public oh hazard inventory

Cover

Rev 1 HE99.004 Oil Products Health Hazard Inventory

Report number: HE 99.004 Rev. 1

OIL PRODUCTS BUSINESS: HEALTH HAZARD INVENTORY

Using this documentThis document comprises a number of spread sheets. Please read the worksheets entitled 'Intro' and 'Using the inventory' for a summary of the purpose of this document, an overview of its contents and its application.

Author: SIL Health Services: S.A. Margary, HE/2

Contributors: SIL Health Services specialistsSIPC Oil Products Corporate HSE Adviser; OP Business HSE focal points

N.B. Further guidance may be obtained from SIL-Health Services Advisers

The copyright in this document (or software) is vested in Shell International Limited. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document (or software) may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owner.

* SHELL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, LONDON, April 2002

Intro


OIL PRODUCTS BUSINESS: HEALTH HAZARD INVENTORY

INTRODUCTIONRisk assessment is an essential element of the Group Procedure for an HSE Management System (ref 1). It can take several forms. Overall risk levels of activities have to be assessed as part of the ‘Policy and Strategic Objectives’ element of the Group Procedure. This process leads to the identification of ‘HSE critical’ operations and installations which require a fully documented demonstration that risks have been managed to levels which are ‘as low as reasonably practicable’ (ALARP) as part of the ‘Hazard and Effect Management Process’ (HEMP) element of the Group Procedure. Whatever the objective, risk assessment always involves the ‘identification’ and ‘assessment’ of HSE risks so that appropriate ‘control’ and ‘recovery’ measures are selected for their management.

Risk assessment is further described in the Risk Assessment Matrix (ref 2) Yellow Guide. This includes a Group standard risk assessment matrix with overlays to allow risks to be categorised as low, medium or high. The Yellow Guide also gives additional guidance on other applications of the Risk Assessment Matrix, for which different overlays are available.

Experience to date has shown that the inclusion of health risks in these processes is often not given appropriate priority by OUs or not included at all. This inventory has been compiled to assist OUs in identifying those health hazards (and therefore potential health risks) relevant to their operations, assigning Consequence Categories as an indicator of the potential for harm to people to assist in the assessment of risk, and providing a list of recommended guidance documents on exposure controls and control standards.

These data are also key inputs to Health Risk Assessment (ref 3 and ref 4) (HRA). HRA is the process by which health risks are addressed as part of HEMP within the HSE-MS of an Operating Unit and should cover all physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychological health hazards associated with work. In addition, all activities within the scope of the HSE-MS of an OU should be subject to HRA regardless of whether they are considered HSE Critical. It is important to note that, HRA is sometimes mistakenly seen to be the sole responsibility of health professionals; whilst health professionals certainly have a valuable role to play, HRA is a line responsibility, and this guide is intended to help line managers with this important element of HSE-MS implementation.

1. Group Procedure for an HSE Management System March 1997 (for additional detail, see SHSE Panel Yellow Guide: Health Safety and Environment Management System, 1994)2. SHSE Panel: Risk Assessment Matrix, 1999 (rev)3. SHSE Panel: Health Risk Assessment, July 20014. SHSE Panel: Minimum Health Management Standards, July 2001

Further advice and guidance on health matters is available from Occupational Health specialists in SIL-Health Services (HE/2), based in London and The Hague. Contacts: G. de Jong (Occupational Physician), Alison Margary (Occupational Hygienist), Harrie Rensink (Human Factors Engineer)

For more general guidance on the implementation of HSE MS in Oil Products, contact the OP HSE MS implementation adviser, OXXM, based in London, who sponsored the preparation of this guide.

Document OwnerRoger Ellmore, SIPC-OXXM

Document CustodianAlison Margary, SIL HE/2

Document History1st issue: March 1999; Rev 1 issue: April 2002

Using the Inventory


USING THE INVENTORY

OUs should review each section of the inventory to assist in identifying health hazards (and therefore potential health risks) relevant to their operations. It should be noted that it is not practical for the inventory to be an exhaustive list of all health hazards, and OUs should be alert to other hazards present in their operations.

The inventory includes:-- a list of health hazards and possible sources of relevance to the Oil Products Business covering the full spectrum: chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, psychological, lifestyle and those associated with the living environment. It may be used as a checklist to ensure that all relevant health hazards and, therefore, potential health risks have been identified by the OU;

- a summary of the ill health effects, including acute (short term) and/or chronic (long term), relevant to each health hazard and associated Consequence Category in terms of ‘harm to people’ to describe the nature and severity of the hazard. The Consequence Category (also known as the Hazard Rating) is used to assess the risk to the business (by application in the Risk Assessment Matrix), or to the individual (as part of Health Risk Assessment);

- a list of selected recommended references to assist in identifying exposure controls and control standards for the health hazards to reduce the risk to ALARP (As low As Reasonably Practicable). This guidance is divided into primary (P) and secondary (S) references. In selecting the appropriate reference it should be noted that guidance may change and users should ensure that they have current information relevant to their operations. Additionally, OUs may have other local statutory requirements and supporting guidance which should be complied with. The Author of the inventory (see cover) will be pleased to hear of other appropriate references.Assistance in obtaining referenced documents is available via SIL-Health Services Library, HE/6

CONTENTSThe inventory is divided by health hazard group. Each group comprises a number of spreadsheets, as follows:-Tables 1 a and b 'Phys': Physical agentsTables 2 a and b 'Bio': Biological agentsTables 3 a and b 'Erg': Ergonomic (human) factorsTables 4 a and b 'Psych': Psychological factorsTables 5 a and b 'Lifestyle': Lifestyle factorsTables 6 a and b 'Living env': Living environment (Public Health) factorsTables 7 a, b, c and d 'Chem': Chemical agents. Note: A separate Table 7a giving examples of chemical agents has been prepared for each of the OP activities as follows: Manufacturing; Distribution (including bitumen); Road Transport; Aviation; LPG bottling and reconditioning; Luboil/Grease Blending, Retail, Marine and Shipping.

Each group of Tables includes the following information:-- a list of health hazards relevant to the Oil Products Business- examples of situations or activities in which the health hazards may occur- the potential acute and/or chronic consequences (harmful health effects) in case of over exposure to the health hazard- the Hazard Rating (Consequence Category - harm to people) appropriate to the severity of the hazard, classified by acute and chronic exposure. Appendix 1 gives the Hazard Rating definitions.- recommended references for use in the determination of exposure control measures in order to reduce risk to health to ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable).

Appendix 2 provides a general list of references common to all health hazards. Acronyms used are explained in Appendix 3.

APPENDICESAppendix 1: Definitions for Hazard Ratings (Consequence Categories - harm to people)Appendix 2: Selected general references applicable to the inventory as a wholeAppendix 3: List of organisations, associated acronyms and contact addresses referenced in the inventory. As far as possible, web sites have also been included.

Further advice and guidance on health matters, including training in Health Risk Assessment, is available from Occupational Health specialists in SIL-Health Services, based in London and The Hague. See worksheet 'Intro' for contact details.

For more general guidance on the implementation of HSE MS in Oil Products, contact the OP HSE MS implementation adviser, OXXM, based in London, who sponsored the preparation of this guide.

1a Phys


Table 1a: Physical Agent Inventory - 2 pages

Health Hazard

Noise

3

Vibration (whole body) 2

Chronic: Musculo-skeletal illness 3

Vibration (hand) 1

3

Heat Stress 4 or 5

Chronic: n/a n/aCold Stress Acute: Hypothermia; frost bite 4 or 5

Chronic: n/a n/a3, 4 or 5

Chronic: cancer 4 or 5Arc welding; sunlight 2

Chronic: Skin cancer 4 or 5All work areas Acute: Eyestrain 2

Chronic: none identified Not determinedAcute: eye and skin damage 3

Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur

Harmful health effects from over exposure (consequences)

Hazard Rating (harm to people)

Note 1

Noisy plant and equipment e.g. aircraft, compressors, boilers, pumps, pneumatic tools, road driving, steam leaks, impact noise from handling drums and LPG cylinders, cartridge operated tools, engine testing.

Acute: Impact noise: rupture of eardrum; acoustic trauma. Loud steady noise: Temporary threshold shift

Impact noise: 3 Loud steady noise:

2

Chronic: Noise induced hearing loss (Permanent threshold shift); tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Standing, sitting or lying on a vibrating surface, e.g. vehicle driving, ships, helicopters

Acute: < 1 Hertz: Motion sickness; 2 - 20 Hertz: balance and vision disturbance

Holding a vibrating tool, e.g. pneumatic drills, nut runners, torque wrenches, needle guns

Acute: tingling sensation in the fingers

Chronic: hand/arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), includes vibration white finger

Metabolic (body) heat e.g. tank/furnace cleaning, aggravated by full body personal protective equipment; externally imposed heat e.g. working outside in hot climate, work close to furnaces or flares

Acute: Heat stroke leading to death (lesser symptoms: exhaustion, cramps, rash, fatigue)

Cold water; cool high winds e.g. work outside in cold climate; work inside fridges/freezers. May aggravate pre-existing conditions, e.g. musculo-skeletal problems

Ionising radiations: alpha, beta, gamma and xray radiation

Sealed sources: Non destructive testing (NDT); Level/density measurement; X-ray fluorescence; smoke detectors; gas chromatographs. Unsealed sources: radio-labelled compounds for reaction tracing

Acute: cell damage (e.g. skin burns, sickness, loss of hair) - potentially fatal

Non ionising radiation: Ultra violet light (UV) - wavelength: 100 - 400 nm

Acute: Arc eye; erythema, skin burn

Non ionising radiation: Visible Light (too much; too little) - wavelength 400 - 780 nm

Non ionising radiaton: Infra red (IR) - wavelength 400 - 1400 nm

Heat sources, e.g. gas welding, sunlight, furnaces (peep holes)

Note 1: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. Where a choice of Hazard Ratings is given, selection should take account of local circumstances.Note 2: Line Managers need to recognise that the assessment of some of these agents needs specialist input. Advice can be obtained from SIL-HE/2.

1a Phys


Table 1a: Physical Agent Inventory - 2 pages

Health Hazard Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur



Note 1

Note 1: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. Where a choice of Hazard Ratings is given, selection should take account of local circumstances.Note 2: Line Managers need to recognise that the assessment of some of these agents needs specialist input. Advice can be obtained from SIL-HE/2.

Chronic: eye cataracts 3Precision measurements Acute: eye and skin damage 3

Chronic: none identified Not determinedAcute: eye damage, organ heating 3

Chronic: none identified Not determined2 or 3

Chronic: none identified Not determinedTank and line cleaning; grease guns 4

Chronic: n/a n/a

Non ionising radiation: Lasers - wavelength: 100 - 1000 nm

Non ionising radiation: Radiowave/Microwave radiation - wavelength: 1 mm - 30 km

Radio transmitters, ovens. (Cellular phones are a source of low intensity microwave radiation)

Non ionising radiation: Extremely Low Frequency magnetic radiation (ELF) - wavelength: > 30 km

Electrical switch gear; rectifier unit (converts a/c to d/c). (Overhead power lines are a source of lower intensity ELF)

Acute: Possible effects from high intensity sources. N.B. Heart pacemakers could be affected.

