publisher: achibest nig ltd

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 2

Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

Online International Conference Held on 26th – 27th August, 2020

ONLINE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

COPYRIGHT: © Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria,

Enugu Campus (2020)

ENQUIRIRES: [email protected]

ISBN: 978-978-985-709-8

PUBLISHER: Achibest Nig Ltd

Enugu, Nigeria (08063581978)

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 3



HOST: Prof. Geraldine E. Ugwuonah

Dean, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE:

Prof G. E. Ugwuonah - Dean/Conference Director

Dr V. A. Onodugo - Chairman

Dr E. K. Agbaeze - Member

Dr I. C. Nwakoby - Member

Dr D. O. Chukwunwike - Member

Dr E. C. Idoko - Member

Mr S. O. Ilo - Secretary

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS:

Paper 1: Appraisal of Multisectoral Responses to Covid19-Induced Global Economic

Recession: The Case of Nigeria

By

Prof. Eric Chiedu Eboh

Policy Economist and Professor of Agricultural Economics,

University of Nigeria

Chief Wealth Creation Officer for Delta State, Nigeria.

Paper 2: Exploring Multisectoral Responses to a Global Economy in Recession

By

Prof. Stanley C. Nwoji

Professor of e-Business and Entrepreneurship

Harrisburg University of Science and Technology

Harrisburg, PA

USA

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 4



SUB-THEMES AND TRACK LEADERS

1. Sustainability Marketing and Long-Term Customer Value Enhancement

by Prof J. O. Nnabuko and Dr C. D. Otei

2. Financial Inclusion, Systems and Environment

by Prof J. U. J. Onwumere and Dr I. G. Ibe

3. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in Turbulent Times

by Dr V. A. Onodugo, Dr E. K. Agbaeze, Dr O. T. Ude and Dr M. C. Arukwe

4. Financial Innovation, Technology and Emerging Markets

by Dr O. P. Egbo and Dr C. E. Onyeke

5. Issues in Public Sector Accounting and Finance

by Dr R. O. Ugwoke and Dr D. C. Chukwunwuke

6. Financial Accounting and Reporting

by Dr G. N. Ofoegbu and Dr I. J. Nnam

7. Mitigating Economic Hardship via Apprenticeship and Family-Owned Businesses

by Rev Fr Dr A. A. Igwe, Mr S. O. Ilo, and Barr G. O. Itiowe

8. Women in Corporate Management and Business: Prospects and Challenges

by Dr I. C. Nwakoby and Dr C. O. Manasseh

9. Customer – Technology Interface during and after Covid-19

by Prof G. E. Ugwuonah and Dr C. C. Ugwuanyi

10. Corporate Social Responsibility and Preserving and Environment of Business

by Dr E. C. Idoko and Mr K. E. Ogbonna

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 5



PREFACE

The re-definition of insanity according to Albert Einstein, is when one does the same thing over

and over again and expects a different result. We live in a world full of eccentricities, where

change seems to be the enduring constant thing in life. Consequently, human responses to issues

are largely defined by the context, and emerging challenges associated with the phenomena. The

world was taken unawares this year by the outbreak of Covid-19 which began in Wuhan, a

suburb in China last year, and assumed a pandemic proportion at the mid to later part of the first

quarter of this year. This singular unanticipated intervening variable reset the global agenda in

almost every sphere of life and drew attention to itself ever since. Experts in every field

including but not limited to health, social, economic, political and technology riveted focus to

this malaise. The highly contagious nature of the pandemic led to lockdowns initially and later

restrictions in movements. Scheduled meetings and conferences as well as sporting events all

were postponed or outrightly cancelled. Morbidity, mortality and shrinking livelihoods became

the inevitable aftermath.

As academics and researchers, we were not only forced to select our maiden international

conference theme to reflect and align with this global trend, it forced us to experiment with

online conference for the first time. The resounding feedback signalled that the conference was

as successful as it was efficient. Participants attended from across the globe expending limited

resources. This Book of Abstracts is to document the synopsis of the rich repertoire of papers

presented in the conference which was uniquely international.

We wish you all a happy reading

Prof Geraldine E. Ugwuonah Vincent A. Onodugo, PhD, Fcai, Fnim

Dean/Conference Director Chair, Local organizing committee

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 6



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Mobile Phone Possession, Digital Financial Service Charges and Digital Financial Inclusion

among Low-Income Groups in Edo State, Nigeria

Dr. Imhanrenialena, Benedict Ogbemudia1 and Ilo, Sylvester Okechukwu2 --- --- --- 14

Cattle Rearing Business in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects for Post-Covid-19-lockdown

Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development of Southeast Nigeria

1Chris C. Emeali; 2Magnus Ugwa, 3Ellis I. Idemobi; 4Gabriel C. Mgbemena, 5Johnson

Nwokeiwu, 6Bethel U. Oganezi, 7Chimeziem G. Udeze and 8Juliet A. Onwuchekwa --- --- 15

Determinants of Commercial Banks’ Credit to the Private Sector in Nigeria:

A Supply Side Approach

Obiamaka Egbo1, Godwin Imo Ibe2, Jude Chidi Anago3 and David Chidi Ozor4 --- --- --- 16

Blockchain Technology on Audit Practice: The Professional Accountants’ Fate

(A Literature Review)

Ngozi N. Ugwu1 and Stella E. Okeke2 --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- 17

Empirical Investigation of Oil Price Volatility-Macroeconomy Nexus in Oil-Exporting

Sub-Saharan Africa

David-Wayas, Onyinye Maria --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 18

The Effectiveness of the Igbo Apprenticeship System in Achieving Sustainable Business

Education

Eneh, N. C. J.1, Chris-Nnamchi, J. N.2, Ifediora, C. U.3, and Otiji, Chineme4 --- --- --- 19

Cashless Policy and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria:

Evidence from Lagos and Abuja Nigeria

Iyke-Ofoedu Maureen Ifeoma1, Eze Kingsley2, Okechi Obiora3and Agbaeze Emmanuel4 --- 20

Entrepreneurship and Small Business - The Bedrock to a Global Economy in Recession

Okoro Blessing Chineme1 and Madueke Daniel2--- --- --- --- --- --- --- 21

Leadership Succession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises in

Enugu State, Nigeria

Ben Etim Udoh1, Ogbonna Kenneth Egwuatu2and Okereke Lawrence Okoronkwo3--- --- 22

Effects of Social Media on Consumer Brand Awareness and Patronage of Nike Lake Resort

Services in Enugu: An Innovation Adoption Theory & Hierarchy of Effects Model

Exposition

Okolo Victor O.1, Obikeze Chinedum O.2, Oranusi Ifeanyichukwu N.3, Wali Kemkamma4, Nnadi

Nmere O.5 and Okoro Deborah P.6--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 23

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 7



Community Relations: A Panacea for Effective Basic Education Development in Nigeria

Ngozi Okey-Amalu1 and Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji2--- --- --- --- --- --- 24

Measuring Hotel Guests’ Experience: An Emerging Market Perspective

Samuel Ehimen1, Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji2 and Chidera Christian Ugwuanyi3--- --- --- 25

The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Rural Household Poverty in Enugu State

Cyril O. Ugwuoke1, Chukwudi C. Nwokolo2, Ngozi Idemili-Aronu3 and Igwe Ijeoma4--- --- 26

Techno-Advantage: The Implication of Differentiation Strategies on Corporate growth of

Nigerian Telcos

Joy Ifeoma Enemuo1, Chinyere Catherine Onyejiaku2 and Ben Etim Udoh3--- --- --- 27

Gender and Leadership Differences in Public Sector Organisations in South-East Nigeria 1,2Ezenwakwelu, Charity A. and Itiowe, Grateful O. --- --- --- --- --- --- 28

Tailoring Business in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects (A Study of Some Selected Tailors

in Enugu State)

Martha Chinyere Okonkwo --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- 29

Effect of Succession Management on Sustainability of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises

(SMES) in South East Nigeria

Ukairo Agwu Kalu1, Igwesi Chika George2 and Ijeh Mathew Chiedu3--- --- --- --- 30

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Start-ups in a Sub Saharan Africa

Court Timinepere Ogele1 and Arikekpar, Obaima Ateibueri2--- --- --- --- --- 31

Maritime Sector: Key Driver of Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Ikenna Amuka1 and Paul C. Ezinna2--- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- 32

Effects of Philanthropy on Corporate Reputation in a Global Pandemic

Court Timinepere Ogele --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- 33

Pandemic-Proof Globalisation: A Response to a Global Economy in Recession

Chinwe Regina Okoyeuzu1 and Angela Ifeanyi Ujunwa2--- --- --- --- --- --- 34

Repositioning Technology Education in Nigeria through Entrepreneurial Skill Acquisition

(A Study of Selected Tertiary Institutions in South-East Nigeria)

Obialor, Donatus Chukwuemeka --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- 35

Developing Entrepreneurial Behaviour: The Individual and Its Environment

Obialor, Donatus Chukwuemeka --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 36

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 8



Enhancing Long-term Customer Value in a Recessed Economy through Sustainability

Marketing Strategies

Dr. Ewuzie, C. O.1 and Dr. Ifediora, C.U.2--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 37

Influence of E-Learning Policy Pedagogy on Student-Centered Collaborative Learning and

Development in Higher Institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria

Dr. Arukwe Maureen Chiegeonu1 and Dr. Kelvin-Iloafu Lovlyn Ekeowa2--- --- --- 38

Women in Accounting Profession and their Place in a Developing Economy: Problems and

Prospects

Dr. Ezuwore-Obodoekwe Charity N1, Dr. Okeke-Muogbo Gloria N.2 and Dr. Oparah Promise

Chika3 --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- 39

New Product Marketing Challenges: Entrepreneurial Perspective and Empirical Evidence

from the Retail Outlets in Enugu Metropolis

Dr. Ude Anthony Obiora1, Dr. Ndu Vitalis Chinedu2 and Ude Love Ogochukwu3 ---- --- 40

Public Relations and Small Business Management: a Study of Government Relations in

Some Selected Markets in Kano State

Yakubu Mahmoud Musa1 and Dr. Uduji Joseph I.2 --- --- --- --- --- --- 41

Entrepreneurship Skills as a Panacea for the Growth of Small and Medium Scale

Enterprises in Enugu State

Emezue Leonard Nnabugwu1, Okobo Marian Mukosolu2 and Chikwendu Nneka Francisca3 --- --- 42

Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Manufacturing Company:

A Focus on the Effect of Business Environment

Dr. NicholasI. Achilike1, Ven. Bethel Oganezi2 and Dr. Linus Adama3 --- --- --- --- 43

The Effects of Gender on Perceptions of Human Resources Productivity among Health

Professionals: Evidence from Public Hospitals in South-East Nigeria

Dr. Ghasi Nwanneka Chidimma1 and Ogbuabor Daniel Chukwuemeka2 --- --- --- --- 44

Corporate Social Responsibility and Organisational Performance: Evidence from Nigeria

Breweries Enugu State Nigeria

Dr. Agu Okoro Agu1and Dr. Anichebe Nnaemeka Augustine2 --- --- --- --- --- 45

The Legal Status and Regulatory Challenges of Cryptocurrencies in Nigeria

Dr. Festus Okechukwu Ukwueze --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 46

Customer Retention Strategies and Growth of Hospitality Industry in South East, Nigeria

Dr. Ann Ogbo1 and Asemota Godswill 2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 47

Effective Public Sector Accounting as a Panacea to Finance Related Corruption in Nigeria.

