevention and control of health hazards.Rehabilitation of the handicapped.Provision of health appraisal.
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A- Health promotionAdequate nutrition.Sanitary school environment.Fulfilling needs of mental development.Physical exercise and activities.Prevention of mental fatigue.Social activities and recreation.
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Role of schoolSchool feeding program.Nutritional education of children and families.Dietary supplementation according to local
deficiency problems.Prevention and control of parasitic diseases.Health appraisal for early detection of
malnutrition.
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School environmentValue of sanitary environment:Basic preventive measure of communicable
diseases.Contributes to health promotion of children.Provide feeling of comfort, better achievement.Gives good example of clean environment.
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Components of school environment1. School building:Must be away from sources of noise, pollution,
with suitable area for playground.2. Classrooms:* Suitable shape, area, and number of pupils.* Adequate ventilation, windows on both side
walls (20% of floor’s area)* Adequate lighting.* Properly designed desks and seats.
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3. Water supply:Safe source and suitable number of sanitary
drinking fountains.4. Waste disposal:• Collection and disposal of refuse.• Suitable number of clean promises (W.C)5. Insect control:6. Food sanitation:• Sanitary kitchen, canteen and stores.• Food handlers sanitary requirements.• Food stuff fulfill specified requirements
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B. Prevention of health hazards1. Infectious diseases.2. Parasitic diseases.3. Nutritional deficiencies.4. Accidents and injuries.
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1. Infectious diseasesPredisposing factors:• Insanitary school environment.• Faulty habits of children and personnel.• Lowered body resistance to infection.• Presence of reservoirs of infections.Overall effect of infectious diseases:• May cause disease outbreak.• Wasting time, long treatment and bed rest.Prevention:Assignment for those who didn’t submit gp
assign
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2. Parasitic diseasesPredisposing factors:• Insanitary school environment.• Bad habits.• Ineffective health service, case finding and
treatment.Hazards of parasitic diseases:• Diminished physical and mental development.• Impaired health, activity and vitality.• Contribute to malnutrition.• Resulting in morbidity and complications.
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3. Nutritional deficienciesPredisposing factors:• Inadequate home and school feeding.• Nutrition ignorance of child and family, faulty
food habits (breakfast, snacks, sweets, drinks).• Parasitic diseases.Manifestations:• General picture: impaired appetite, easy
fatigue, lack of alertness, weak muscles.• Specific picture: according to type (assign)
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4. Accidents and injuriesCan be wounds, bleeding, broken teeth, eye
injuries, fractures…. Etc.Control:First aid and emergency services including
transport and referral if necessary.Prevention:Education of pupils for safety rules.Supervising them during play.Removing any source of injury in school.
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C- Rehabilitation of handicappedSome forms of handicaps in schools:• Heart disease: congenital or rheumatic.• Musculoskeletal deformities: polio.• Impaired vision: errors of refraction.• Impaired hearing: acquired from neglected
chronic O.M or injury by foreign body.
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Medical care in schoolsIncludes:• Health appraisal.• First aid service.
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1. Health appraisalComprehensive medical examination.Screening tests.Clinical services.Survey study.
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2. First aid serviceFirst aid facilities and trained personnel must
be available for rapid management of emergency or transferring to medical center if necessary.
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Thank you