High pressure fluid injection injuries (water; grease; other chemicals)

Acute: Possible infection, tissue necrosis, loss of body parts or death, in extreme cases, from water, water contaminants or chemicals passing into body tissues through the skin

1b Phys

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Table 1b: Physical Agents - recognised references - 2 pages

Health Hazard Reference (P = primary; S = secondary)Noise SHSE Panel: Noise Guide 1991 (P)

SHSE Panel: Management guidelines for hearing conservation 1991 (P)

UK HSE Guidance Note: L108 Reducing Noise at Work 1998 (S)

Vibration (whole body) SHSE Panel: Noise Guide, Appendix IV, 1991 (P) ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and documentation, latest edition (P)

Vibration (hand/arm) SHSE Panel: Noise Guide, Appendix IV, 1991 (P) ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and documentation, latest edition (P)

UK HSE Guidance Note: HS(G)88: Hand arm vibration 1994 (S)

Heat Stress ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and documentation, latest edition (P)

BOHS Technical Guide No. 8: The Thermal Environment (S)

ISO 8998: Ergonomics- determination of metabolic heat production (S)

Cold Stress ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and documentation, latest edition (P)

BOHS Technical Guide No. 8: The Thermal Environment (S)SHSE Panel: Ionising Radiation Safety Guide 1993 (P)

ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and documentation, latest edition (P)

ACGIH Threshold Limit Value for intense white light and documentation (P)Light (too much; too little) - SIPM DEP 1992 (33.64.10.10.92/12) Visible light and illumination levels (P)wavelength 400 - 780 nm ISO 8995: Principles of visual ergonomics - the lighting of indoor work systems (S)

UK HSE Guidance Note: HS(G)138: Sound solutions: techniques to reduce noise at work 1995 (S)

ISO 2631: 1997: Evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration. Part 1 General requirements; Part 3 Evaluation of exposure to whole body z-axis vertical vibration in the frequency range 0.1 to 0.63 Hz (S)

ISO 5349: 1986 Mechanical vibration - Guidelines for the measurement and the assessment of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (S)

UK HSE Guidance Note: HS(G)170 Vibration Solutions: practical ways to reduce the risk of hand-arm vibration injury, 1997 (S)

OGP 6.65/279 Health aspects of work in extreme climates within the E&P industry - The Heat (contains good general guidance) (S)

ISO 7933: Hot environments - analytical determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of required sweat rate (S)

ISO 7243: 1989 Hot environments - estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature) (S)

ISO 7726: Ergonomics for the thermal environment - Instruments for measuring physical qualities (Revision of ISO 7726: 1985).(S)

ISO 9920: 1995 Ergonomics of thermal environment - Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble (S)

ISO 10551: 1995 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Assessment of the influence of the thermal environment using subjective judgement scales (S)

ISO 11399: 1995 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Principles and application of International Standards (S)

ISO 12894: 2001 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Medical supervision of individuals exposed to extreme hot or cold environment (S)

OGP 6.65/270 Health aspects of work in extreme climates within the E&P industry - The cold (contains good general guidance) (S)

Ionising radiations: alpha, beta, gamma and xray radiation

Annals of ICRP: Publication 68: Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. Recommendations of the ICRP (replaces ICRP 61) (S)

Annals of the ICRP, Vol. 27/1. Publication 75: General Principles for the Radiation Protection of Workers (replaces: ICRP 60) (S)

Annals of the ICRP. Publication 65: Protection against radon-222 at home and at work (S)

Non ionising radiation: Ultraviolet light (UV) - wavelength: 100 - 400 nm

CEN175: 1998 Personal protection: Equipment for eye and face protection during welding and allied processes (P)

CEN470 Protective clothing for use in welding and allied processes Part 1 General requirements (P)

Non ionising radiation: Visible

Note 1: See also Appendix 2 - General referencesNote 2: Assessing health risks associated with physical agents is a highly specialised area and expert assistance should be sought

1b Phys

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Table 1b: Physical Agents - recognised references - 2 pages

Health Hazard Reference (P = primary; S = secondary)

Note 1: See also Appendix 2 - General referencesNote 2: Assessing health risks associated with physical agents is a highly specialised area and expert assistance should be sought

UK HSE Guidance Note: HS(G)38 Lighting at Work, 1997 2nd edition (S)CIBSE Code for interior lighting, 1994 (S)ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and documentation, latest edition (P)

ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and documentation, latest edition (P)wavelength: 100 - 1000 nm ILO The use of lasers in the workplace - a practical guide (S)



WHO Magnetic fields health and safety guide, 1989 (S)

Non ionising radiaton: Infra red (IR) - wavelength 400 - 1400 nm


CEN470 Protective clothing for use in welding and allied processes Part 1 General requirements (P)

Non ionising radiation: Lasers -

Non ionising radiation: Radiowave/Microwave radiation - wavelength: 1 mm - 30 km

Non ionising radiation: Extremely Low Frequency

magnetic radiation (ELF) - wavelength: > 30 km

High pressure fluid injection injuries (water; grease; other chemicals)

SGS Shell Safety Newsletter 96/IV: High pressure water jetting accident - Fatal consequences (P)

2a Bio

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Table 2a: Biological Agent Inventory

Health Hazard - Note 1

3

4 or 5

2, 3, 4 or 5

n/a

Insects carrying disease 2, 3, 4 or 5

2

4 or 5

Chronic: n/a n/a

Air-conditioned offices with humidifiers Acute: Humidifier fever 2

Chronic: n/a n/a

4 or 5

Chronic: n/a n/a

Cleaning and disposal of sewage Acute: e.g. tetanus, typhoid 3, 4 or 5

Chronic: e.g. polio 3

2

Chronic: n/a n/a

Hazardous animals 4

Chronic: n/a n/aHazardous insects 2, 4 or 5

Chronic: n/a n/aPoisonous plants Acute: skin irritation 3

Chronic: allergy/sensitisation 3




Note 2

Blood borne pathogens: e.g. AIDS virus and Hepatitis B virus

Contact with infected body fluids: e.g. medical and first aid personnel, sewage workers. Contact with

Acute: HIV positive; Hepatitis B infection.

contaminated blood products and dental, medical piercing instruments, e.g. patients

Chronic: Carrier of AIDS and Hepatitis B Virus; AIDS (fatal);Hepatitis B Virus - liver failure and cancer (fatal)

Food and drink contaminated with micro-organisms, e.g. salmonella, campylobacter, e coli

Contaminated food and/or drink provided by the Company, examples of sources: sale of perishable foods at Retail outlets, vending machines, kitchens, small food preparation areas, drinking water supplies

Acute: e.g. food poisoning;hepatitis A, amoebic dysentery

Chronic: Carrier of disease without having symptoms

Bites from infected insects in endemic areas

Acute: e.g. malaria*, yellow fever*, dengue*, equine encephalitis*, japanese encephalitis*, tick borne encephalitis*, leishmaniasis - *could be fatal

Chronic: e.g. malaria; leishmaniasis

Water borne pathogen - Legionella bacteria

Primarily present in static water systems and emitted as an aerosol e.g. cooling towers; hot water supplies; cutting oil/water emulsions; domestic and safety showers; firefighting systems; high pressure

Acute: Pontiac fever (mildest form of infection); Legionaires' disease - pneumonia (severest form of infection - may be fatal); dependent on the strain of legionella bacteria

cleaning of fouled systems; car wash machines

Bacterial and fungal growth in air-conditioning systems

Water borne pathogen - Leptospirosis (causes Weil's disease)

Contact with water contaminated with the urine from infected rats, e.g. sewers, ditches, ponds and slow-flowing rivers

Acute: Weil's disease. Influenza like illness with a persistent and severe headache, sometimes fatal

Water borne pathogens - viruses and bacteria contained in sewage

Bacterial and fungal growth in water-based metal working fluids

Contaminated metalworking fluids in engineering/maintenance workshops. Inhalation of aerosols.

Acute: Respiratory distress, particularly in persons who suffer from bronchitis or asthma.

Bites from animals e.g. snakes, animals carrying rabies

Acute: severe wounds, tetanus, rabies, poisoning

Sting/bite from e.g. bees, wasps, scorpians, fire ants, certain spiders.

Acute: Sting/bite can be potentially life-threatening for persons who are allergic. Some insect bites are poisonous

Contact with poisonous plants, e.g. euphorbia

Note 1: Biological agents comprise, e.g. insects and mites, moulds, yeasts, fungi, bacteria and viruses, animals and plants. For convenience, they are grouped according to the situation in which they may occur.Note 2: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. The Hazard Rating will depend on the specific biological agent relevant to the local situation.

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Table 2b: Biological Agents - recognised references

HEALTH HAZARD REFERENCES (P = PRIMARY; S = SECONDARY)

Refer to general references above

SIPC HRAL/4: AIDS Employment Guidelines, Dec 1993 (P)

Food and drink SHSE Panel: Health Guidelines for Catering 1995 (under revision) (P) contaminated with SRI: Shell Food Service Safety Manual and training leaflets, 1998 (P) micro-organisms EP95-0330: Drinking Water Guidelines (P)

WHO Recommended guideline values for drinking water quality 1993 (P)Manson's Tropical Diseases. Author: Manson-Bahr & Bell. Publisher: Bailliere (P)

Legionella bacteria

MF Safety Newsletter, Oct 1994: Legionella and firefighting water systems (S)Leptospirosis Refer to general references above

UK HSE EH62 Metal working fluids - health precautions, 1991 (S)

Hazardous animals Refer to guidance for the specific animal(s) from national authorities (P)Manson's Tropical Diseases. Author: Manson-Bahr & Bell. Publisher: Bailliere (S)

Hazardous insects Refer to guidance for the specific insect(s) from national authorities (P)Manson's Tropical Diseases. Author: Manson-Bahr & Bell. Publisher: Bailliere (S)

Poisonous plants Refer to guidance for the specific plant(s) from national authorities (S)Manson's Tropical Diseases. Author: Manson-Bahr & Bell. Publisher: Bailliere

Note 1: see also Appendix 2 - General references

General references for biological hazards

Shell Wide Web site: Health and Security (contains country specific latest advice on vaccination requirements and health issues). http://swwserv5.is.shell.nl/Health-Security/index.html (P). Also available in hard copy from SIL Health Services.Control of communicable diseases in man, latest edition. American Public Health Association. (S)

The microbiological hazards of occupations, Collins and Grange. Occupational Hygiene Monograph No. 17 1990 (S)

UK-HSE Biological agents ACOP (Approved Code of Practice) 1999 revised. (Contained within L5 General COSHH ACOP, Carcinogens ACOP and Biological Agents ACOP). Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 1999

Blood borne pathogens,

e.g. AIDS virus and Hepatitis viruses

AIDS. Pocket book of diagnosis and management. Author: Mindel, Miller. Publisher: Arnold. ISBN 0-340-58609-5 (S)

Viral Hepatitis. Fagan, Harrison. Publisher: Bios Scientific Publishers. ISBN 1-85996-025-1 (S)

Insects carrying disease

SHSE Panel: Draft 'Control of Legionella Bacteria in Water Systems' April 2002 - still to be finalised and published (P)

UK HSC L8: Leginnaires' disease - The control of legionella bacteria in water systems Approved Code of Practice and Guidance (S)

Bacterial and fungal growth in water-based metal working fluids

3a Erg

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Table 3a: Ergonomic (human) factors Inventory

Health Hazard

3

3

2

3

2

3

Manual materials handling 3

3

2

Chronic: physical signs of stress 3, 4 or 5

2

1



Hazard Rating (harm to people) -

Note 1

Poor workplace/task design leading to e.g. awkward, repetitive and static postures movements, excessive stretching, bending, pushing, pulling, force exertion

Operations and maintenance, e.g. inaccessible valves, pumps, gauges, sample points, insufficient space for tasks to be carried out efficiently and effectively.