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 9



Nnamani Chidiebere1, Eke Celestine Chinwe2, Ugwoke Obioma Vivian3, Dr. Ugwoke Robinson4

and Ozondu Mary Eberechukwu5--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 48

Succession Planning and Financial Performance: A Resource-Based View Analysis

Ohakim Emmanuel Chibueze1, Dr. Agbaeze Emmanuel Kalu2, Alaefule Fidelis

Odinakachukwu3, Iwobi Uche MaryRose4, Ugwuja Gertrude Chinelo5 and Chukwuma Isaac

Onyeyirichukwu6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 49

Humane Entrepreneurship & the Nigerian Youth in the Post-COVID-19 Era

Dr. Madichie O. Nnamdi1 and Dr. Nnonyelu Au Nkemdili2 --- --- --- --- --- 50

Investigating the Nexus between Digital Finance, Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth:

Evidence from Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Region

Charles O. Manasseh1, Ifeoma C. Nwakoby2, Kenechukwu K. Ede3, Jonathan E. Ogbuabor4,

Felicia C. Abada5, Felix C. Alio6 and Obiamaka P. Egbo7 --- --- --- --- --- 51

Integrated Sustainability Reporting and the Moderating Effect of Corporate Governance

Characteristics

Dr. Nnam Imaobong J.1, Dr. Ugwuja Chioma P.2 and Dr. Anisiuba Chika3 --- --- --- 52

Cultural Diversity and Sustainability of Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in


Olayeni Akintunde Olumayowa,1 Abua Benedict Okpuku2 and Onuegbulem Ngozi Ihuoma3 – 53

Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty: A Review of Literature

Joachin Uchechukwu Okolo and Dr Uduji I. Joseph --- --- --- --- --- --- 54

Financial Deepening, Innovation as Engine of Economic Development in a Digitized World

Dr. Obiekwe Chinelo Jenevive and Dr. Agu Nkechi Christiana --- --- --- --- --- 55

Effect of Talent Management on Career Development among Employees of Manufacturing

Firms in Enugu State

Onu Abara1, Okolo Marvis Ndu2 and Siaisia Timipa Siloko3 --- --- --- --- --- 56

Job Crafting, a Brain Drain Antidote in Public Universities in South-East Nigeria

Arachie Augustine Ebuka1, Dr. Agaeze Emmanuel Kalu2 and Monyei Francis3 --- --- --- 57

Survival Strategies of Small-Scale Business Enterprise in a Depressed Economy: A Case

Study of Some Selected Small-Scale Industries in Enugu Nigeria.

Adaora Uzochukwu1, Kennedy Uzochukwu2, Dr. Emmanuel Agbaeze3 --- --- --- --- 58

Exploring Effect of Electronic Media on Health Behaviour in Covid-19 Pandemic Era

Chukwu Amaechi M1 and Dr. Abugu O. James2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 59

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 10



,

Examining Financial Innovation Impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Ifeoma C. Nwakoby1, Charles O. Manasseh2, Kenechukwu K. Ede3, Felicia C. Abada4 and

Felix C. Alio6 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 60

Recent Developments in Environmental and Social Accounting Research in Nigeria:

A Call for Paradigm Shift in Approaches and Practices

Dr. Onyeanu Edith Ogoegbunam1 and Tijjani Ahmed Ajai2 --- --- --- --- --- 61

Organisational Intervention: The Quest in Turbulent Times 1Monyei Ezieshi Francis, 2Dr. Agbaeze Kalu Emmanuel, 3Nwoke Ngozi Suzan, 4Agaba Sheneni

Friday, 5Okolo Ndu Marvis, 6Afunwa Adachukwu Promise, and 7Chukwu Nnanna Clinton --- 62

Does Social Capital Improve the Role of Financial Behaviour on Financial Inclusion in

Suburban Business Clusters?

Chike Paschal Onodugo1, Ifeoma Joanes Onodugo2 and Dr. Anastasia Ifechukwudebelu

Ogbo --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- 63

Effect of Data mining on Fraud Detection and Control in Microfinance Banks in Nigeria

Odoh Longinus Chukwudi1 and Dr. Ofoegbu Grace Nnereugwu2 --- --- --- --- 64

Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Ajuh, Ali Iteh1 and Onyeanu Edith (Ph.D)2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 65

Apprenticeship System and the Performance of Family-Owned Businesses in Anambra

State, South-East, Nigeria

Chriscato Ikechukwu Ameke1, Anthony Obiora Ude2 and Ignatius Chukwuemeka Ekenechukwu3--- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- --- 66

Proliferation of Home-Based Enterprises Amid Economic Recession the Challenge for

Planners 1Nkeiru Hope Ezeadichie and 2Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah (Ph.D) --- --- --- --- 67

Entrepreneurial Marketing and Social Value Creation by Small and Medium Scale

Enterprises in Nigeria

Dr. Amadi Lawrence1 and Ihe Chima James2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 68

Materials management practices and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Firms in

Rivers State, Nigeria 1Okereke Lawrence Okoronkwo, 2Dr. Ben Etim Udoh & 3Kolawole Olasoji Abraham --- --- 69

Exploration of Adaptive Strategies for Sustainability of Small and Medium Scale

Enterprises in the face of Global Economic Downturn




Anisiuba, C. A. (Ph.D)1;Nnam, I. J. (Ph.D)2 and Ozioko, C.3 --- --- --- --- --- 70

Conflict Management and Courtesy Behaviour of Oil and Gas Companies in Port

Harcourt, Nigeria. 1Dr. Obiora-Okafo Chinedu Afamefuna, 2Okereke Lawrence Okoronkwo, 3Tojue Obianuju

Grace and 4Onyemachi Chidinma Adanso --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 71

Crypto-Currency and the Nigerian Economy: Problems and Prospects

Chibueze E. Onyeke1, Ngozi N. Ugwu2 and Kelvin-Iloafu Lovlyn Ekeowa3 --- --- --- 72

Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic and Entrepreneurial Marketing Response Strategies for

Recovery and Survival

Joseph Sunday Etuk --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- 73

Menopausal Symptoms and Leadership Style of Women Entrepreneurs in Supermarket

Business

Nome Ujebe, Ph.D1, Agha Nancy C, Ph.D2 and Ezezue, B.O, Ph.D3--- --- --- --- 74

Cybersecurity and Economic Development in Nigeria

Aziagba Shekinah Oluchukwu --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- 75

Empirical Analysis of the Casual Relationship between Creative Accounting and the

Quality of Annual Financial Statements of Banks in Nigeria

Ugwoke, Obioma Vivian1; Onyeanu, Edith Ogoegbunam2 and Ugwoke, Robinson Onuora3 --- 76

Enriching Corporate Governance Culture in Nigerian Companies through Qualitative

Audit Committees

Ugwoke Robinson Onuora1, Ugwoke Obioma V.2, Edith O. Onyeanu3, Ozor Chidi D4 and Chidi

Nnamani5 --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- 77

The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Growth of Faith-Based Organisations in

Nigeria

Uzodinma,Ifeyinwa Bernadette and Dr. Uduji, I. Joseph --- --- --- --- --- --- 78

Social Moderators of Workplace Change Process and Affective Commitment to Change of

Employees in the Financial Sector

Ifeoma Joanes Onodugo1, Rev. Fr. Dr. Igwe Anthony A.2 and Chike Pascal Onodugo3--- --- 79 .

Effect of Accounting Information System on the performance of Small and Medium Scale

Enterprises in Nigeria 1Odoh Longinus Chukwudi, 2Ilo Sylvester Okechukwu, 3Nnamani Chidiebere and 4Dr Nwekwo

Ngozi Mabel --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- --- 80




Entrepreneurship and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in

Turbulent Times in Anambra State: The Igbo Race Perspective

Agbionu, Clementina Uchenna --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- 81

An Assessment of Students’ Perception of Drivers of University Brand Equity in Nigeria

Achi David Achi and Prof. Geraldine Ugwuonah --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 82

A Causality Analysis between Social Contract and Tax Revenue

Chukwunwike, D. Onyekachi1 and Okoroiwu, K. Lugard2--- --- --- --- --- 83

Effect of Cashless Banking on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Dr. Ozoji Amara Priscilia1 and Dr. Ezechukwu Beatrice O2 --- --- --- --- --- 84

Assessment of the Effect of Non-Performing Loans on the Performance of Deposit Money

Banks in Nigeria in the Wake of a Global Economic Recession

Igwemeka, E.C.1, Onuselogu, Odidi C.2., and Ihegboro, Ifeoma M.3 --- --- --- --- 85

Expanding the Non-oil Sector through Diversification for Sustained Economic Growth of

Nigerian Economy

Okolo, Ndu Marvis1, Emengini Steve E2, and Okwu, Ifeanyi Peter3 --- --- --- --- 86

Impact of Financial Accounting and Reporting on the Profitability of Micro and Small

Enterprises: A study of South East Region of Nigeria 1Nsoke, Uche Peter and 2Dr. Ofoegbu, Grace N. --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 87

The Need for Government Intervention in Entrepreneurship Development in Enugu State:

A Case for the Coal Camp Enugu Industrial Motor Parts Business

Chikeleze Francis Okechukwu (Ph.D)1 and Etalong Thomas Alama2 --- --- --- --- 88

The Impact of Fair Value Accounting on the Reported Profit of Deposit Money Banks in

Nigeria 1Dr. Ofoegbu, Grace N. and 2Njoku, Emmanuel --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 89

Fraud Schemes and Fraudulent Accountants Prosecution in a Recessed Economy:

the Nigerian Situation 1Dr.Ojiakor Ijeoma P. and 2Osagioduwa Lucky Ogbomo --- --- --- --- --- --- 90

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Growth of Political Parties in South-East,

Nigeria

Flint Ikechukwu Obiekwe1 and Shed C. Moguluwa, PhD2 --- --- --- --- --- 91

Effects of Organizational Climate on Internal Customers’ Citizenship Behaviour:

Insights from Small Business Organization

Edwin Chukwuemeka Idoko1 and Romanus Onyeka Ugwuanyi2 ------ --- --- --- 92




Information and Communication Technology Systems Applications in Supply Chain

Management and Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Companies: Evidence from Nigeria

Igwe, Anthony Aniagbaoso and Aninwike, Onyemaechi Cyril --- --- --- --- --- 93

Reducing Graduate Unemployment in Nigeria through Apprenticeship and Participation

in Family-Owned Businesses

Chukwu Benjamin Ibe1, Obu Herbert Anayo2 and Agbaeze Emmanuel Kalu3 --- --- --- 94

Successors Mentoring: Does it Serve as Lifejacket for Achieving Family Business

Trans-Generational Transition? Evidence from Nigeria

Olayinka A. Abiodun, (Ph.D) --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- 95

Employees Relations and its Effect on Employee Performance

Sani Abubakar1, Eru Eka John2 and George Yebimodei Esther3--- --- --- --- --- 96

Politics of Place and Space: Travails of Micro-business Entrepreneurs at the Kenyatta

Building Materials Market in Enugu, Nigeria

Dr Victor U. Onyebueke --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- --- --- 97

Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management in Turbulent Times

Halilu Uba, Jacob Ojonugwa and Muhammed I. Abraham --- --- --- --- --- 98

Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Marketing Performance in the Hospitality

Industry: Mediating role of Corporate Image 1Nwekeala, B. and 2Ugwuonah, G. --- --- --- --- --- ------ --- --- 99




ICFBA201017 - Mobile Phone Possession, Digital Financial Service Charges and Digital

Financial Inclusion among Low-Income Groups in Edo State, Nigeria

Dr. Imhanrenialena, Benedict Ogbemudia1 and Ilo, Sylvester Okechukwu2 1,2Department of Management,

Faculty of Business Administration,

University of Nigeria Nsukka

Nigeria.

Abstract

The low adoption of digital financial services particularly among the low-income groups in spite

of the associated superior benefits in Nigeria remains a source of concern for policymakers and

researchers. Long queues are still being witnessed in banking halls with customers doing manual

transactions that could be done with mobile banking Apps. This phenomenon calls to question

the association between mobile phone ownership and digital financial service adoption. To

address the problem, this study investigated: (1) the relationship between mobile phone

possession by bank customers and the adoption of digital financial services; (2) the association

between digital financial service charges and the adoption of digital financial services among

low-income groups. The intercept method was used to recruit 403 bank customers at 15

automated teller machine (ATM) galleries while the questionnaire was used to collect

quantitative data from the participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data while

Pearson’s product-moment correlation was used to test the hypotheses. It was concluded that a

positive significant association exists between the possession of a mobile phone and the adoption

of digital financial services among low-income groups and that low digital financial service

charges increase digital financial inclusion.

Keywords: Digital financial services, financial inclusion, low-income groups, Nigeria




ICFBA201018 – Cattle Rearing Business in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects for Post-

Covid-19-lockdown Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development of Southeast Nigeria

1Chris C. Emeali; 2Magnus Ugwa

Department of Management

Coal City University Enugu, Enugu State

[email protected]; [email protected]

3Ellis I. Idemobi; 4Gabriel C. Mgbemena

Department of Business Administration

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University

(Formally Anambra State University) Igbariam, Anambra State

[email protected], [email protected]

5Johnson Nwokeiwu; 6Bethel U. Oganezi; 7Chimeziem G. Udeze

Department of Business Administration

Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

8Juliet A. Onwuchekwa

Department of Entrepreneurship Studies

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

[email protected]

Abstract

This study looked at the business of cattle rearing in the 21st century Nigeria with particular

reference to the southeast region. The broad objective of the study is to critically assess cattle

rearing business in Nigeria vis-à-vis its challenges, prospects and implications for post-covid-19-

lockdown recovery and sustainable development of the southeast region. The study was

subjected to empirical test using regression analysis with the aid of SPSS version 21 to find out

the contribution of the cattle rearing business to post-covid-19-lockdown economic recovery and

sustainable development of the southeast region using data sourced from a sample of 400

respondents drawn from the five states that constitute the Southeast region. The regression

analyses show that beta (standardized coefficients) is 0.959, r = .959, while r2 = 0.929, which is

about 92.9% contribution. This implies that cattle rearing business will contribute significantly to

economic recovery and sustainable development of the southeast region in the post covid-19-

lockdown era & beyond. In order to achieve this, the study recommended ranching of cattle;

reintroduction of local breed (known as Efi-Igbo) where they have gone into extinction in the

region; and involvement of the youths of the region in the cattle business as a veritable means of

employment creation; post-covid-19-lockdown economic recovery; and sustainable development

of the region.

Keywords: Cattle Business, Post-Covid-19-lockdown Recovery, Sustainable Development.




ICFBA201020- Determinants of Commercial Banks’ Credit to the Private Sector in

Nigeria: A Supply Side Approach

Obiamaka Egbo1, Godwin Imo Ibe2, Jude Chidi Anago3 and David Chidi Ozor4 1,2,3 Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of

Nigeria, Enugu Campus 4 Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu

Campus

Abstract

Our study examined the determinants of deposit money banks credit to the private sector in

Nigeria from 1986 to 2017. This study was based on the loan pricing theory detailed in the work

of Stiglitz & Weiss (1981) and the hold up and soft-budget constraint theory. Based on the

theory we thus investigated the relationship that exists between loan and advances of commercial

banks and each of the explanatory variables i.e. volume of deposits, investment portfolio, interest

rate, cash reserve requirement and liquidity ratio using the ARDL test statistic. The results

emanating from this study are quite revealing for Nigerian banking sector and the economy. The

result of our analysis reveals that monetary policies and channels have serious impact on the

credit granted by the commercial banks. One of the major objectives of Nigeria’s monetary

policy is the maintenance of price stability and volatile price stability has serious impact on the

volume of credit to the private sector. Using this yardstick, the outcome of monetary policy in

Nigeria has been generally mixed. The wide volatility in inflation rate in Nigeria is quite

worrisome. The real economic growth spurs more credit to the private sector in Nigeria. This

study therefore amongst others recommends that the various determinants i.e liquidity ratio,

lending rate, broad money, loan to deposit ratio, real GDP and inflation rate co-integrating with

deposit money banks credit to the private sector may have implications for policy analysis,

although often in conjunction with each other rather than separately. So, policy makers should

consider these factors together, properly and timely than selectively to achieve optimal credit

allocation to the private sector.

Keywords: Loan and advances, Volume of deposits, Investment portfolio, Interest rate, Cash

Reserve requirement and Liquidity ratio




ICFBA201021- Blockchain Technology on Audit Practice: The Professional Accountants’

Fate (A Literature Review)

Ngozi N. Ugwu1 and Stella E. Okeke2 1,2, Department of Banking and Finance

Faculty of Business Administration

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The recent debate on the unmanageable impact of blockchain, focused mostly on some of the

interesting features which includes transparency, immutability, traceability and incorporation of

procedures and rules against the traditional audit and assurance profession. Blockchain polished

with current technical developments, processes and service innovation which include smart

contracts and widely held registers, have the potential to significantly change audit and control

activities. In this study, we reviewed several literatures by some scholars to ascertain what

potential impact the blockchain technology will have on audit practice and what will likely be

the fate of accountants and auditors in the face of this new technological development.

Keywords: Blockchain Technology; audit practice; audit and assurance profession;

accountants and auditors’ fate




ICFBA201022 -Empirical Investigation of Oil Price Volatility-Macroeconomy Nexus in Oil-

Exporting Sub-Saharan Africa

David-Wayas, Onyinye Maria

Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Abstract

This paper examines the oil price–macroeconomy nexus of 14 oil exporting countries in Sub-

Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 1981q1–2015q4 using panel ARDL methodology. The

paper further investigated the effects of oil price volatility on the agricultural, manufacturing and

services sectors; and the channels through which oil price volatility transmits to these economies.

Our overall results show that oil price volatility has negative insignificant impact on

macroeconomic activities both in the short run and long run. In addition, oil price volatility has

negative and insignificant impact on agricultural and services sectors but a positive and

insignificant effect on manufacturing sector. Finally, in term of channels of transmission,

exchange rate, interest rate and inflation exhibit positive response to oil price volatility on

macroeconomic activities. These findings confirm the famous “Dutch Disease” being preached

by several scholars. Therefore, it is recommended that these economies diversify and boost non-

oil sectors in order to mitigate the effects of oil price volatility. The main contribution of this

study is that it provides the robust estimates of the heterogeneous effects of oil price fluctuations

on macroeconomic activities, primary, secondary and tertiary sectors across countries in SSA in

both the short-run and long-run.

Keywords: Macroeconomic Performance, Sectors, Oil Price Volatility, Transmission

Channels, Oil-exporting Economies, SSA.




ICFBA201025- The Effectiveness of the Igbo Apprenticeship System in Achieving

Sustainable Business Education

Eneh, N. C. J.1, Chris-Nnamchi, J. N.2, Ifediora, C. U.3, and Otiji, Chineme4 1Department of Business Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus.

2,3Department of Marketing, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. 4Faculty of Education, Enugu State College of Education Technical.


Abstract

Business education for the Igbo man means serving an existing and successful trader and

learning all he has to offer over the years.He also created a sustainable and durable system of

apprenticeship and training that has produced billionaire businessmen and multi-billion

companies in Nigeria and the world over. This research is for the study of the effectiveness of the

Igbo apprenticeship system with the aim of; determining the relationship between the system and

successful business start-ups.Also, establishing the extent to which the system ensures business

networking among the traders in the markets in Enugu State Nigeria and establish the extent to

which the system assures the raising of initial capital for business start-ups and sustainability of

businesses.This study is based on descriptive survey design method, which used structured

questionnaires to gather the primary data needed from the respondents. It was carried out on 17

major markets in the Southern Nigeria, 220 questionnaires were shared across these markets in

the course of the study. Finally, the study confirmed that there is a significant relationship

between the Igbo apprenticeship system and; successful business start-ups, business networking

amongst traders, raising of initial capital for business and business sustainability.

Keywords: Business, Apprentice, System, Igbo, Market




ICFBA201026 - Cashless Policy and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria:

Evidence from Lagos and Abuja Nigeria

Iyke-Ofoedu Maureen Ifeoma1, Eze Kingsley2, Okechi Obiora3 and Agbaeze Emmanuel4

1,2,3,4 Department of Management,


University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu Nigeria.