Acute: Impaired or unsafe performance; Musculoskeletal disorders

Chronic: Musculoskeletal disorders; repetitive strain injury

Heavy use of VDUs (operations and office workers) - screen viewing, use of keyboard and mouse (repetitive movements and static posture)

Acute: Muscular discomfort; eyestrain; soreness to soft tissues (e.g. wrist)

Chronic: Musculoskeletal disorders; work-related upper limb disorders; repetitive strain injury, which may lead to fatigue and reduction in Activities of Daily Life (ADL)

Manual opening and closing of bungs on drums (e.g. during drum filling) (repetitive movements)

Acute: Muscular discomfort; soreness to soft tissues (e.g. wrist)

Chronic: Musculoskeletal disorders; work-related upper limb disorders; repetitive strain injury

Acute: Impaired or unsafe performance; Musculoskeletal disorders

Chronic: Musculoskeletal disorders; repetitive strain injury, impaired strength

Mismatch of work environment to cognitive skills, capabilities and limitations of workforce

Requiring individuals to monitor a process without trying to reduce their level of boredom by giving them a higher task load, asking a worker to supervise something of which they are not capable.

Acute: Impaired or unsafe performance (may lead to a safety incident or production loss with greater potential consequence)

Note: resulting adverse effects dependent on the individual(s) concerned

Discomfort from poor indoor climate

For example, air temperature too hot/too cold, draughts, low relative humidity, chemical pollutants, dust particles and fibres in the air, etc.

Acute: general discomfort, e.g. feeling too hot/too cold, stiff neck, dry throat/eyes/skin, headache

Chronic: Sick building syndrome, symptoms may include: Lethargy irritability, poor concentration. Decreased perfomance from working population. Drop off in productivity

Note 1: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. Where a choice of Hazard Rating is given, selection should take account of local circumstances.Note 2: Implementation of ergonomic principles is best achieved in the design of new, or the refurbishment of existing, plant and operations.

Note 1: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. Where a choice of Hazard Rating is given, selection should take account of local circumstances.Note 2: Implementation of ergonomic principles is best achieved in the design of new, or the refurbishment of existing, plant and operations. Advice can be obtained from SI-HE/2

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Table 3b: Ergonomic factors - recognised references

Health Hazard References (P = Primary; S = Secondary)

EP95-0324 Human Factors (ergonomic design tools) (P)

ISO 6385: 1981 Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (P)ISO 6385: 1981 Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems (P)ISO 7250: 1996 Basic human body measurements for technological design (P)ISO 7250: 1996 Basic human body measurements for technological design (P)UK HSE HS(G)60 rev: Upper limb disorders in the workplace, 2002 (S)ISO 1503: 1977 Geometrical orientation and directions of movements (S)ISO 1503: 1977 Geometrical orientation and directions of movements (S)ISO/DIS 11226: 1995, Ergonomics - Evaluation of working postures (S)ISO/DIS 7250.2: Basic list of anthropometrics measurements (S)

ISO 13407: 1999 Human Centred Design Process for Interactive Systems (First Edition) (S)

Ergonomics for beginners - a quick reference guide, J.Dul and B. Weerdmeester, 1993 (S)

Poor workplace/task design:-

Symbols and Signals: CD 9355: Ergonomics principles for the design of signals

ISO 3461-1: Graphical symbols for use on equipment

ISO 3461-2: Graphical symbols for use in technical product documentation

ISO 3864: Safety colours and safety signs

Control Rooms

General references for ergonomic (human) factors

EMIS.PMQ.10 List of international ergonomics standards accepted by SIL-HE/2 Human Factors Engineers (P)

Evaluation of human work, J.R. Wilson and E.N. Corlett, 1995, ISBN 0-85066-480-2 Publisher: Taylor & Francis (S)

ISO/WD 11064-1: Ergonomics design of control centres - Part 1: Principles for the design of control centres.

ISO/WD 11064-2: Ergonomics design of control centres - Part 2: Principles of control suite arrangements.

ISO/WD 7731: 1986, Danger signals for workplaces - Auditory danger signals (Revision of ISO 7731: 1986).

ISO 11429: 1996, Ergonomics - System of Auditory and Visual Danger and Information Signals First Edition

ISO 11428: 1996, Ergonomics - Visual Danger Signals - General Requirements, Design and Testing First Edition

ISO/DIS 11064 series: (specifically 11604-3) Ergonomic design of control centres - Part 3: Control room layout (P)

ISO 10075-1: 1991, Ergonomics principles related to mental work-load - Part 1: General terms and definitions, 1994, ISO/DIS Part 2 Design principles (S)

ISO 10075-2: 1996, Ergonomic Principles Related to Mental Workload - Part 2: Design Principles First Edition (S)

Warnings and alarms: CEN457 Auditory danger signals - general requirements for design and testing (S)

Warnings and alarms: ISO/DIS11429 Ergonomics - system of danger and non-danger signals with sound and light (S)

Note 1: See also Appendix 2 - General referencesNote 2: Implementation of ergonomic principles is best achieved in the design of new, or the refurbishment of existing, plant and operations. Advice can be obtained from SI-HE/2.

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Health Hazard References (P = Primary; S = Secondary)

SHSE Panel VDU User Guide 1993 (rev) (P)UK HSE VDU Workstation checklist for risk assessment, 1996 (S)

ISO 11228: 1995, Ergonomics - Manual handling, Part 1 Lifting and carrying.

Draft ISO 9355: Ergonomic requirements for design of displays and control actuators (P)

SHSE Panel 1987: Office Safety (P)

UK HSE HS(G)194 Thermal comfort in the workplace, 1999 (S)

Communication - ISO/DIS 9921-1: Ergonomic assessment of speech communication Part 1: Speech interference level and communication distances for persons with normal hearing capacity in direct communication (S)

Equipment accessibility

Preferred equipment operating areas for human/machine; vertical and horizontal dimensions of passageways; optimum operator/maintenance routes through units:

CEN547-2 'Safety of machinery - human body dimensions - Part 2. Principles for determining the dimensions required for access opening (P)

Selection of equipment

Selection of equipment/tools for the maintenance of materials - UK HSE 'Work Equipment' guidance on Regulations. L22. 1992 (P)

Use of VDUs (Visual Display Units)

Shell HSE Panel, Repetitive Strain Injury (Working with Visual Display Units), 2002 (P) (replaces SHSE Panel Working with VDUs, 1989) (P)

GI-D VDU website: http://sww-ask-gi.shell.com/frameset/GIDpage.asp?target=http://sww-ask-gi.shell.com/GI_Implemented/ServiceInfo/ergonimics.htm&title=GI%20Ask-GI%20-%20HSE-Ergonomics&chapter=31&RA=NLMHA8. Examples of information on this web site are: 'Tips for users', 'Guidelines for workstation design', general information on office ergonomics. (P)

ISO 9241 Parts 1 - 17 Ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) (S)

Manual materials handling

UK HSE L23: Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992: Guidance on the Regulations 1998 (P)

NEN 1005 1-3 'Safety of machinery - Human physical performance: Part 2 Manual handling of objects associated to machinery (S)

Mismatch of work environment to

cognitive skills, capabilities and limitations of workforce

ISO 10075: 1991: Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - general terms and definitions (P)

ISO/DIS 9921-1: 1992, Ergonomics assessment of speech communication - Part 1: Speech interference level and communication distances for persons with normal hearing capacity in direct communication (SIL method).

ISO/CD 9921-2: Ergonomics assessment of speech communication - Part 2: Assessment of speech communication by means of the Modified Articulation Index (MAI method).

ISO/CD 9921-3: Ergonomics assessment of speech communication - Part 3: Speech communication with electro-acoustic systems.

ISO 10075-2: 1996: Ergonomic principles related to mental workload - Part 2: Design principles (P)

Discomfort from poor indoor climate

ISO 7730:1994 Moderate thermal environments - determination of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort. (S)

UK HSE HS(G)132 How to deal with Sick Building Syndrome - guidance for employers, building owners and building managers, 1995 (S)

4a Psych


Table 4a: Psychological Factors Inventory

Health Hazard

Potential in all operations 2

3, 4 or 5

Potential in all operations 2

3, 4 or 5

3

Chronic: depression; absenteeism 3, 4 or 5


Harmful health effects from over exposure (consequences) Note

1

Hazard Rating (harm to people) -

see Note 2

Long and irregular working hours; working cycles; shift work

Acute: Impaired or unsafe performance (may lead to a safety incident or production loss)

Chronic: Psychological stress; depression; absenteeism

Organisational stress e.g. poor communication, inappropriate targets

Acute: Impaired or unsafe performance (may lead to a safety incident or production loss)

Chronic: Psychological stress; depression; burn out; absenteeism

Post traumatic stress, e.g. after robbery, assault, explosions, fire

Sales outlet personnel; plant personnel; personnel living in high risk/low security countries

Acute: Post traumatic stress syndrome including impaired performance (may lead to a safety incident or production loss)

Note 1: Reaction to psychological health hazards is dependent on the individual's ability to cope with stress.Note 2: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. Where a choice of Hazard Rating is given, selection should take account of local circumstances. Expert advice may be obtained from SI-HE/2.

4b Psych


Table 4b: Psychological Factors - recognised references


HMSO London: Understanding Stress Part 2, Line manager's guide (P)

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Author: Yule. Publisher: Wiley. ISBN 0-471970808 (S)

General references for psychological factors

EU Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Stress at work: causes effects and prevention (P)

Long and irregular working hours; working cycles; shift work

Occupational Stress - a practical approach. Author: Addley. Publisher: BH. ISBN 0-7506-2948-7 (S)

Issues in Occupational Health. Coping, health and organisations. Author: Dewe, Leiter, Cox. Publisher: Taylor Francis. ISBN 0-748-40823-1 (S)

Organisational (work-induced) stress

Occupational Stress - a practical approach. Author: Addley. Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-2948-7 (S)

Issues in Occupational Health. Coping, health and organisations. Author: Dewe, Leiter, Cox. Publisher: Taylor Francis. ISBN 0-748-40823-1 (S)

ISO 10075: 1991: Ergonomic principles related to mental work-load - general terms and definitions (P)

ISO 10075-2: 1996: Ergonomic principles related to mental workload - Part 2: Design principles (P)

Post traumatic stress, e.g. after robbery, assault, explosions, fire

5a Lifestyle


Table 5a: Lifestyle Factors Inventory

Health Hazard

Smoking 2

4 or 5

Alcohol and drugs abuse 4 or 5

3, 4 or 5

4 or 5

4

3

3, 4 or 5

Unbalanced diet 3

3, 4 or 5



Note 1


Notes 1 and 2

All areas where smoking takes place

Acute: irritation of airways and eyes

Chronic: Diseases of heart, blood vessels and lungs; addiction/dependence; increased sickness absence; premature death

All areas where alcohol and drug use takes place

Acute: CNS effects; impaired performance (may lead to a safety incident or production loss)

Chronic: diseases of various organ systems; addiction/dependence; premature death

Volatile substance abuse (e.g. butane from lighter fuel)

Persons (usually young people) purchasing volatile marketed products for substance abuse purposes

Acute: sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart beat); narcotic effects leading to unconsciousness

Chronic: Disease of the nervous system

Lack of physical exercise

Jobs and tasks requiring physical fitness, e.g. use of breathing apparatus

Acute: reduced fitness; impaired performance

Chronic: Diseases of heart and blood vessels

Jobs and tasks requiring physical fitness

Acute: reduced fitness; impaired performance

Chronic: Diseases of heart and blood vessels

Note 1: Incidence of disease affected by individual susceptibilityNote 2: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. Where a choice of Hazard Rating is given, selection should take account of local circumstances.