Abstract

The emergence of new generation banks changed the banking landscape in Nigeria with the

introduction of state-of-the-art technology-induced operations, which exposed the weaknesses of

the so-called old generation banks which include mainly the three Giants: First Bank, United

Bank for Africa and Union Bank. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was at the

centre of this change curve. Correspondingly, banks all over the world are expected to imbibe

with best-practice corporate governance, improve on self-regulation, enhance the capital base,

institute IT-driven culture, be customer-oriented and seek to be competitive in today’s

globalising world. Cashless policy is the method of banking through which customers can carry

out their banking transaction electronically without cash, without visiting a bank branch. Among

other benefits, cashless banking saves time, customers need not visit the bank branch, and banks

have the opportunity to enhance their customer base thereby experience improved profits but

there is still low implementations of cashless policy in Nigeria. This paper investigated the effect

of the cashless policy on performance of deposit money banks in Lagos State and Abuja,

Nigeria. However the specific objectives are to ascertain the effect of POS transactions on the

efficiency of deposit money banks; Identify the extent to which human capital development

affects the innovation of deposit money banks, and to establish the effect of automated payments

on reduced cash management costs in Lagos State and Abuja, Nigeria. The paper adopted survey

research method, making use of structured questionnaire and interview schedule as instruments

for data collection. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The population of

the paper was 143 that comprised the management staff of the First Bank Plc and United Bank

Plc in Lagos State and Abuja, Nigeria. Due to manageability of the population, holistic sampling

was employed by the paper. It was found that Point of sale transactions had a positive effect on

the efficiency of deposit money banks (r = 1.000, p<0.05)

Keywords: Cashless policy, Automated payment, POS Transactions and Transactional

Efficiency




ICFBA201035 - Entrepreneurship and Small Business - The Bedrock to a Global Economy

in Recession

Okoro Blessing Chineme1 and Madueke Daniel2 1Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Godfrey Okoye

University, Ugwuomu-Nike, Enugu State | Email:

[email protected] 2Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria Enugu

Campus


Abstract

Entrepreneurship, with its focus on opportunities, is often seen as one of the foundations of

poverty alleviation. This paper, therefore, seeks to discuss entrepreneurship and small business

as the bedrock in the global economy in recession. One of the factors that influence the economy

of a nation, either directly or indirectly. It is a fact that entrepreneurship plays a significant part

in shaping the landscape of a country’s economy. Economists and policy makers recognize this

fact. Entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth and it has come to be perceived as a

catalytic agent for expansion and promotion of productive activities in every sphere of economic

life all over the world. This research focus on finding out how entrepreneurship influences the

global economy in recession. The main objective of this paper is to show the significant of small

business impact on the global economy in recession. It is, thus, reasonable to contend that

entrepreneurship is instrumental to unlocking economic growth, create employment and reduce

poverty. The paper further examines some of the challenges faced by entrepreneurs and small

business to global economy in recession. Secondary source of information was adopted and a

qualitative technique that focused on conceptual exploration, theory and critical analysis of

empirical studies. The literature review was comprehensive and aligned to the research

questions. Qualitative method that provides relevant information were used. Data were collected

through books, journal and internet. The paper concluded that SMEs are the largest employers

of labor and wealth creation. SMEs provide employment, eradicate poverty and help in

developing entrepreneurial activities. Lastly, recommendation has been offered to boost SMEs

developments in economic recession.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Small Business, Bedrock. Global Economy, Recession




ICFBA201059 - Leadership Succession Planning and Sustainability of Small and Medium

Enterprises in Enugu State, Nigeria

Ben Etim Udoh1, Ogbonna Kenneth Egwuatu2, and Okereke Lawrence Okoronkwo3 1,2,3Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]

Abstract

Leadership succession planning in SMEs is the process whereby management and ownership

rights of production activities and assets of an enterprise accumulated by one generation of a

nuclear or extended family are transferred to the next generation to ensure the growth and

continuity of a business. Business sustainability is the ability of a business to meet and sustain

their present needs without jeopardizing its chances of meeting its future needs. Most of the

SMEs in Nigeria are run by their proprietors or a small management team and very little is

observed in relation to proper leadership succession planning as a strategy for sustainability.

Consequently, not many of them survive the litmus test of a generational transfer of leadership.

This study investigated leadership succession planning and sustainability of SMEs in Enugu

State, Nigeria. The study specifically sought to: assess the nature of relationship between

mentoring and management competence and evaluate the extent to which training and

development affect adaptability of employees. The study adopted a survey design. The

population of the study was 267 owners/managers of registered SMES in Enugu State. Census

technique was adopted. Data were collected using the questionnaire and oral interview guide.

The questionnaire was structured on 5-point Likert Scale and was manually administered to the

respondents. A pilot study was conducted using test – retest method and tested with Spearman

Ranking Order Correlation Coefficient. The result gave a reliability coefficient of 0.93,

indicating a high degree of items consistency. Face and content validation of the instrument was

done by five research experts from both the industry and academia. Data collected were analyzed

using Simple Linear Regression and Pearson Product Moment Correlation, at 5% probability

level of significance. The findings indicated a significant positive relationship between

mentoring and management competence (r = .86, p = 0.000 < 0.05) and that training and

development, to a great extent, affected adaptability of employees (r = 0.984; t = 11.06; F =

948.67; p = 0.000 < 0.05).The study concludes that successful succession in SMEs is an

indispensable organizational and managerial renewal as well as the key to not only sustainability

of the individual firms but also national economies. The study therefore recommends that owners

of SMEs should introduce successors for their businesses early enough then design and promote

robust policies and long-term strategies of developing and empowering them to improve their

competence and commitment that will enhance sustainability of the firms.

Keywords: Leadership Succession Planning, Sustainability, Small and Medium Enterprises




ICFBA201062 - Effects of Social Media on Consumer Brand Awareness and Patronage of

Nike Lake Resort Services in Enugu: An Innovation Adoption Theory & Hierarchy of

Effects Model Exposition

Okolo Victor O.1, Obikeze Chinedum O.2, Oranusi Ifeanyichukwu N.3, Wali Kemkamma4,

Nnadi Nmere O.5 and Okoro Deborah P.6 1, 5,6Department of Marketing, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu Campus, Email:

[email protected] 2Department of Marketing, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli.

3Department of Marketing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. 4Department of Marketing, Ken SaroWiwa Polytechnic, Bori.

Abstract

Communication has initiated a paradigm shift from the traditional to the new social media. This

study investigated the effects of Twitter messages and Facebook messages on consumer brand

awareness and patronage of Nike Lake Resort services in Enugu: an innovation adoption theory

& hierarchy of effects model exposition. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain

the extent of the relationship between Twitter messages and consumer brand awareness and

patronage of Nike Lake Resort services. Also, to determine the extent of the relationship between

Facebook messages and consumer brand awareness and patronage of Nike Lake Resort services.

This study contributed to the extant gap in marketing literature from the perspective of deploying

Twitter messages and Facebook messages to promote Nike Lake Resort services in Enugu. The

population of the study includes consumers of services of Nike Lake Resort selected through

convenient sampling technique. A pilot study was conducted and a sample size of 230 was

determined using Freund and William's method. The Pearson product moment correlation

coefficient was used to analyse of data. Findings revealed a significant relationship between

Twitter messages and consumer brand awareness and patronage of Nike Lake Resort services (r

= 0.954, p < 0.05). Also, it was revealed that there is a significant relationship between Facebook

messages and consumer brand awareness and patronage of Nike Lake Resort services (r = 0.942,

p < 0.05). Twitter messages and Facebook messages are effective marketing tools for

communicating Nike Lake Resort services to consumers. There is a need for Nike Lake Resort to

improve on the use of Twitter messages and Facebook messages channels to help boost

consumer awareness and patronage in future.

Keywords: Twitter messages, Facebook messages, Consumer brand awareness, Consumer

patronage, Innovation adoption theory, Hierarchy of effects model.




ICFBA201066 - Community Relations: A Panacea for Effective Basic Education

Development in Nigeria

By

Ngozi Okey-Amalu1 and Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji2 1,2 Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu

Campus, Email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

The imperativeness of education led to the launch of Universal Basic Education (UBE) in

Nigeria. This covers early childhood education which involves nine years of formal education,

skill acquisition programmes and education to special groups such as nomads and migrants, girl-

child and women as well as “Almajiri street children” and disabled groups. Despite the national

efforts to provide free and compulsory basic education to all children, Nigeria still has one of the

largest out-of-school populations in the world. Community relations is steadily being recognized

as an indispensable factor for growth and development, especially in the present rapidly

changing social, political and economic climate where everyone appears somewhat interested to

grow, succeed, be heard and recognized, involved in daily activities of its locality. However,

little research attention has been devoted to unravel the effects of community relations

approaches on the adoption of UBE among children of school age. Research efforts in this

direction, potentially may enhance understanding among stakeholders in education sectors

regarding the appropriate mechanism geared towards building sustainable children enrolment in

UBE programme. This paper conceptually seeks to position community relations as a way out to

harness the numerous benefits of UBE.

Keywords: Community relations, Basic education, Universal Basic Education (UBE), Nigeria.




ICFBA201092 - Measuring Hotel Guests’ Experience: An Emerging Market Perspective

Samuel Ehimen1,

[email protected]

Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji2, and

[email protected]

Chidera Christian Ugwuanyi3

[email protected]

*1,2,3: Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria,

Enugu Campus

Abstract

Hotels have become a growing business sub-sector increasing in relevance across the globe and

contributing to the economy of most developing nations. However, an understanding of hotel

guests’ experience is still vague leading to poor understanding of the concept. This study seeks to

enhance our knowledge of hotel guest experience to assist managers in making appropriate

policies.The study utilised an intercept approach to collect data from 200 hotel guests in Asaba,

Delta state in south-south Nigeria. The research model and the formulated hypotheses were

tested using partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) with the aid of SmartPLS

software.The study findings reveal that guest experience components (utilitarian and relational)

have a positive and significant influence on guests’ satisfaction. However, the influence of

hedonic experience on satisfaction was not statistically significant. Overall, the proposed model

explained 56.5% of the variance in guest satisfaction. Finally, theoretical and managerial

implications were discussed, and future research avenues suggested.

Keywords: Guest experience, Tourist experience, Satisfaction, Hospitality and Tourism

Industry, Hotels.




ICFBA201095 - The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the Rural Household Poverty in

Enugu State

Cyril O. Ugwuoke1, Chukwudi C. Nwokolo2,

Ngozi Idemili-Aronu3 &Igwe Ijeoma4 1,3, 4Department of Sociology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State

2Centre for Entrepreneurship & Development Research, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu

State

Abstract

Concerns on the negative impact of the global financial crisis on rural household poverty

necessitated this study. Evidence showed that rural households affected depended on

remittances. This led to the choice of Edem in Nsukka of Enugu state as the study area. The

2009/2010 and 2011 Community Based Monitoring System surveys were adopted. Factor

analysis and logit methodologies were used, and the result showed that the negative impact of the

crisis was significant in four of the five dimensions considered. Using the 2011 data we

discovered that the negative impact was still prevalent in Edem since improvement was only

witnessed in employment/labour security asset poverty while the negative impact on the other

three and the physical asset not affected before were significant. The study recommended among

others that the government need create awareness on the importance of savings and adopt

programmes such as conditional cash transfers to tackle such crisis.