5b Lifestyle


Table 5b: Lifestyle Factors - recognised references


General references Health promotional material. Examples of information sources:-World Health Organisation (WHO) (P)

UK Health Education Authority (HEA) (S)

British Heart Foundation (S)

Lifestyle medicine. Author: Rippe. Publisher: Blackwell. ISBN 0-86542-294-X (S)Smoking SIPM HSE and SIPC HR July 1995: Smoking and passive smoking at work (P)

Nicotine Addiction in Britain. Author: Royal College of Physicians (UK) ISBN 1-86016-1227

Alcohol and drugs See general references aboveabuse SI-HR Drugs and alcohol abuse employement guidelines (Dec 1993) (P)

Lifestyle medicine. Author: Rippe. Publisher: Blackwell. ISBN 0-86542-294-X

SHSE Panel 1995: Road transport SMS guidelines (standards for driver fitness) (P)

Unbalanced diet ABC of Nutrition. Author: Truswell. Publisher: BMJ Books. ISBN 0-7279-1233-X

Note: see also Appendix 2 - General references

Lack of physical exercise

Medical aspects of fitness to drive. A guide for medical practitioners. The medical commission on accident prevention UK 5th Edition (S)

6a Living env


Table 6a: Living Environment (Public Health) Factors

Health Hazard

Infectious diseases See Table 2a Biological Agents

2, 3, 4 or 5

e.g. poor sewage control n/a

2, 3, 4 or 5

Chronic: n/a n/a2, 3, 4 or 5

food (pesticides) 2, 3, 4 or 5

3

Chronic: depression; absenteeism 3, 4 or 5




Note 1

Mainly outside Western Europe, N. America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand

Contaminated drinking water supply


Acute: giardiasis, typhoid, cholera, hepatitis A, amoebic dysentery

Chronic: carrier of disease without having symptoms

Poor medical infra-structure


Acute: failure to obtain appropriate treatment; permanent damage; death

Environmental health hazards e.g. air pollution, radiation hazards, contaminated

Air pollution (e.g. Mexico City, Bangkok, Beijing, Santiago de Chile, former Soviet Union); Radiation (e.g. former Soviet Union)

Acute: respiratory tract irritation; aggravation of asthma

Chronic: radiation effects (damage to reproductive and blood cells); impaired respiratory function

Post traumatic stress, e.g. after robbery, assault

Personnel in high risk/low security countries

Acute: Post traumatic stress syndrome including: impaired performance

Note 1: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions. Where a choice of Hazard Rating is given, selection should take account of local circumstances.

6b Living env


Table 6b: Living Environment Factors - recognised references


General reference

Infectious diseases

Also available in hard copy from SIL Health Services.

Contaminated EP95-0330: Drinking Water Guidelines (P)drinking water supply WHO Recommended guideline values for drinking water quality 1993 (P)

SHSE Panel: Medical Emergency Guidelines for Management 1994 (P)

SIL HSE Report 94-023a: Guidance to First Aiders (P)Environmental World Health Organisation guidance (S)health hazards e.g. UK Dept of Health. Handbook on Air Pollution and Health. 1997. ISBN 0-11322096-0 (S)

UK-NRPB. Living with radiation. ISBN 0-85951-419-6 (S)

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Author: Yule. Publisher: Wiley. ISBN 0-471970808 (S)

Note: see also Appendix 1 - General references

SIPM Guidelines for Health, Safety and Environmental planning on a new venture. Report EP88-2415 Rev 2 (March 1992) (P)

Shell Wide Web site: Health and Security (contains country specific latest advice on vaccination and malaria prophylaxis requirements and health issues). http://swwserv5.is.Shell.nl/Health-Security/index.html (P).

Control of communicable diseases in man, latest edition. American Public Health Association. (S)

The microbiological hazards of occupations, Collins and Grange. Occupational Hygiene Monograph No. 17 1990 (S)

Poor medical infra-structure

SIL HSE Report 94-023: Medical Emergency Guidelines for Health Care Professionals and First Aiders (P)

air pollution, radiation hazards

Post traumatic stress, e.g. after robbery, assault

7a Chem Refinery


Table 7a (i) Refinery: Chemical Agent Inventory: Examples of chemical agents and the principal areas in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see notes 1 and 4 - see notes 2 and 3 Marketed Products Internal streams Raw materials Auxiliary chemicals Additives Catalysts By-product/Wastes

Organic lead Carbon disulphide Lead compounds (some paints)

Hydrogen sulphide

Corrosive (R34;35) Hydrofluoric acid Strong mineral acids/alkalis

Kerosines Marker dyes

Propane; Butane Propane; Butane Nitrogen; Hydrogen; Fuel gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Acetylene

Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Liquefied propane Liquefied gases Liquefied gases

Laboratories (plus all marketed

products)

Maintenance, construction and cleaning

Carcinogen (R40;45;49) and Mutagen (R40; 46; 47) PCAHs = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Benzene heart cut (up to 50% benzene); Gasolines (contain benzene); Streams containing PCAHs - Gas oils, Heavy fuel oils, Cycle oils, Crude oil; 1-3 Butadiene (may contaminate LPG streams)

Low boiling naphthas (benzene); Streams containing PCAHs including Base oils, Gasoil, Heavy fuel oil, Long/short residues, Waxy distillate

Crude oil (PCAHs and benzene); Low boiling naphthas (Benzene); Benzene heart cut; Long residues (PCAHs); Waxy distillate (PCAHs); Furfural extract (concentrated PCAHs); Gas oils (PCAHs); Light cycle oils (PCAHs)

Hydrazine salts; crystalline silica (calcined diatomaceious earths, filter aids); Fuel oils (PCAHs furnace heating)

Furfural extract (concentrated PCAHs); Slops containing PCAHs; Coke (PCAHs); Sludges from black oil tank bottoms (PCAHs); Furnace residues (nickel compounds); Some used transformer oils (PCBs)

Chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,4-dioxane

Asbestos (gaskets, insulation, partitions); Some man-made vitreous fibres (furnace linings, insulation); Chromates (some paints); Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume (e.g. furnace tubes); Nickel in anti-seize compounds; Used engine oil (PCAHs)

Toxic to reproduction (R60;61;62;63)

Desalter sludge from leaded gasoline processing (inorganic lead residues); Sludges from leaded gasoline tanks

Sensitiser: inhalation/skin (R42;43)

Potassium dichromate

Cement (chromate impurities); Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives, vehicle paints); Epoxy resin adhesives; Nickel in anti-seize compounds; Diamines in 2-pack adhesives

Local or Systemic effects from inhalation (R20,23,26) skin contact (R21,24,27) or ingestion (R22;25;28); R39; R48; R64; R65

Benzene heart cut (aromatic hydrocarbons); Gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons); naphtha

Low boiling point napthas (n-hexane);

Carbon monoxide waste from cracker regenerator used as fuel gas; Methanol; Hydrogen sulphide; Perchloroethylene; Cobalt solution (cracker); Furfural; Toluene; Hydrofluoric acid

Ethyl mercaptan (in LPG); Organic lead (in gasoline); Alkyl nitrate (in diesel); Xylene (in gasoline and Jet A-1)

Hydrofluoric acid; Cobalt/ Molybdenum

Hydrogen sulphide; Oil-fired furnace residues (vanadium pentoxide); Carbon monoxide in flue gases and feed for furnaces; Spent Cobalt/Molybdenum catalyst

Mercury, pyridine, methanol, n-hexane, toluene, xylene, acetone

Chlorinated degreasants; Lead compounds (some paints); Mercury (instruments, contaminant in caustic tanks); Cadmium oxide fume; Lead oxide fume; Zinc oxide fume

Strong mineral acids eg Hydrofluoric acid; Hydrochloric acid, Phosphoric acid, Sulphuric acid; Strong alkalis eg Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide; Anhydrous ammonia

Strong mineral acids/alkalis

Irritant (R36,37,38) and defatting agents

Kerosines; Octanes; Gas oils; Highly refined base oils

Weak mineral acids/alkalis e.g. Ammonia solution, Sodium carbonate/bicarbonate solution, Calcium hydroxide (lime); Some water treatment chemicals; Di-isopropanolamine (ADIP); Methyl ethyl ketone;

Sulphur dioxide in flue gases; Sodium fluoride; Ammonium trifluoride; Aluminium trifluoride; Sulphur dioxide/trioxide (sulphur recovery)

Weak mineral acids/alkalis

Degreasing agents; Man made vitreous fibres; Water treatment chemicals; Welding gases; Lubricants; d-limonene-based cleaners

Simple asphyxiant - see note 5

Propane; Butane; Butenes; Hydrogen

Dry gas (contains propane, propene, ethylene); Hydrogen

Argon, hydrogen, acetylene

Low toxicity particulates - see note 5

Sulphur (also in molten form - contact burns)

Molecular sieve; Ion exchange resin (eg Amberlyst 16C)

Zeolite; Platinum on alumina (new); Bismuth/copper oxide on alumina (new)

Spent Zeolite; Platinum on alumina and Bismuth/copper oxide on alumina catalysts

Iron oxide (mild steel) fume; Aluminium oxide fume; Refractory brick dust

Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets. For intermediate products, health hazard information will need to be compiled by the OU.Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard groupNote 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase

7a Chem Distribution


Table 7a Distribution: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4 - see notes 2 and 3 Vehicle Wash Bay Laboratory

Lead compounds (some paints)

Acetone (glass cleaner) Chlorinated degreasants

Corrosive (R34;35) Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid); Sulphuric (battery) acid

Kerosines

Propane; Butane Acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Hot bitumen

Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases Liquefied gases

Polymer powders

Loading gantry/Tank Farm/Barrel filling

Bitumen Plants/ Emulsion Preparation

Vehicle service bay (plus main fuels)

Office/Plant maintenance, construction and cleaning


Gasolines (benzene), Diesel/Gas oil (PCAHs), fuel oils (PCAHs), LPG (1,3-butadiene)

Cut back bitumen easy to pour/handle at ambient temperature (PCAHs which may be bio-available)

Asbestos (brake linings); Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Lead and nickel in anti-seize compounds; Used engine oil (PCAHs); Rubber fume (tyre re-grooving)

Gasolines (benzene), Diesel/Gas oil, fuel oils

Asbestos (gaskets, partitions, ceiling tiles, insulation); Some man made vitreous fibres; Chromates (some paints);Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Nickel in anti-seize compounds


Lead seals used to secure sample cans; Organic/inorganic lead sludges from leaded gasoline bulk storage tanks and residues from leaded sludge tips


Amines used in bitumen emulsions. Bitumen emulsions (depending on emulsifying agent).

Isocyanates (vehicle paints); Epoxy resin adhesives

Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives); Epoxy resin adhesives; cement (chromate impurities)


Gasoline additive (e.g. xylene), Diesel additive (e.g. alkyl nitrate), Jet fuel ASA (xylene), Gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons); super plus unleaded (methyl tertiary butyl ether); H2S (bitumen and fuel oil tank head spaces)

Hydrogen sulphide (bitumen tank head spaces)

Ethylene glycol; Methanol (antifreeze); Chlorinated degreasants

Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid)

Hydrochloric acid; Phosphoric acid

Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid); Hard surface cleaners


Jet A-1; Kerosine; Gas oil, Diesel, Diesel exhaust fume (NOx)

Cut back bitumen; Bitumen fume

Diesel exhaust fume; Degreasing agents; Welding gases; Oils and greases

Some detergents; Degreasing agents; Some vehicle valetting compounds

Degreasing agents; Man made vitreous fibres; Water treatment chemicals; Welding gases; Domestic cleaners; Oils and greases


Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Acetylene

Thermal burns - see note 5


Iron oxide (mild steel) welding fume; Aluminium oxide welding fume

Iron oxide (mild steel) fume; Aluminium oxide fume

Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets. Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard groupNote 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase

7a Chem Road Transport


Table 7a Road Transport: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4 - see notes 2 and 3 Loading gantry/Delivery to customer storage Vehicle service bay (plus main fuels) Vehicle Wash Bay


Ethylene glycol; Methanol (antifreeze); Chlorinated degreasants

Corrosive (R34;35) Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid)


Simple asphyxiant - see note 5 Propane; Butane Acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Thermal burns - see note 5Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases



Gasolines (contain benzene), Diesel/Gas oil (PCAHs), fuel oils (PCAHs), LPG (may contain 1,3-butadiene)





Gasoline additive (e.g. xylene), Diesel additive (e.g. alkyl nitrate), Jet fuel ASA (xylene), Gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons); super plus unleaded (methyl tertiary butyl ether); H2S (bitumen and fuel oil tank head spaces)




Jet A-1; Kerosine; Gas oil, Diesel, Diesel exhaust fume




7a Chem Aviation


Table 7a Aviation: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4see notes 2 and 3 Loading gantry/apron/tank farm Vehicle Wash Bay Laboratory


Chlorinated degreasants

Corrosive (R34;35) Hard surface cleaners Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid); Sulphuric (battery) acid

Jet A-1/turbine fuels

Acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases



Aeroshell products

Carcinogen (R40;45;49) and Mutagen (R40; 46; 47) PCAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Aviation gasolines (where they contain >0.1% benzene)


Aviation gasolines (where they contain >0.1% benzene)

Asbestos (e.g. gaskets, partitions, ceiling tiles, insulation); Some man made vitreous fibres; Chromates (some paints); Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Nickel in anti-seize compounds


Lead seals used to secure sample cans; 2-methoxy ethanol (Jet A1 additive); methyl diethoxol (substitute for 2-methoxy ethanol); Organic/inorganic lead sludges from leaded gasoline bulk storage tanks.



Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives); Epoxy resin adhesives

ASG 7, 17, 23C, 43C; ASTO 500


Aviation gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons); Methanol (screen wash and de-icer); Biocides

Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze); Methanol (screenwash and de-icer); Chlorinated degreasants

Acetone (glass cleaner); Aviation gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons)

ASC07; ASG22, 22CF; ASCF2; APA101 (EU version)



Jet A-1/turbine fuels; Diesel exhaust fume



Degreasing agents; Man made vitreous fibres; Water treatment chemicals; Welding gases; Domestic cleaners; Oils and greases

APA101 (US version)






Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternative.Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets. Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard groupNote 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.Note 5: These hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase

7a Chem LPG


Table 7a LPG bottling and reconditioning: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4 - see notes 2 and 3 Refilling line/Bulk operations Reconditioning Vehicle Wash Bay

Carbon disulphide

Chlorinated degreasants

Corrosive (R34;35) Aluminium cleaner (hydrofluoric acid) Sulphuric (battery) acid

Ozone (plasma arc spraying)

Propane; Butane Propane; Butane Acetylene; Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases Liquefied gases Liquefied gases



Carcinogen (R40;45;49) and Mutagen (R40; 46; 47)

1,3-Butadiene contained in some LPG; Waste LPG heavy ends from tanks (contents under investigation)

1,3-Butadiene contained in LPG; Chromates (some paints)


Asbestos (e.g. gaskets, partitions, ceiling tiles, insulation); Chromates (some paints);Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Nickel in anti-seize compounds


Lead compounds (some paints, jointing compounds)

Lead compounds (some paints, jointing compounds)



Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives); Epoxy resin adhesives; Cement (chromate impurities)


Ethyl mercaptan (LPG stenching agent); Tetrahydrothiaphine (LPG stenching agent)

Ethyl mercaptan (LPG stenching agent); Xylene/Toluene (paint solvents); grit and paint dust from grit blasting cylinders; Zinc oxide fume (plasma arc/zinc metal spraying)

Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze); Methanol (screen wash/de-icer); Chlorinated degreasants



Ethyl mercaptan (LPG stenching agent); Tetrahydrothiaphine (LPG stenching agent)



Degreasing agents; Man made mineral fibres; Water treatment chemicals: Shellforce; Welding gases; Domestic cleaners; Oils and greases







7a Chem Luboil


Table 7a Luboil/Grease Blending: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4 - see notes 2 and 3

Pre blend and blending area

Lead naphthenate; 2-butoxyethanol Carbon disulphide

Potassium dichromate

Corrosive (R34;35) Strong mineral acids/alkalis Sulphuric (battery) acid

Weak mineral acids/alkalis

Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gases

Filling lines and gantries (See 'Aviation' for Aeroshell products)

Laboratories (plus all marketed products)



Base oils containing PCAHs >= 3% DMSO extract; Shell Corbula grease 1

Base oils containing PCAHs >= 3% DMSO extract; Gas oil (PCAHs); Diazo and anthraquinones (dye compounds)

Chloroform; benzene; Potassium dichromate

Asbestos (e.g. gaskets, partitions, ceiling tiles, insulation); Some man-made vitreous fibres; Chromates (some paints); Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Nickel in anti-seize compounds; Used engine oils (contain PCAHs)


Alvania RS, EP1, EP2, EP R0, EP R00; Retinax A, AM; Rhodina EP1, EP2, S7505, S8772 (all contain lead naphthenate)

Lead compounds (some paints; tank sludges)


Ensis engine oil (calcium sulphonate), Alvania RS, R1, R2, R3, RA (PAN)

Triazine biocides; Calcium sulphonate; Dibenyl disulphide; N-phenyl alpha naphthylamine (PAN); Polysulphide, Isocyanates in polyurea grease; Benzotriazoles; Toluotriazoles

Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives); Epoxy resin adhesives


Alvania R1, R2, R3, RA (sodium nitrite); Tellus C5, R5; Fusus A; Morlina 5 (low viscosity white oil)

Sodium nitrite; Triazine biocide; n-1-napthylaniline; Petroleum distillates; Polyalkylene glycol; Barium oxidates; Barium sulphonate; Triphenyl phosphates; Xylene; Toluene

Mercury, methanol, n-hexane, toluene, xylene, acetone

Chlorinated degreasants; Oil-fired furnace residues (Vanadium pentoxide)

Metal dinonyl napthylene sulphonates (Ca, Mg, Na, Ba); Lithium, Calcium and Potassium hydroxides; Imidazoline derivatives


Metalina GC, GR (Di and triethanolamine); Metrema Fluid GP, GX (Alkanolamine esters)

Mono, di and tri ethanolamines; Zinc alkyl dithiophosphate (ZDTP); Nonylphenol ethoxylates; Weak mineral acids/alkalis; Barium dinonyl naphthasulphonate; Kerosine

Degreasing agents; Man made vitreous fibres; Water treatment chemicals: Shellforce; Welding gases; Domestic cleaners; Oils and greases


Argon, hydrogen, acetylene; nitrogen

Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Acetylene; Carbon dioxide


Graphite, Carbon black, Oleophilic bentonite clay, Molybdenum disulphide; Sulphur; Calcium hydroxystearate



7a Chem Retail


Table 7a Retail: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4 - see notes 2 and 3 Pump area Kiosk/Office/Kitchen Car Service Bay Car wash Construction materials


Cement (chromate impurities)

Corrosive (R34;35) Hard surface cleaners Kitchen cleaning materials Sulphuric (battery) acidDomestic cleaning materials Vehicle cleaners

LPG (lighter fuel) Propane; Acetylene

Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases

Iron oxide (mild steel) fume


Gasolines (contain benzene); Diesel fuel (PCAHs)

Gasolines (contain benzene - possible ingress of vapour from the forecourt)

Asbestos (brake linings); Used engine oil (PCAHs); Used anti-freeze (nitrosamines); Rubber fume (tyre re-grooving)

Asbestos (e.g. existing partitions, roofing sheets, ceiling tiles, pipe insulation); Some man made vitreous fibres



Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives, vehicle paints); Epoxy resin adhesives


Gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons)

CFCs (fire fighting equipment, refrigerants); Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and methanol (screenwash); Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze); hydrocarbon based cleaning materials

Ethylene glycol; Chlorinated degreasants/brake cleaners; Gasolines (aromatic hydrocarbons); styrene-based resins (car body work)


Diesel fuel; Diesel/gasoline exhaust fume; Some detergents and degreasants;

Diesel/gasoline exhaust fume; Some domestic cleaners; Some vehicle valetting compounds; Welding gases; oils and greases

Man made vitreous fibres (insulation)



Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets. Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard groupNote 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.Note 5: These health hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase

7a Chem Shipping & Marine


HEALTH HAZARD Examples of situations or activities in which the health hazard may occur - see note 4 - see notes 2 and 3 Cargo deck and tanks including pump rooms Accommodation/galley Maintenance management (including engine room)


Insecticides (pest control)

Corrosive (R34;35)

Irritant (R36,37,38) Gas oil; Diesel fuel; Jet A1; Kerosine; Bitumen

Propane; Butane; Nitrogen Liquefied Petroleum Gas; Acetylene

Cold burns - see note 5 Liquefied gases Liquefied gasesThermal burns - see note 5 Heated cargoes e.g. bitumen, some crude oils


Table 7a Marine and Shipping: Examples of chemical agents and the principal situations in which they may occur (see notes 1 and 2)

Carcinogen (R40;45;49) and Mutagen (R40; 46; 47)