Keywords: Multidimensional asset poverty, global financial crisis, remittances.




ICFBA201096 - Techno-Advantage: The Implication of Differentiation Strategies on

Corporate growth of Nigerian Telcos

Joy Ifeoma Enemuo1, Chinyere Catherine Onyejiaku2and Ben Etim Udoh3 1,2,3Department of Management


University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu

Email: [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

This study examines the advantage of techno differentiation strategies and how it affects the

organizational growth of telecom firms in Nigeria. The study specifically ascertains the effect of

personnel differentiation on the telecommunication firms’ ability to outperform their competing

rivals. It also assesses the effect of service differentiation on the competitive advantage of

telecommunication firms in Nigeria. Survey design was adopted, and Data was collected through

structured self-studied questionnaire designed on Likert scale. The main source of data was

primary, and the target population consisted of staff of four GSM telecomm firms in Southeast,

Nigeria. The hypotheses were tested through, Simple Linear Regression at 0.05 level of

significance. The finding shows that personnel differentiation affected positively on the

telecommunication firms’ ability to outperform their competing rivals. There was a positive

effect of service differentiation on the competitive advantage of telecommunication firms.

Telecommunication firms in Nigeria need to utilize innovative designs strategy. It was also

advised that telecommunication firms’ managers should utilize much of service technological

differentiation strategy as it has been proven to have the highest significant effect on the firm

public’s perception which influences the corporate growth.

Keywords: Technological Advantage; Personnel Differentiation; Competitive Edge; Service-

Channel.




ICFBA201097 - Gender and Leadership Differences in Public Sector Organisations in

South-East Nigeria

1,2Ezenwakwelu, Charity A. and Itiowe, Grateful O.

1,2Department of Management

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

[email protected]

Abstract

This study focused on gender and leadership differences in public sector organisations in south-

east, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the leadership issues encountered by

women in public sector organisations; ascertain the leadership issues encountered by men in

public sector organisations, assess the relationship between masculinity and transactional

leadership style; and determine the relationship between femininity and transformational

leadership style. The study adopted the survey design. The population of the study was 1426

junior and senior staff from seven selected public sector organisations in Southeast, Nigeria. The

proposed hypotheses were tested with Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS

–SEM) and Spearman bivariate correlation using Statistical Package for social Sciences (SPSS)

Version 20 and Smart PLS. The findings revealed thatdiscrimination, prejudice and pressure

from home were the leadership issues encountered by women in public sector organisations;

while insecurity, impatience and domination were the leadership issues encountered by men in

public sector organisations. Also, there was a positive relationship between masculinity and

transactional leadership style and there was also a positive relationship between femininity and

transformational leadership style. The study recommended that there should not be any form of

discrimination against women in leadership while women should strive to balance the family

roles with their job roles.

Keywords: Gender, Leadership, Masculinity, Femininity, Transactional leadership and

Transformational leadership




ICFBA201104 - Tailoring Business in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects (A Study of Some

Selected Tailors in Enugu State)

Martha Chinyere Okonkwo

Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration


Email: [email protected],

Abstract

This study examined tailoring business in Nigeria: problems and prospects with particular

reference to a study of some selected tailors in Enugu Metropolis and was guided by three

objectives which are consistent with the research questions and hypotheses. The study adopted

descriptive survey in its design and used purposive sampling to select 133 respondents from a

population of 305. Data used was generated with a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and its

reliability yielded an index of .939 or (93%). Ordinary Least Square (regression) was used to test

the hypotheses with the aid of 22.0 versions of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).

Findings from the study show that lack of adequate Government funding has significant effect on

the growth and development of tailoring business in Nigeria. It was also observed that

difficulties in getting loans adversely affect the growth of tailoring business in Nigeria. The

study equally shows that unstable Nigerian economy and politics hampers the development of

tailoring business in Nigeria. based on the findings, the study recommends among others that

Certain policies and structures aimed towards making loans and financing available to

entrepreneurs are already in place, that is, Commercial Banks are required to set apart 10% of

their profits to serve as capital for entrepreneurs. But most times, it is difficult for entrepreneurs

who do not have personal affiliations within the bodies to access the capital. It is therefore

necessary to set up internal monitoring and control unit to ensure compliance.




ICFBA201111 - Effect of Succession Management on Sustainability of Small and Medium

Scale Enterprises (SMES) in South East Nigeria

Ukairo Agwu Kalu1, Igwesi Chika George2 and Ijeh Mathew Chiedu3 1, 2 Department of Management,

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria

Emails: [email protected], [email protected] 3 Department of Business Administration and Management,

Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria


Abstract

Many prominent and even internationally acclaimed business organizations have gone into

extinction due to succession management challenges, notwithstanding their richly endowed

financial and material resources. Succession management ensures seamless transition of

managerial decision making of a firm to the next generation when the owner is no longer part of

the business. The study investigated the effect of succession management on sustainability of

Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in South East, Nigeria. However, the specific

objectives were to ascertain the effect of competitive intelligence on the growth of SMEs; and to

determine the effect of technological advancements on competitive advantage of SMEs in South

East Nigeria. The study is anchored on Elgar’s Performance Theory of organization and the

Resource Based Firm theory which emphasizes that the physical, organizational strategies,

financial and human resources have the potential to provide firms with sustainable competitive

advantage. The study adopted the survey research method, making use of structured

questionnaire as instruments for data collection. Data were collected from primary and

secondary sources. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation

Coefficient and the simple linear regression. It was found that succession management through

well-conceived competitive intelligence positively affected the growth of SMEs; technological

advancements positively affected competitive advantage of SMEs. It was, therefore, concluded

that succession management through competitive intelligence and technological advancement

positively affected the sustainability of SMEs through firm growth and competitive advantage.

The study recommended that for SMEs to be sustained and enhance its operational life span,

effective succession management should be adopted.

Keywords: Succession Management, Competitive Intelligence, Firm Growth, Technological

Advancement, Competitive Advantage, Sustainability of




ICFBA201113 - Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Start-ups in a Sub Saharan Africa

Court Timinepere Ogele1 and Arikekpar, Obaima Ateibueri2 1Department of Business Administration,

University of Africa, Toru- Orua, Nigeria


Phone No: +234(0)8066933764 2Department of Business Education,

Isaac Jasper Boro College of Education, Sabgama, Nigeria


Abstract

The globe is under an economic bust consequent upon a full-scale lockdown of business sectors

as a measure to contain the contagion of COVID-19 outbreak. To mitigate effects and come out

of economic downturn, building friendly entrepreneurial ecosystem is the panacea to engender

nascent entrepreneurship. Consequently, this study draws on theoretical frameworks of

entrepreneurial ecosystem and early entrepreneurial activities. The variables and data were

drawn from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey ranging from 2019-2004. The

sample observations of the study were eight countries across sub Saharan Africa. The country-

level data were analyzed through the application of least square regression to determine the

nexus between the financing environment, government support policy, physical and service

infrastructure and entrepreneurial start-ups. The study findings demonstrate that entrepreneurial

financing had positive effect on nascent entrepreneurship; government support policy had

positive effect on entrepreneurial start-ups; infrastructure had positive effect on early

entrepreneurial activity. In this paper, we also discussed practical and policy implications in the

African context.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial ecosystem, Early entrepreneurial activity, Start-ups, Economic

recession and Africa




ICFBA201114 - Maritime Sector: Key Driver of Economic Growth and Sustainable

Development in Nigeria

Ikenna Amuka1 and Paul C. Ezinna2 1,2Institute of Maritime Studies


Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

Nigeria’s Maritime sector is a neglected gold mine. It is capable of becoming a key engine of

economic growth and sustainable development, if enhancive strategies are implemented for

optimum efficiency. Nigeria’s maritime sector performance for 2019, like the global maritime

business in the evidently points to the negative. However, factors that led the local maritime

downward are different from factors that negatively affected global maritime sector. This paper

will assess the technologies advancement, automation and digitalisation of Nigeria maritime

sector to ensure it attain global best practices recommended by International Maritime

Organisation (IMO) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

Currently, technological advancement is bringing its transformative advantages to the maritime

ports and shipping space. In the industry known for complex issues, large scale, and a need for

firm reliability, digital technologies that create new opportunities for better optimization,

automation, and profitability. The study will also analyse maritime performance indicators which

includes performance measurement, direct shipping connectivity, port improved management

and environmental factor. Performance indicators are systematic tools that determine nature and

critical issues that confront shipping industry and ports, help evaluate the possible impact of

another policy decision. The challenges, prospects and sustainability of maritime sector in

Nigeria over the years will be properly reviewed. The maritime future poses numerous

challenges, but also erupt numerous opportunities. Global trade is expanding, Ports and shipping

as its workhorse are undergoing transformation and facing massive challenges in maintaining

competitiveness. Theories, analyses supporting statistical data, and related information from

other relevant institutions and agencies, served as the framework of the study. The result of the

study is expected to contribute in economic growth and sustainable development of the maritime

sector.

Keywords: Maritime Sector, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development, Automation and

Digitization, Performance Indicators, Shipping and Ports.




ICFBA201115 - Effects of Philanthropy on Corporate Reputation in a Global Pandemic

Court Timinepere Ogele

Department of Business Administration, University of Africa, Toru- Orua, Nigeria

Email: [email protected],

Abstract

This paper examines the nexus between corporate philanthropy and reputation from the prisms of

a global pandemic. As a response to stakeholders caught in the web of COVID-19 contagion,

public and private organizations engage in philanthropic activities to mitigate the spread of the

pandemic and spin-off effects arising from enforcement of prescribed preventive protocols by

governments at all levels. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design and a sample of 20

public and private organizations were selected through purposive sampling procedure in Bayelsa

State, Nigeria. Data were collected from respondents (Recipients of palliatives) through a

structured questionnaire. Considering organizations as the unit of analysis, the data were

aggregated, averaged and analyzed through descriptive statistics, pair t-test and multivariate

regression analysis. The results demonstrated that corporate philanthropy to employees had

positive effect on internal corporate reputation; corporate philanthropy to publics had positive

effect on external corporate (social) reputation. The study concluded that entities which engaged

in philanthropic activities in the COVID-19 global pandemic enhanced their corporate

reputation. The study contributed to management theory and practice through critical findings

from the dimension of a global health crisis.

Keywords: Corporate philanthropy, Corporate Reputation, Global pandemic, public and

Private

organizations, Nigeria.




ICFBA201116 - Pandemic-Proof Globalisation: A Response to a Global Economy in

Recession

Chinwe Regina Okoyeuzu1 and Angela Ifeanyi Ujunwa2 1, 2Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria

Emails: [email protected]; [email protected].

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the restriction of movement of people, shutdown of

international borders, and created enormous shocks to supply, demand and slowdown in

merchandise trade across all sectors of the economy and regions of the world. The episode has

also disrupted globalization but promoted protectionism. Abandoning globalization may be

costly and fatal because no country is self-sufficient. This study, therefore, looked at redesigning

a globalization agenda that is not susceptible to the spread of epidemics. Given the reality or

lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, we adopted a model that designed a globalization

strategy that is not vulnerable to the unpredictable nature of epidemic outbreak and promotes

inclusiveness. We first designed a global governance framework that works towards preventing

the spread of epidemics. This framework looked at urban settings preparedness to epidemic

outbreak. The governance framework used addressed some of the disruptive characteristics of

urbanization to globalization during any pandemic outbreak such as the density of people (in

public transport, housing, and work environment), ventilation systems, and rapid influx of people

from rural areas, water supply, sanitation facilities, and encroachment into natural habitats. The

efforts in addressing the urban characteristics such as sanitation, water supply and density of

people will reduce the spread of these diseases which is still ongoing in our present world. We

advocate for a global solidarity of massive investment in virtual economic activities, redesign

urban settlement to reduce spread, responsible global ecologically public policies and more

inclusive policies that promotes access to education, healthcare, resources and vital information

for people in poor countries and rural areas.




ICFBA201119 - Repositioning Technology Education in Nigeria through Entrepreneurial

Skill Acquisition (A Study of Selected Tertiary Institutions in South-East Nigeria)

Obialor, Donatus Chukwuemeka

Department of Business Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Uyo,

Uyo Nigeria. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Technology education in Nigeria through entrepreneurial skill acquisition seeks to enhance

entrepreneurial education and prepare young people to deal with the changing world and to

empower them to cope with the different aspects of globalization. Technology education through

entrepreneurial skill acquisition has the mandate to equip the youth with functional knowledge

and skill to build up their character, attitude and vision. The study was conducted to examine

how technology education can be enhanced through entrepreneurial skill acquisition in tertiary

institutions in South-East, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design and the

convenience sampling method. The study employed the descriptive statistics of mean and

standard deviation; spearman co-relational study and simple linear regression analysis to

establish the extent of relationships between variables. Results reveals that there is positive

relationship between technology education and entrepreneurial skill acquisition and hence,

recommend that technology education curriculum should be designed to be 70% manual practice

and 30% theory and should be taught by competent-skilled teachers and instructors.

Keywords: Technology Education, Entrepreneurial, Skill Acquisition, Functional Knowledge,

Tertiary Institution.




ICFBA201120- Developing Entrepreneurial Behaviour: The Individual and Its

Environment

Obialor, Donatus Chukwuemeka

Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration,

University of Uyo, Uyo Nigeria. [email protected]

Abstract

Individuals embarking on an entrepreneurial journey for the first time are faced with lack

awareness of the ripple effects that policies, norms, markets and numerous other factors can have

on their intended actions. The study was conducted to examine the relationship between

entrepreneurial behaviour development of an intending entrepreneur and her environment. The

study adopted the survey research design. A sample size of 174 was determined from a

population of 310 using Taro Yamame formula. The descriptive statistics of mean, standard

deviation and correlation analysis were adopted at 95% confidence level. The study concludes

that a significant relationship exist between entrepreneurial behaviour development of an

intending entrepreneur and her environment The study recommend that social networks that

helps in shaping entrepreneurial behaviour should be provided in order to equip the individuals

with the relevant knowledge, skill and attitude required to be entrepreneurial.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Behaviour, Intending Entrepreneur, Environment. Individual,

Role-set.




ICFBA201124 - Enhancing Long-term Customer Value in a Recessed Economy through

Sustainability Marketing Strategies

Dr. Ewuzie, C. O.1 and Dr. Ifediora, C. U.2 1,2Department of Marketing, University of Nigeria, Enugu campus

Email: [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

Sustainability marketing strategies have become indispensable for 21st century companies as

customers and other stakeholders show concern about economic, social and environmental

sustainability. The main objective of this research paper was to ascertain how manufacturing

companies in Nigeria embed sustainability marketing strategies in their operations to enhance

long-term customer value in this present economic recession. The specific objectives were to: (i)

ascertain whether the manufacturing companies integrate sustainability marketing in their

operations (ii) ascertain the sustainability strategies adopted and their reasons for the adoption;

(iii) ascertain how the strategies enhance sustainability marketing mix-customer solution,

customer cost, convenience and communication. The study adopted the multiple-case study

research design and a qualitative research method. The population of the study was 2194

manufacturing companies registered with Manufacturers Association of Nigeria. Three

companies were purposively selected: Nigerian Breweries Plc, Dangote Cement Plc and Innoson

Vehicle Manufacturing. Primary data were collected from the staff of the three companies using

semi-structured telephone interview. The qualitative data collected were analysed using thematic

analysis. Results obtained showed that the three companies have well integrated sustainability in

their core businesses and sustainability has become their critical success factor. The study

further found that key factors in their long-term sustainability strategies were sustainable

innovation, sustainable creativity, sustainable collaboration and sustainable communication, and

these have helped them enhance customer solution, customer cost savings, convenience and

communication. The study concludes that the three companies use sustainability marketing

strategies to enhance long term customer value in Nigeria, and therefore recommends their

adoption by other companies.

Keywords: Sustainability, sustainability marketing, sustainability marketing strategy,

sustainability marketing mix, customer value.




ICFBA201126 - Influence of E-Learning Policy Pedagogy on Student-Centred

Collaborative Learning and Development in Higher Institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria

Dr. Arukwe Maureen Chiegeonu1 and Dr. Kelvin-Iloafu Lovlyn Ekeowa2

1, 2Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus,


Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

E-learning is seen as supporting and enhancing the traditional teaching methods as well as

creating learning opportunities for students on and off the campus. Student-centred learning

(SCL) offers an umbrella term to describe efforts for students to become actively engaged in their

learning and for teachers to design and facilitate the learning process. The aim of this work is to

determine the influence of E-learning policy pedagogy on student-centered collaborative learning

and development among higher institution students. Specifically, the study aimed to achieve the

following objectives: to determine the effect of E-learning on students’ achievement; the extent

of the relationship between learner-centered pedagogy and students’ performance; the extent to

which students-centered collaborative learning affect development. Sample size of 246 was

realized using Topmans formula at 5% level of tolerance and 95% level of confidence from

infinite population. Instruments used for data collection were questionnaire. The total numbers of

246 copies of the questionnaire were distributed while 230 copies were returned. Descriptive

research design was adopted for the study. Three hypotheses were tested; one and three were

tested using linear regression while two was tested using Pearson product moment correlation

coefficient statistics. The findings indicated that E-learning had a significant positive effect on

students’ achievement; there is a positive relationship between learner-centered pedagogy and

students’ performance; Student-centered collaborative learning had a significant positive effect

on development. The study concluded that full utilization of educational system of teaching and

learning and the use of modern information communication technologies (ICT) needs the

involvement of teachers, students and other educational staff. The study recommends that for e-

learning to be effective, appropriate measure should be given to maintenances, provision of

stable internet provider to support easy and fast learning and teaching; basic knowledge on how

to operate computer and computer related tools should be given to both the students and staff of

the institutions; Electricity is one of the driven force and backbone of computer and computer

tools, so government should finance and connect the institutions to a stable electric grid.

Keywords: Collaborative learning, Development, E-learning, Pedagogy, Students-centered.




ICFBA201129 - Women in Accounting Profession and their Place in a Developing

Economy: Problems and Prospects

Dr. Ezuwore-Obodoekwe Charity N.1, Dr. Okeke-Muogbo Gloria N.2 and Dr. Oparah

Promise Chika3 1Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State

2Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State. 3Department of Marking, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State.

Abstract

This study examined women in accounting profession and their place in a developing economy:

problems and prospects with particular references to Enugu metropolis. The study specifically

examined; The effect of women in accounting profession on the development of Enugu state.

The effect of personality traits on women in accounting profession in Enugu metropolis. Data

for the study was sourced from two main sources which include Primary and Secondary sources

of data Collection. Primary data: questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect

information from the respondents. Secondary data: journals, and other relevant materials relating

to the area of my investigation were reviewed. The research instrument used in this study

includes oral interview and questionnaire. Simple tables and Graphs were used in treatment of

data. At the end of the study the researcher found out that women in accounting profession has

significant effect on the development of Enugu state. It was also observed that personality traits

have significant effect on women in accounting profession in Enugu metropolis. Based on the

findings, the study recommends among others that there is need for Government and NGOs to

promulgate laws that will reduce personality traits of women in Nigeria.

Keywords: Women Accountants, Personality Traits, Accounts




ICFBA201131 - New Product Marketing Challenges: Entrepreneurial Perspective and

Empirical Evidence from the Retail Outlets in Enugu Metropolis

Dr. Ude Anthony Obiora1, Dr. Ndu Vitalis Chinedu2 and Ude Love Ogochukwu3 1,2 Department of Management, University of Nigeria 3 Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria


Abstract

The study examined the challenges of new product marketing from an entrepreneurial

perspective and empirical evidence from the retail outlets in Enugu metropolis. Commercialized

innovation which is the new normal in entrepreneurship and small business management in

turbulent times are confronted with contending issues that are adversely affecting the progress

and prosperity of new products in a competitive and challenging business environment. The

study adopted the descriptive survey design method using randomly sampled data of 254 retail

outlets in Enugu metropolis. The study concludes that attitude towards new products is a major

challenge that could derail the value of entrepreneurship and small business management in a

turbulent time. Findings from the research uncovered that attitude significantly to a large extent

contributes to the poor performance of new product introduction and acceptance in Enugu

metropolis. The study recommends the engagement of core professionals with emotional

management expertise and experience to drive new products towards success and progress as we

look forward to adopting entrepreneurship as a sustainable source of economic recovery in post

Covid-19 economic recovery plan in Nigeria.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Attitude, New Product, Marketing Challenges.