Shell low boiling naphthas - benzene (inc tops naphthas, cat cracked gasoline, platformate/reformate, platformer raffinate, isomerate and gasoline platformer raffinate, isomerate and gasoline components;

Asbestos insulation (existing ships)

Asbestos (Insulation, gaskets); Some man made vitreous fibres; Chromates (paint);Chromium (VI) stainless steel welding fume; Nickel in anti-seize compounds; Used engine oil (PCAHs); radio-active material (liquid level indicators)

PCAHs = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Crude oils (contain PCAHs and benzene); Cargo tank slops (may contain PCAHs or benzene); Diesel, fuel oil and gas oil (contain PCAHs)


Lead seals used to secure sample cans; Leaded sludges from cargo tanks


Isocyanates (polyurethane coatings, adhesives, paints); Epoxy resin adhesives; Nickel in anti-seize compounds; Diamines in 2-pack adhesives


Gasolines and naphthas (aromatic hydrocarbons); Hydrogen sulphide (storage tank head spaces containing Fuel oil); carbon monoxide (inert gas venting)

Chlorinated degreasants; Zinc oxide fume; Lead compounds (some paints); Tin compounds (anti-fouling paints); halon (fire fighting and refrigerants); mercury (instruments); alcohol

Some domestic cleaning products

Some domestic cleaning products

Degreasing agents; Man made vitreous fibres; Water treatment chemicals; Welding gases; Oils and Greases; Dilute sulphuric acid (batteries); white spirit; methylated spirits



Note 1: Selected examples of the more common chemical agents are given. Where possible, use less hazardous alternatives.Note 2: As an indicator of harmful health effects (flammability is not addressed), chemical agents have been divided according to the EU classification for dangerous substances and preparations using the Risk Phrases. A list of relevant Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c. N.B. Risk phrases are subject to change and not all chemical agents are assigned Risk Phrases; it is important to check health hazard information contained in suppliers' material safety data sheets. Note 3: The same chemical agent may have several types of harmful effects and therefore appear in more than one health hazard groupNote 4: The same chemical agent may appear in more than one situation/activity. A gap in the table indicates that an example has not been readily identified within company operations, but does not indicate that no example exists locally.Note 5: These health hazard groups are not classified under EU legislation and, thus, have no associated Risk Phrase

7b Chem


Table 7b: Chemical Agent Inventory - 2 pagesSelected examples giving effects of over exposure and associated Hazard Ratings - illustrative only

Health Hazard

Asbestos Acute: Irritant to eyes and respiratory tract Cat 1 Carcinogen: 4/5

Mutagen (R40;46;47) R45; 48/23 Chronic: Category 1 carcinogen (via inhalation)

1,3-Butadiene (gas) Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5

R45 Chronic: Category 2 carcinogen (via inhalation)

Acute: Irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Cat 2 carcinogen: 4/5;

R45, R42,43, R36/37/38

Gasolines

Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5

R45; R38; R65; R66 Chronic: Category 2 carcinogen (via inhalation)

Gas oil/DieselCat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5

R45; R65; R66 (via skin contact)

Light/Medium/Heavy Fuel oil Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5

R45 (via skin contact)

Cat 2 Carcinogen: 4/5

hydrocarbons) (liquid)(via skin contact)

Lead naphthenate Acute: - Cat 1 Toxic to Repro: 4

R61/62, R20/22, R33 Chronic: Category 1 Toxic to Reproduction

Acute: 4

R61/62; R26/27/28; R33 Chronic: Category 2 Toxic to reproduction Cat 2 Toxic to Repro: 4

Acute: Irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Sensitiser: 4

R42, R36/37/38, R20 or 23 Chronic: Potent respiratory sensitiser (via inhalation)

Sensitiser: 3

R43, R36/37/38 Chronic: dermatitis; skin sensitiser (via skin contact)

Sensitiser: 3

R42: 43 Chronic: Skin sensitiser; Dermatitis (via skin contact)

Molybdenum (catalyst) Irreversible effects: 3

inhalation (R20;23;26) R48; 20/22; 36/37 Chronic: Potential irreversible effectsHydrogen sulphide (gas) Chemical asphyxiant: 5

ingestion (R22;25;28) R26 Chronic: none knownalso (R39; 48; 64, 65) Carbon monoxide (gas) Chemical asphyxiant: 5

R61; 48/23 Chronic: Category 1 Reproductive toxinAcute: Irritating to eyes and skin Irreversible effects: 3

Example including Risk Phrase(s) - Note 1

Harmful effects from over exposure (consequences) - Note 2

Hazard Rating (harm to people) - Notes 3, 4 & 5

Carcinogen (R40;45;49)

Acute: Moderate irritant to eyes (pain, redness); narcotic to CNS - see also cold burns

Nickel and compounds (catalysts, anti-seize)

Chronic: Category 2 carcinogen, Skin & respiratory sensitizer

Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and on inhalation of mist; vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness; may cause lung amage if swallowed

Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and on inhalation of mist; may cause lung damage if swallowed

Chronic: prolonged or repeated skin contact may lead to dermatitis and skin carcinomas

Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and on inhalation of mist


Used engine oil (contains polycyclic aromatic

Acute: defatting to skin; slight irritant to eyes and on inhalation of mist



Tetraethyl lead (absorbed via skin)

Acute: Irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. CNS effects (narcotic, mania, convulsions)

Sensitiser: inhalation (R42) Skin (R43)

Isocyanates (adhesives, paints)

Cement (chromate impurities) (powder)

Acute: Irritant to skin, eyes (conjunctivitis) and on inhalation of dust

Cobalt and cobalt compounds (Catalysts)


Local or systemic effects following:-


skin contact (R21;24;27)

Acute: Chemical asphyxiant causing respiratory paralysis

Acute: Chemical asphyxiant - causing carboxyhaemoglobin poisoning by inhalation

Tetrahydrothiophene (THT) (liquid)

Note 1: Many chemical agents fall into more than one health hazard group, but have only been listed once under the most hazardous group relevant. A list of current Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c; Risk Phrases are subject to change. Not all chemicals have assigned Risk Phrases. Note 2: Refer to the supplier's latest safety data sheet for detailed information on harmful effects. Note 3: For simplicity, Hazard Ratings have been based on the associated Risk Phrases, see Table 7c. There are a few exceptions, e.g. chemical asphyxiants are always given a Hazard Rating of '5' in view of the severity of their acute effects and potential for causing multiple fatalities. The Hazard Rating selected is linked to the most significant harmful effect (acute and/or chronic). Sometimes it is appropriate to select both the acute and chronic effect where both are significant.Note 4: Where no Risk Phrase has been assigned to the chemical, the Hazard Rating should be selected based on the harmful effects data according to the Hazard Rating definitions (Appendix 1).Note 5: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions.

7b Chem


Table 7b: Chemical Agent Inventory - 2 pagesSelected examples giving effects of over exposure and associated Hazard Ratings - illustrative only

Health Hazard Example including Risk Phrase(s) - Note 1

Harmful effects from over exposure (consequences) - Note 2

Hazard Rating (harm to people) - Notes 3, 4 & 5

Note 1: Many chemical agents fall into more than one health hazard group, but have only been listed once under the most hazardous group relevant. A list of current Risk Phrases is given in Table 7c; Risk Phrases are subject to change. Not all chemicals have assigned Risk Phrases. Note 2: Refer to the supplier's latest safety data sheet for detailed information on harmful effects. Note 3: For simplicity, Hazard Ratings have been based on the associated Risk Phrases, see Table 7c. There are a few exceptions, e.g. chemical asphyxiants are always given a Hazard Rating of '5' in view of the severity of their acute effects and potential for causing multiple fatalities. The Hazard Rating selected is linked to the most significant harmful effect (acute and/or chronic). Sometimes it is appropriate to select both the acute and chronic effect where both are significant.Note 4: Where no Risk Phrase has been assigned to the chemical, the Hazard Rating should be selected based on the harmful effects data according to the Hazard Rating definitions (Appendix 1).Note 5: See Appendix 1 for Hazard Rating definitions.

R20/21/22; 36/38 Chronic: Irreversible effects

Pulmonary oedema (acute): 4

R20 Chronic: Bronchitis Bronchitis (chronic): 3

Furfural (absorbed via skin)

R23/25; R40; R21; R36/37 Chronic: Category 3 carcinogenMethanol (absorbed via skin)

Acute: 4 (ingestion)

R39/23/24/25 Chronic: Irreversible effects: 3

Corrosive (R34;35) Toxic and Corrosive: 4

R35; R26/27/28 Chronic: Fluorosis

Corrosive: 4

R35 Chronic: n/aConcentrated Sulphuric acid Corrosive: 4

R35

Irritant (R36.37.38) KerosineIrritation: 2

R38; R65 Chronic: DermatitisMono, di, tri ethanolamine Acute: irritation to the eyes and skin Irritation: 2R36/38 Chronic: DermatitisDiisopropanolamine (ADIP) Irritation: 2

R36 Chronic: DermatitisSimple asphyxiant Propane; nitrogen; hydrogen Simple asphyxiant (acute): 4

No Risk phrases Chronic: n/a Chronic: 1

Cold burns Liquefied gasesCold burns (acute): 3

Dependent on gas Chronic: dependent on gas Chronic: dependent on gas

Platinum on alumina Loss of lung function: 2

No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung functionSpent alumina catalyst Loss of lung function: 2

No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung functionIron oxide (mild steel) fume Acute: respiratory irritation Loss of lung function: 2No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung functionGraphite Loss of lung function: 2

No Risk phrases Chronic: loss of lung function

Vanadium pentoxide (solid/dust)

Acute: Irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause pulmonary oedema. Green tongue.

Acute: Severe irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract; toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. Cat 3 carcinogen: 3 (via

inhalation and skin contact)

Acute: Irritatant to skin, eyes, respiratory tract. CNS effects: cough, dizziness, headache, nausea. Ingestion possible blindness/death.