ICFBA201140 - Public Relations and Small Business Management: a Study of Government

Relations in Some Selected Markets in Kano State

Yakubu Mahmoud Musa1 and Dr. Uduji Joseph I.2 1Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State

[email protected] 2 Department of Marketing


[email protected]

Abstract

Despite their enormous contributions to the government’s effort of job creation, revenue

generation, poverty reduction and wealth creation, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

continue to face more challenges in Kano State-a famous center of commerce and most populous

state in Nigeria. The construction of ‘Yan-Tebura Mall in famous Kwari textile market and the

recent demolition of temporary tents at Sabon-gari market, few weeks after resumption from

COVID-19 lockdown, were believed to have jeopardized thousands of small businesses in the

state. This study sought to examine the SMEs unions’ use of public relations in their dealing with

government by addressing some basic questions: What media relations strategies do SMEs

unions use to enhance cordial relationship with government?; What communication strategies do

SMEs unions use in lobbying to get favourable policies?; What crisis communications strategies

do SMEs unions use to influence negative government decisions? The study used Corporate

Communication Theory as theoretical framework. Mixed research method was adopted where 5-

scale Likert questionnaires were used to collect data from 200 members of SMEs unions in the

four markets (KantinKwari, Wambai, BakinAsibiti, and Sabon Gari markets) purposively

selected whereas a focus group discussion was conducted with three top executive

representatives of the SMEs unions from each of the four markets. Analysis shows that: the

unions do not strategically use any media relations strategy to improve relations with the state

government; that they informally use leaders and businessmen to lobby government; and that

they reactively use mass media, face-to-face contacts and the internet as crisis communication

strategies. Based on these findings, it is recommended that: the public relations activities of the

small business unions should establish relations with pro-government media stations; they should

complement their lobbying with the expertise of professional lobbyists; and that they should

proactive and, with the professional help of PR consultants, develop a workable crisis

communication plan

Keywords: Public Relations; Government Relations; Media Relations; Lobbying; Crisis

Communications




ICFBA201143 - Entrepreneurship Skills as a Panacea for the Growth of Small and

Medium Scale Enterprises in Enugu State

Emezue Leonard Nnabugwu1, Okobo Marian Mukosolu2 and Chikwendu Nneka Francisca3

1, 2, 3Centre of Entrepreneurship and Development Research

University of Nigeria Enugu Campus

Abstract

The study focuses on Entrepreneurship Skills as a panacea for the growth of small and medium

scale enterprises in Enugu State. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of technical

skills on growth of small and medium scale enterprises, to ascertain the nature of the relationship

between human resources management skills and growth of small and medium scale enterprises,

to determine the effect of creativity skills on growth small and medium scale enterprise. The

population of the study was unknown, so the study adopted convenience sampling method, at

which the sample for the study mounted to 88. Instrument used for data collection was primarily

questionnaire and interview. Out of 88 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 80

copies were returned while 8 were not returned. The survey research design was adopted for the

study. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and

simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicate that technical skills had significant

effect on growth of small and medium scale enterprises (r = 0.801; F= 33. 4263; t =14.7825; p <

0.05). There was positive relationship between human resources management skills and growth

of small and medium scale enterprises (r =0 .824; p<0.05). Creativity skills has a significant on

small and medium scale enterprises (r = 0.770; F= 19.4986; t = 12.082; p < 0.05). The study

concluded that entrepreneurship skills are the blood life for small and medium scale in the

Nation. The study recommended that all small and medium scale enterprises should embrace

creativity and innovation that will place them among the leaders in the market.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Skills: Small and Medium Scale Enterprises: Technical Skills and

Creativity Skills




ICFBA201149 - Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Manufacturing Company: A Focus

on the Effect of Business Environment

Dr. Nicholas I. Achilike1, Ven. Bethel Oganezi2 and Dr. Linus Adama3 1,2,3Department of Business Administration, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike

Ikwo, Ebonyi State.

Abstract

The environment in which the business organization operates is a complex, multi-focus dynamic

and has far reaching effect on such organization. The environment tends, shape the outlook and

goal of the organization by placing constraints on them. Organizational survival and success

depend on the appropriate adoption of a good strategy on the complex changing environment that

will enable the organization to have competitive edge that will sustain her in the complex

environment. Therefore, the study aims to determine the effect of business environment on

ensuring sustainable competitive advantage in Nigerian breweries plc 9th Mile Enugu. Survey

research approach was adopted, and information was generated from primary sources. 200

employees of Nigerian breweries from supervisory level up were selected randomly for the study

and the descriptive method of data analysis was used. Findings revealed that organizational

involvement in corporate social responsibility is a veritable tool to sustain and improve the

competitive advantage of the organization and as a result has a significant positive impact on its

performance because of the cordial relationship between the company and the host community.

The study reveals that organizational involvement in corporate social responsibility is a good

strategy to sustainable competitive advantage; the organization also should equally apply

knowledge management in his business operation and should adopt the use of modern

technology as strategies in strengthening business which will ultimately guarantee competitive

advantage. Again, sustainability of competitive advantage is dependent on the business capacity

to produce goods and services that will meet and surpass the expectations of customers.

Keywords: Business Environment, Competitive advantage and Nigerian Breweries Plc.




ICFBA201153 - The Effects of Gender on Perceptions of Human Resources Productivity

among Health Professionals: Evidence from Public Hospitals in South-East Nigeria

Dr. Ghasi Nwanneka Chidimma1 and Ogbuabor Daniel Chukwuemeka2 1Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration,

University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu,

Enugu State, Nigeria. 2Department of Health Administration and Management,

Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu

Campus, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Despite evidence that gender diversity affects organisational effectiveness, research on the

effects of gender on perceptions of human resources productivity in Nigerian public hospitals is

scarce. This paper investigated the effect of gender on perceptions of human resources

productivity among health professionals in academic hospitals in South-east Nigeria. The study

was conducted in two teaching hospitals in Enugu State, South-east Nigeria using the cross-

sectional research design. Randomly sampled 360 health professionals (doctors = 105, nurses =

200 and allied health professionals, AHPs = 55) completed a survey covering organizational

justice, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, counterproductive work behaviour and task

performance. Univariate and bivariate statistics and multivariable linear regression were used to

analyze the effect of gender on human resources productivity. Statistical significance was set at

alpha 0.05 level. The bivariate analysis revealed that women have significantly lower mean

perception of organisational justice and its dimensions, job satisfaction and counterproductive

work behaviour than men. In contrast, women have higher organisational commitment than men.

There was no significant mean difference in task performance between men and women. The

regression indicates that gender predicted distributive justice (β = -0.34, ρ = 0.000), procedural

justice (β = -0.37, ρ = 0.000), interactional justice (β = -0.38, ρ = 0.000), organisational justice (β

= -0.25, ρ = 0.002), job satisfaction (β = -0.62, ρ = 0.000), organisational commitment (β = 0.44,

ρ = 0.000), and counterproductive work behaviour (β = -0.34, ρ = 0.000). Task performance was

not influenced by gender (β = -0.05, ρ = 0.574). Gender is inversely related to organisational

justice, job satisfaction and counterproductive work behaviour, but positively related to

organisational commitment. Women perform task comparable to men but had lower perception

of organisational justice and job satisfaction, higher organisational commitment, and lower

counterproductive work behaviour than men. There is need for policy makers and health care

system managers to embrace workforce diversity, more women inclusion in health workforce

and employee centered human resources practice to improve the perception of organizational

justice, job satisfaction of female health professionals and productivity.

Keywords: Gender, Organisational Justice; Job Satisfaction; Organisational Commitment;

Counterproductive Work Behaviour; Task Performance




ICFBA201163 - Corporate Social Responsibility and Organisational Performance:

Evidence from Nigeria Breweries Enugu State Nigeria

Dr. Agu OkoroAgu1and Dr. Anichebe Nnaemeka Augustine2 1, 2Department of Business Management, College of Management Sciences,

Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Abstract

The study sought to determine the effect of philanthropic disposition on organizational

performance, ascertain the extent to which ethical practice affects organizational performance,

and determine the nature of the relationship between environmental friendliness and

organizational performance. The study had a population size of 1204 which consist of

employees of the organisation, out of which a sample size of 300 was realised using Taro

Yamane’s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. The instrument used for

data collection was primarily questionnaire. Out of 300 copies of the questionnaire that were

distributed, 264 copies were returned while 36 were not returned. The descriptive survey

research design was adopted for the study. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product

moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings

indicated that Philanthropic disposition positively affected organizational performance. Ethical

practice significantly and positively affected organizational performance. There was a positive

relationship between environmental friendliness and organizational performance. The study

concluded that corporate social responsibility is a strategy that creates good image and improves

operational performance of Nigeria breweries. The study recommended that Nigeria Brewery

should continuously embark on activities that will promote environmental friendliness and at the

time same maintain product quality that will stand the test of time

.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Performance; Nigeria Brewery PLC and Nigeria




ICFBA201170 - The Legal Status and Regulatory Challenges of Cryptocurrencies in

Nigeria

Dr. Festus Okechukwu Ukwueze

Department of Commercial and Corporate Law,

Faculty of Law, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus.


Abstract

Cryptocurrencies have become widespread across the globe, yet their legal status in various

countries has remained ambiguous. Classified variously as currencies, securities, properties,

assets, commodities, tokens, etc., they are generally not regarded as money. The growing

popularity, characteristics, and potentialities of cryptocurrencies have prompted many countries

to grapple with their regulation. This paper seeks to interrogate the legal status as well as the

legality of the use of cryptocurrencies in Nigeria and identify the challenges of regulating virtual

currencies bearing in mind its volatility and diverse uses. The study adopts the doctrinal

(theoretical) legal research methodology using the descriptive, analytical, and comparative

approaches. It follows a structured review and analysis of relevant extant legislation on

currencies and securities in the country to ascertain whether they cover cryptocurrencies. It then

compares the current position of the law on the subject in Nigeria with those of selected

jurisdictions in the European Union, North and South America, Asia, and Africa. The paper

concludes that the regulation of virtual currencies has become imperative and proposes a model

of regulation for the country which draws from the standards of other countries.

Keywords: Cryptocurrencies, Virtual currencies, Digital currencies FinTech, Blockchain,

Regulation




ICFBA201178 - Customer Retention Strategies and Growth of Hospitality Industry in

South East, Nigeria

Dr. Ann Ogbo1 and Asemota Godswill2 1Department of Management,

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State

[email protected] 2Department of Business Administration and Management,

Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Ebonyi State

[email protected]

Abstract

Customer retention strategies are used to attract customers and also help to ensure customer

maintain loyal patronage, thus, leading to growth of the organisations. It is against this

background, this study investigated the relationship between customer retention strategies and

hotel growth in South East, Nigeria. In this study, customer retention strategies as the predictor

variable was operationalized using pricing, and service quality, while hotel growth was

operationalized using branch network and market share. Data adopted for this study was

generated from 74 successfully retrieved copies of the questionnaire from a population of 80

purposively selected management staff of 10 randomly selected hotels South East, Nigeria.The

cross-sectional survey design was used in the study. The alternate hypotheses which are, there is

significant relationship between pricing and branch network, there is significant relationship

between service quality and market share were tested using the Spearman’s rank order

correlation coefficient at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that there was

significant relationship among the tested hypotheses. The study revealed that there was

significant relationship between pricing and the branch network (rho = 0.581; P = 0.000); there

was significant relationship between service quality and market share (rho = 0.707; P = 0.000).