Chronic: Dermatitis, persistent or recurring headaches, impaired vision

Hydrofluoric acid (absorbed via skin)

Acute: Corrosive to skin and eyes. Respiratory irritant, may cause pulmonary oedema

Concentrated Sodium hydroxide



Chronic: inorganic acid mist, possible systemic effects

Acute: irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract from mist and vapour, may cause lung damage if swallowed

Acute: irritation to the eyes , skin and respiratory tract from mist and vapour

Acute: Causes asphyxiation by displacement of oxygen from the atmosphere

Acute: Causes cold burns. Other effects dependent on the gas

Low toxicity particulates

Acute: irritation to the eyes (mechanical), skin and respiratory tract from dust



7c Chem


Table 7c: 2 pages

Risk/Safety Phrase reference: EU Dangerous Substances & Preparations DirectivesHazard Rating Reference: See Appendix 1

Number Risk Phrase Hazard Rating

R 20 Harmful by inhalation 3R 21 Harmful in contact with skin 3R 22 Harmful if swallowed 3R 23 Toxic by inhalation 3R 24 Toxic in contact with skin 3R 25 Toxic if swallowed 3R 26 Very toxic by inhalation 4R 27 Very toxic in contact with skin 4R 28 Very toxic if swallowed 4R 33 Danger of cumulative effects 3R 34 Causes burns 4R 35 Causes severe burns 4R 36 Irritating to eyes 2R 37 Irritating to respiratory system 2R 38 Irritating to skin 2R 39 Danger of very serious irreversible effects 4R 40 Possible risk of irreversible effects 3R 41 Risk of serious damage to eyes 3R 42 May cause sensitisation by inhalation 3 or 4R 43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact 3R 45 May cause cancer 4 or 5R 46 May cause heritable genetic damage 4R 48 Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure 3R 49 May cause cancer by inhalation 4 or 5R 60 May impair fertility 4R 61 May cause harm to the unborn child 4R 62 Possible risk of impaired fertility 3R 63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child 3R 64 May cause harm to breast fed babies 3R65

3

R66 Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking 2R67 Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness 2

Where there are no Risk Phrases, but a health-related Safety Phrase applies - allocate a Hazard Rating of '2':-S22 Do not breathe dust 2S23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray 2S24 Avoid contact with skin 2S36 Avoid contact with eyes 2

Chemical Agents: Using European Union Risk and Safety Phrases to assign Hazard Ratings (Consequence Categories)

May cause lung damage if swallowed (Note: only consider where there is a risk of ingestion. Otherwise base Hazard Rating on other risk phrases/harmful effects

associated with the substance)

Note 1: Risk and Safety phrases are required to be assigned to marketed products in Europe as part of labelling requirements. Note 2: A substance may have more than one Risk Phrase. Select the Hazard Rating associated with the Risk Phrase representing the most significant harmful effect.Note 3: For substances which have severe acute toxicity e.g. chemical asphyxiants such as hydrogen sulphide or carbon monoxide, a Hazard Rating of '5' always applies.Note 4: In some cases it may be decided that the harmful effects of the substance/preparation warrants a higher rating than the Risk Phrase indicates. Harmful effects data should always be reviewed.Note 5: Not all substances/preparations have been assigned Risk Phrases. In these cases, the Hazard Rating should be selected based on the harmful effects data with reference to the Hazard Rating definitions. In addition, not all chemical health hazards are marketed products, they may also be generated as a result of the process or task, e.g. vehicle exhaust emissions, welding gases and fumes.

7c Chem


S37 Wear suitable gloves 2S38 In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment 2S39 Wear suitable gloves 2S51 Use only in well ventilated areas 2

Carcinogens Hazard Rating

Substances known to be carcinogenic to man (based on epidemiological data) 4 or 5

4 or 5

3

Mutagens Hazard Rating

4

4

3

Hazard Rating

Substances known to impair fertility or cause developmental toxicity in humans 4

4

3

Substances which, if they are inhaled, ingested or penetrate the skin, may cause or increase the incidence of cancer.

Category 1 (R45 or 49)


Substances which are strongly presumed to be carcinogenic to man on the basis of animal studies or other relevant information (based primarily on anial test data)

Category 3 (R40)

Substances with possible carcinogenic concern for man, where there is insufficient evidence to place them in Category 2 (based primarily on animal test data)

Substances which, if they are inhaled, ingested, or penetrate the skin, may induce heritable genetic defects or increase their incidence.

Category 1 (R46)

Substances known to cause heritable genetic damage in humans (based on epidemiological evidence)

Category 2 (R46)

Substances which are strongly presumed to cause heritable genetic damage in humans on the basis on animal studies or other relevant information (based on in vivo studies)

Category 3 (R40)

Substances with possible mutagenic concern for man, where there is insufficient evidence to place them in Category 2 (based on in vivo studies)

Reproductive Toxins

Substances which may produce or increase the incidence of non-heritable adverse effects in the off-spring and/or an impairment of male or female reproductive functions or capacity



Sutstances which should be regarded as if they impair fertility or cause developmental toxicity in humans (this includes positive evidence in animal studies)


Substances which cause concern for human fertility or possible developmental toxicity

7d Chem


Table 7d: Chemical Agents: recognised references - 3 pages

Subject References (P = Primary; S = Secondary)

Overview SHSE Panel: Chemical Hazards: Health Risk Assessment and Exposure Evaluation 1995 (P)

CONCAWE: 00/52 Management of occupational health risks during refinery turnarounds (S)

CIA: What is Toxicology? 1995 (S)GUIDANCE ON SPECIFIC CHEMICAL AGENTS (See note 2 above)

Marketed products

Gasoline CONCAWE: 97/52 Gasoline Exposure Profile (S)

IP: Petrol at retail filling stations - Application of COSHH Carcinogens ACOP, 1995 (S)IP: Guidance on the declassification of tanks previously in leaded gasoline service, Feb 1998

Octel OIP 5 (01/92) Leaded gasoline tank cleaning and disposal of sludge (S)UK-HSE Control of diesel engine exhaust emissions in the workplace HSG187 1999 (S)

Various

Asbestos SHSE Panel: Asbestos 1986 (P)DOE: Asbestos Materials in Buildings, third edition - under revision (S)US-HSE Controlled Asbestos Stripping Techniques HSG189/1 1999 (S)UK-HSE:Working with abestos cement HSG189/2 1999 (S)

Benzene See also related references, e.g. carcinogens, gasoline

CONCAWE: 2/99 Environmental exposure to benzene (S)

Carcinogens

CIA: Carcinogens in the workplace (RC6) 1993 (S)

UK HSE L5 General COSHH ACOP, Carcinogens ACOP and Biological Agents ACOP. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1999. Approved Code of Practice (ACOP), Revised (S)

CONCAWE: catalogue of special interest (white) reports (see web site for latest up date). Selected documents are identified below. (S)

CONCAWE: catalogue of general interest (yellow) reports (see web site for latest up date). Selected documents are identified below. (S)

CONCAWE: 96/53 The role of the occupational physician in the petroleum industry - guidance for occupational physicians and managers (S)

CONCAWE: 94/52 An occupational physician's introduction to health hazards associated with working in a petroleum refinery (S)

Health and Safety Data Sheet templates prepared by Oil Products central office HSE focal points (P) - contact focal points for details

CONCAWE: 98/54 Classification and labelling of petroleum substances according to the EU dangerous substances directive (revision 1) (S)

CONCAWE Product Dossiers: Aromatic extracts (92/101); Liquefied petroleum gas (92/102); Gasolines (92/103); Bitumens and bitumen derivatives (92/104); Petroleum coke (93/105);

Kerosines/jet fuels (94/106); Gas oils (diesel fuels/heating oils) (95/107); Lubricating oil basestocks (97/108); Heavy fuel oils (98/109); Petroleum waxes and related products (99/110)

CONCAWE: 97/54 The health hazards and exposures associated with gasoline containing MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) (S)

Diesel engine exhaust emissions

Proprietary (purchased) chemical products

Manufacturer's/suppliers product safety data sheets (P); International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/icstart.html (S)

UK-HSE Environmental Hygiene series. Includes guidance on many individual chemical agents (S)

5-C2 Benzene: Process engineering and safeguarding practices manual - Shell Global Solutions (P)

IP: Application of control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) requirements for carcinogens at oil refineries and terminals, Aug 1998 (S)

UK HSE L5 Control of substances hazardous to health and carcinogens approved code of practice, 1999 (S)

Note 2: It is not practical to provide specific references for all known chemical agents. With a few exceptions for common hazardous substances and product information, listed guidance is of a general nature and focuses on hazard identification, exposure evaluation and common exposure control measures. Relevant Shell HSE Panel documents have been identified where these exist.

Note 1: See also Appendix 2 - General references.

7d Chem






Catalysts CONCAWE: 95/57 Catalyst handling procedures to minimise exposures (P)Hydrogen sulphide SHSE Panel: Hydrogen sulphide 1986 (P)

EP95-0317 Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in operations 10/95 (P)Lead alkyl compounds

MMMF/MMVF SHSE Panel: Man-made mineral fibres with addendum 1988 (P). Draft revision expected 2002

OP-HSE News forum alert M234 - Changes to ceramic fibres classification. June 1999 (P)ECFIA Code of Practice working with Refractory Ceramic Fibres (RCF) (S)

PCBs SHSE Panel: Safe handling and disposal of PCBs 1985 (P)Solvents SCL Review of toxicology hydrocarbon solvents. Toxicology Review No. 99.1416, 1999 (P)

UK-HSE Health risks management: A guide to working with solvents. HSG188 1999 (S)See also Exposure Evaluation below for further solvent specific guidance

Welding fume TWI: The facts about fume, a welding engineer's handbook (S)

UK-HSE: Assessment of exposure to fume from welding and allied processes (EH54) 1990 (S)

CEN470 Protective clothing for use in welding and similar activities - draft (P) EXPOSURE EVALUATION (see also overview document above):-

National Limits, where available (P)

Shell Advised Occupational Exposure Limits (P) e.g. benzene - see benzene briefing note above

Supplier's limits, if no other recognised limit is available (S)CIA: Guidance on allocating occupational exposure bands, 1997 (S)ECETOC Special Report No 13 Occupational Exposure Limits for hydrocarbon solvents 1997 (S)

UK-HSE MDHS 71 Analytical quality in workplace air monitoring 1991(S)

UK-HSE HS(G)73: Monitoring strategies for toxic substances, 1997 (S)

CIA: Guidance on monitoring of exposure 1993 (S)

Air measurement: UK-HSE Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS series) (P)sampling and analytical NIOSH manual of analytical methods (P)methods OSHA analytical methods manual (P)

CEN analytical methods (P)

Shell Report HSE 89.0004 Occupational Health - Lead alkyl compounds. Available from SIL Health Services HEH/13 (P) - see also guidance on leaded gasoline tanks above.

UK-HSE: The control of exposure to fume from welding, brazing and similar processes (EH55) 1990 (S)

BS6691 Part 1: 1986 Fume from welding and allied processes. Guide to methods for the sampling and analysis of particulate matter. Guide to methods for the sampling and analysis of gases (S)


Occupational Exposure Limits

ACGIH Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices plus associated documentation, latest edition (updated annually) (P)

Air measurement sampling strategies

CEN689:1996: Workplace atmospheres - Guidance for the assessment of exposure to chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy (S)

CEN482: Workplace atmospheres - general requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents 1994 (S)

Concawe, Report no. 87/57 - Review of strategies for the evaluation of employee exposures to substances hazardous to health. 1987 (S)

BOHS Technical Guide No. 11: Sampling strategies for airborne contaminants in the workplace 1993 (S)

ESIG: Measuring solvent vapour concentrations in the work environment - best practice guidelines, 1998 (S)

7d Chem






Shell validated methods - contact SIL-HE/2 for details (P)Local validated methods

Biological monitoring

EXPOSURE CONTROL MEASURES (see also overview documents above):-

General BOHS Technical Guide No 7: Controlling airborne contaminants in the workplace (S)Design and Engineering Practices Manual (P)CONCAWE 00/52 Management of occupational health risks during refinery turnarounds (S)

Ventilation ACGIH Industrial Ventilation - A Manual of recommended Practice, latest edition (P)UK-HSE HS(G)37: An introduction to local exhaust ventilation 1993 (S)

UK-HSE EH22 Ventilation of the workplace 1988 (S)

BS7258 Laboratory Fume Cupboards, Parts 1 - 4 1994 (S)

Procedure SHSE Panel: Guidelines for entry into confined spaces 1992 (P)SHSE Panel: Gas freeing and cleaning of oil storage tanks 1989 + addendum 1992 (P)SHSE Panel: Work permits 1981 (P)SHSE Panel: Guidelines for laboratory safety (P)SCL: The Shell Guide to warehousing of chemicals (P)

CEN132 Respiratory protective devices - Definitions 1991 (P)CEN 134 Respiratory protective devices - Nomenclature of components 1991 (P)

Personal Protective Equipment suppliers - literature/advisers (S)

Health surveillance

UK-HSE: MS23 Health aspects of job placement and rehabilitation: advice to employers (S)

UK-HSE: MS24: Health surveillance of occupational skin disease 1998 (S)UK-HSE: Health surveillance at work HSG61 1999 (S)

Laboratory tests for biological monitoring and biological effect monitoring (P) - guidance from SIL-HE/2

UK-HSE HS(G)167 Biological monitoring in the workplace: a guide to its practical application to chemical exposure 1997 (S)

UK-HSE HS(G)54: The maintenance, examination and testing of local exhaust ventilation 1998 (S)

Personal Protective Equipment

SHSE Panel: Personal Protective Equipment guide 1989 (P) - note many of the standards have been up-dated since publication, latest standards should always be used

UK-HSE HS(G) 53: The selection, use and maintenance of Respiratory Protective Equipment 1998 (S)

CONCAWE: 96/54 Development of a health surveillance programme for workers in the downstream petroleum industry. (S)

Appendix 1


APPENDIX 1: DEFINITIONS FOR HAZARD RATINGS (Consequences - harmto people)

References: SHSE Panel guide Risk Assessment Matrix 1999 (rev)SHSE Panel guide Health Risk Assessment 1994 (under revision)SHSE Panel guide Incident Classification and Reporting 1997

Consequence in terms of potential to cause 'Harm to People'

1

2

3

4

5

HAZARD RATING/ Consequence

Category (health)

SLIGHT HEALTH EFFECTS: (including first aid cases and medical treatment cases) Not affecting work performance or causing disability.

Agents not normally hazardous to health, such as non toxic dusts (as an acute inhalation hazard)

MINOR HEALTH EFFECTS (Lost Time Injury): Affecting work performance, such as restriction to activities (Restricted Work Case or Occupational Illness), or a need to take a few days to fully recover (Lost Workday Case).

Agents which have limited health effects which are reversible, e.g. irritants, defatting agents, many food poisoning bacteria.

MAJOR HEALTH EFFECTS (including Permanent Partial Disability and Occupational Illness). Affecting work performance in the longer term, such as a prolonged absence from work.

Agents which are capable of irreversible health damage without loss of life, such as noise, poorly designed manual handling tasks, hand/arm vibration, sensitisers, chemicals causing systemic effects, e.g. n-hexane causing peripheral neuropathy.

PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY OR ONE TO THREE FATALITIES from an accident or Occupational Illness:-

Agents which are capable of irreversible health damage with serious disability or death, such as corrosives, excessive heat or cold, known human carcinogens (small exposed population), sensitisers where the onset of sensitisation threatens continuing employment, psychological stress.

MULTIPLE FATALITIES from an accident or Occupational Illness):-Agents with potential to cause multiple fatalities, such as chemicals with acute toxic effects (e.g. hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide), known human carcinogens (large exposed population)

Note: Ratings for the same hazard may differ for Acute and Chronic health effects.

Acute health effects: those which occur suddenly and in a short time (seconds to hours) following exposure, generally to higher levels or concentrations of a health hazard. An acute exposure runs a comparatively short course.

Chronic health effects: those which occur gradually over a long period of time following repeated and prolonged exposure to relatively low levels or concentrations of a hazardous agent. In certain cases a short term exposure may result in a chronic health effect.

The allocation of Hazard Ratings to agents hazardous to health is an approximation of the potential severity of the harmful effects (consequence in terms of 'harm to people') that may occur following exposure. It is a tool that may be used as an input to the assessment of health risks to the business (by application in the Risk Assessment Matrix - see also footnote) or to the individual (as part of Health Risk Assessment).

Footnote:Health hazards may also have an impact on other Consequence Categories used in the Risk Assessment Matrix. For example: the consequences of ill health caused by work may lead to, e.g. liability claims, fines, production loss, raised insurance premiums, or damage to a company's reputation. Thus the 'Assets' and 'Reputation' columns should also be considered when assessing the risk to the business along with 'Harm to People'.

Appendix 2


APPENDIX 2: Selected general references applicable to the inventory as a whole

1. Occupational Health Management

Group HSE Management System 1999

HSE Management Systems (HSE-MS 1995)

Royal Dutch/Shell Group Procedure for HSE Management Systems (1997)

Risk Assesment Matrix 1999 (revised)

Minimum Health Management Standards (2001)

Occupational Health Management Guidelines 1989 (to be withdrawn)

Health Risk Assessment 2001 (rev)

Group HSE Performance, Monitoring and Reporting 2.0 (2000)

Medical Emergency Guidelines for Management 2001 (rev)Incident Classification and Reporting 1997 (under revision 2002)

CONCAWE99/58 Occupational health auditing (1): occupational hygiene

2. Health Risk Assessment in design

3. General references on occupational hygiene

Croner's Handbook of Occupational Hygiene, Croner, up-dateable edition

Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Parmeggiani, ed., International Labour Office, latest edition

Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, BA Plog, ed., National Safety Council, Chicago, latest edition

Hunter's Diseases of Occupations, Raffle, Arnold, latest editionMonitoring for Health Hazards at Work, Ashton and Gill, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, latest edition

The Occupational Environment - Its Evaluation and Control, American Industrial Hygiene Association, latest edition

Occupational Hygiene, edited by J.M. Harrington & K. Gardiner, Blackwell Science, latest editionPatty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol 1A and 1B: General Principles, Clayton (Ed), Wiley, latest edition

N.B. further advice and guidance can be obtained from SIL-Health Services in Central Office (HE Division). Assistance with purchase of any references can be obtained from the HEH/13, The Hague (SIL-Health Services Library)

Selected publications endorsed by the Shell HSE Advisers Panel (was the Shell HSE Committee) - these guides will be up-dated as part of the 'yellow' guides review.

An Introduction to Health Risk Assessment - A training package 1996 (replaced by HRA Learning and Development Programme - Shell Open University)

SIOP Projects Business Process Manual - Best Practice Number 8: Assessment and Assurance of Health, Safety and Environment Requirements in Capital Projects (under revision 2002)

Handbook of health hazard control in the chemical process industry: S Lipton and J Lynch - A Wiley-interscience publication

Appendix 3


APPENDIX 3:

ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, USA (web site: http://www.acgih.org/)

Kemper Woods Centre, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, USABOHS British Occupational Hygiene Society, UK (web site: http://www.bohs.org/)

Suite 2, Georgian House, Great Northern Road, Derby, England, DE1 1LTBS

Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE, UKCEN

Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050, Brussels, BelgiumCIA Chemical Industries Association, UK (web site: http://www.cia.org.uk/)

Kings Buildings, Smith Square, London, SWIP 3JJ, UKCEFIC European Chemical Industry Council (web site: http://www.cefic.be/links.htm)

Av. E. van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 1, B-1160, Brussels, BelgiumCIBSE Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers, UK (web site: http://www.cibse.org/)

Delta House, 222 Balham High Road, London, SW12 9BS, UKCONCAWE

Madouplein 1, B-1030, Brussels, BelgiumDEP Design and Engineering Practice, SIPM -

Available from: Shell International Oil Products, The Hague (Shell Global Solutions OGCH/1)DOE Department of the Environment

Books available from: HMSO (see below)ECETOC European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Belgium

Av. E. van Nieuwenhuyse 4, Box 1, B-1160, Brussels, BelgiumEP Shell Exploration and Production (web site: http://sww.siep.shell.com/ep/eps/he/index.htm)

Available from :SIEP, The HagueESIG European Solvents Industry Group

Av. E. van Nieuwenhuyse 4, BTE2, B-1160, Brussels, BelgiumHEL/HEH Health Services, SIL (web site: http://swwserv5.is.shell.nl/Health-PSU/index.htm)

Shell Centre, London; and The HagueHMSO Her Majesty's Stationery Office, UK (web site: http://www.biw.co.uk/BIW/register/627.htm)

HMSO, 51 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW8 5DR, UKICRP International Commission for Radiation Protection (web site: http://irpa.sfrp.asso.fr/icrp.html)

The Secretariat, PO Box 35, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 ORQ, UK

ILO International Labour Office, Geneva (web site: http://www.ilo.org/)ILO Publications, 4 route de Morillon, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland

IP Institute of Petroleum (web site: http://www.petroleum.co.uk/pubs.htm)61, New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR

ISO

ISO, 1 rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneve 20, SwitzerlandNEN Nederlands Engelse Norm

Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut (NNI), Postbus J059, 2600 GB Delft, NederlandsNIOSH

NIOSH Publications, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop C-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998NSC National Safety Council (web site: http://www.nsc.org/)

1121 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL 60143-3201, USAOGP International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (formerly E&P Forum) (web site: www.ogp.org.uk)

25/28 Old Burlington Street, London, W1X 1LB, U.K.OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA (web site: http://www.osha.gov/)

200 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, DC 20210SHSE Panel Shell Health, Safety and Environment Advisers Panel (web site: http://sww.shell.com/px/pxe/publ.htm)

List of organisations, acronyms and contact addresses referenced in the inventory

British Standards Institute (web site: http://www.bsi.org.uk/) - see also Shell External Standards web site: http://sww.shell.com/standards/

Comite Europeen de Normalisation (European Union) (web site: http://www.cenorm.be/) See also Shell External Standards web site: http://sww.shell.com/standards/

The Oil Companies' European Organisation for Environmental and Health Protection, Belgium (web site: http://www.concawe.be/)

Publications: The Review Journals Manager, Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB3, UK

International Standards Organisation (web site: http://www.iso.ch/) - See also Shell External Standards web site: http://sww.shell.com/standards/

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, USA (web site: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html)

Appendix 3


Publications available from: PXE, The HagueSCL Shell Chemicals Ltd (web site: http://sww-hse.scl.shell.com/ Look for HSEasy)

London, UKSEOP Shell Europe Oil Products

London, UKSIEP Shell International Exploration and Production (http://sww.siep.shell.com/ep/eps/he/health.htm)

The Hague, The NetherlandsSIL Shell International Limited

London, UKSRI Shell Retail International

London, UKSIPM Shell International Petroleum Maatschappij

The Hague, The NetherlandsTWI The Welding Institute, UK

Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6AL, UKUK-HSE

HSE Books, PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk, England, CO10 6FSUKPIA UK Petroleum Industies Association

9, Kingsway, London WC2B 6XHWHO World Health Organisation, Geneva (web site: http://www.who.org/)

CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland

Health and Safety Executive, UK (web site: http://www.open.gov.uk/hse/hsehome.htm) Books can be ordered via http://www.hsebooks.co.uk/homepage.html

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