The study concluded that the adoption of customer retention strategies such as pricing, and

service quality, are imperative for the growth of hotels. In filling the gap by taking evidence on

the relationship between customer retention strategise and growth in the hospitality industry in

southeast Nigeria, which has experienced slow growth. It was recommended that hotel

management should adopt pricing policies which are considerate, and which take cognizance of

the competition and expectations of the industry, that service standards and formats should be

emphasized through regulations that streamline workers’ behaviour and actions within the hotels.




ICFBA201181 - Effective Public Sector Accounting as a Panacea to Finance Related

Corruption in Nigeria.

Nnamani Chidiebere1, Eke Celestine Chinwe2, Ugwoke Obioma Vivian3, Dr. Ugwoke

Robinson4 and Ozondu Mary Eberechukwu5 1, 2,3,4,5Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration


Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];

[email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

This paper focused on the effect of Effective Public Sector Accounting in curbing financial

corruption in the Public Sector in Nigeria. Evidence abound of increasing and monumental fraud

in the Public Sector including those affecting anti-corruption agencies like the EFCC and other

commissions – NDDC, Pension Commission etc., all mind bugling embezzlement sleaze.

Literature reviewed links public sector miss-appropriation, embezzlement, bribery, over-

invoicing, circumvention of due process in procurement and contracting to the high level of

unemployment, poverty and under-development in the country. Effective Public Sector

Accounting connotes effective, efficient and transparent recording, analysis, communication and

interpretation of financial information that result from ethical, transparent and accountable

transactions that involve receipts, disbursement and safe keep of public funds. Despite the

existence of elaborate accounting standard as are contained in the International Public Sector

Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and other relevant laws and financial regulations, the above lofty

obligations of public sector accounting in Nigeria are hardly achieved. The paper used qualitative

research method focused on extensive desk research to analyse the link between effective book-

keeping and accounts in the public sector in Nigeria and financial malfeasance. It found out that

hardly can financial corruption in the public sector be perpetrated without the collaboration,

negligence, ignorance or outright failure of the accounting system (chart of accounts, proper and

accurate recording, preparation of summary documents, timely renditions of reports etc.). It

therefore, recommended inter-alia that; the existing (IPSAS) should be strictly followed in public

sector accounting in Nigeria. Ethical standards, transparency and accountability should be

emphasized in financial management in the public sector. Anti-graft agencies should be

strengthened and empowered to bite and not only bark. Appropriate and commensurate

punishment should be given to offenders.

Keywords: Public Sector Accounting, Corruption, International Public Sector Accounting

Standards, Ethics, Fraud, Transparency, Accountability




ICFBA201182 - Succession Planning and Financial Performance: A Resource-Based View

Analysis

Ohakim Emmanuel Chibueze1, Dr. Agbaeze Emmanuel Kalu2,

Alaefule Fidelis Odinakachukwu3, Iwobi Uche MaryRose4, Ugwuja Gertrude Chinelo5,

Chukwuma Isaac Onyeyirichukwu6 1,2,3,4,5,6Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration,


Corresponding authors’ email: [email protected]

Abstract

Succession planning connotes the empowerment of employees with valuable, rare, inimitable,

and non-substitutable capabilities that ensure the sustainability and optimisation of organisational

performance. This study expands relevant knowledge on the empirical relationship between

succession planning and financial performance, creating a niche within the context of the

resource-based view theory. This study is qualitative and explores the resource-based view

perspective in understanding the relationship between succession planning and financial

performance. This study, via the reviewed empirical literature, observed a strong positive

relationship between succession planning and financial performance of organisations. The study

concludes by postulating, that the ultimate goals of every organisation are growth, relevance, and

sustainability; succession planning is indispensable to the achievement of these goals as it

influences critical performance factors that facilitate the positive continuity and achievement of

these goals, hence, succession planning is inevitable for any organisation that is interested in a

viable posterity, especially with regards to its financial performance.




ICFBA201183 - Humane Entrepreneurship & the Nigerian Youth in the Post-COVID-19

Era

Dr. Madichie O. Nnamdi1 and Dr. Nnonyelu Au Nkemdili2 1,2Unizik Business School

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to reflect upon the challenges of Youth un(employment) in Africa

with a specific focus on Nigeria and an uncelebrated sector – hairdressing. The conceptual study

focuses on an important theme, “Mitigating economic hardship via apprenticeship and family-

owned businesses.” This is an important topic to explore as apprenticeship schemes, especially in

Eastern Nigeria, have become arguably fragmented and pigeon-holed to spare parts and artisanal

activities for which the Igbos have become renowned. This siloed view needs to be

mainstreamed to capture other areas that the youth can engage with, and benefit from, given the

appropriate skill sets and spaces to enact and develop their passion. Hairdressing and especially

barbershops, is thus proposed as one such avenue for research interrogation. Indeed, hairdressing

goes beyond just grabbing clippers and razors as there are other key elements such as hygiene as

well as health and safety considerations. Besides, COVID-19 has brought out legal requirements

for social distancing, which can be a challenge for such a high-contact services as the

barbershop. In terms of methodology, this study assumes a conceptual and qualitative nature,

drawing upon recent webinars organised by the International Council of Small Business (ICSB)

on the subject of “Humane Entrepreneurship,” organised in the pandemic era. There are the 4Es

(Enablement, Equity, Empathy and Empowerment) upon which the discourse is couched. This

study dwells, in particular on the “Enablement” and “Empowerment” of the Youth in Nigeria

and further afield. It is anticipated that the remaining 2Es (Equity and Empathy) would follow on

the back of these.

Keywords: Barbershops and Hairdressing; COVID-19 and Employment; Enablement and

Empowerment; Humane Entrepreneurship; Nigerian Youth




ICFBA201185 - Investigating the Nexus between Digital Finance, Financial Inclusion and

Economic Growth: Evidence from Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

Region

Charles O. Manasseh1, Ifeoma C. Nwakoby2, Kenechukwu K. Ede3, Jonathan E.

Ogbuabor4, Felicia C. Abada5, Felix C. Alio6 and Obiamaka P. Egbo7

1,2,6,7 Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus

Email: [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected]; [email protected]

3,4 Department of Economics, University of Nigeria Nsukka


5Social Science Units, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria Nsukka


Abstract

This study focused on investigating the nexus between digital finance, financial inclusion and economic

growth in selected COMESA member states. Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (PARDL) was

adopted for the estimation using annual time series data source from 20 selected countries for the period

1997-2018. Economic growth is measured with real gross domestic product (RGDP), while digital

finance is proxied with automated teller machine (ATM) per 1,000 adults, point of sale (POS), mobile

banking (MB), mobile purchase (MP) and mobile money (MM). Financial inclusion is measures with

number of deposit accounts with commercial banks per 1,000 adults (NDA), financial literacy (FIL),

number of registered mobile money accounts per 1,000 adults (NRMA), number of active mobile money

agent outlets (NAMO) and debit card ownership (DCO). We control for the influence of financial system

development and macroeconomic environment by introducing financial deepening (FD) and

macroeconomic volatility (MEV). Financial deepening (FD) is measured by the ratio of money supply

(M2/GDP), while macroeconomic volatility (MEV) is measured with the standard deviation of the GDP

of sampled COMESA member states. Evidence from the Panel ARDL estimated results show a positive

and highly significant long run relationship between digital finance, financial inclusion and economic

growth. These results also supported the evidence from the Pedroni and Kao Cointegration tests, as well

as Wald test which revealed that the series are strong cointegrated. Results from the robustness check

equally show that digital finance, financial inclusion is strong determinants of economic growth of the

sampled countries. In addition, we also observed the error correction term (ECT) to be negative and

significant, suggesting that the measures of digital finance and financial inclusion granger cause economic

growth in the long run. From the empirical evidence, the authorities of COMESA member states should

initiate policies that will promote digital finance and ensure that financial inclusiveness is encouraged.

Keyword: Digital Finance, Financial Inclusion, Panel ARDL, Economic Growth




ICFBA201186 - Integrated Sustainability Reporting and the Moderating Effect of

Corporate Governance Characteristics

Dr. Nnam Imaobong J.1, Dr. Ugwuja Chioma P.2 and Dr. Anisiuba Chika3 1,2,3Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration


Abstract

There is a colossal consciousness now about sustainability, the impact of human activities on our

planet earth, and the implication of unsustainable behaviour. There are also pressures from

stakeholders for more than just historical financial performance. However, even with the

popularity of sustainability reporting, there is still a lack of standardization of the practice. The

sustainability reporting must reside within the management control system in other to enhance

the quality, usability and comparability of sustainability information. Using the sustainability

accounting standard board (SASB) framework which operationalizes the process of sustainability

reporting as a benchmark, the study compares the sustainability reporting process of Nigerian

companies and analyzes board characteristics which may moderate on SASB compliance. The

researchers used a sample of 114 companies quoted on the Nigerian stock exchange, and the data

from 2018 annual report of these companies. The association of categorical variables were tested

using logistic regression while student’s t test was used to compare means of a continuous

variable. The study documents that only 17% of companies studied comply with SASB

framework. Board duality, informed board, board size and gender diversity were significantly

associated with SASB compliancy, while ownership structure, auditor type and board

independence were not significantly associated with SASB compliancy. This study contributes to

the literature on the governance characteristics which may affect the SASB compliancy in

Nigeria which is the largest economy in Africa.

Keywords: SASB, sustainability reporting, Legitimacy theory, Agency theory, Board

Characteristics, Logistic Regression.




ICFBA201187 - Cultural Diversity and Sustainability of Performance of Selected Deposit

Money Banks in Enugu State, Nigeria

Olayeni Akintunde Olumayowa,1 Abua Benedict Okpuku2 and Onuegbulem Ngozi Ihuoma3 1,2, 3Department of Management, University of Nigeria. Enugu campus

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

This study examined the impact of cultural diversity on performance of commercial banks in

Enugu state, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: ascertain the effect of age disparity on

employee effectiveness in commercial banks in Enugu state, Nigeria, determine the effect of

religious diversities on organizational efficiency in commercial banks in Enugu state. This study

adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 977 of the 5 selected in

commercial banks in Enugu state, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was adopted to select the

appropriate number of firms from each stratum. The sample size of 284 was obtained from the

application of Cochran’s formula for finite population while Bowley’s proportional allocation

statistical technique was adopted to determine the allocation of questionnaire to each

organization. Data were collected from primary source through the administration of copies of

questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in line with Five-Point Likert Scale. Face and

content validity were determined by five experts, three from the Department of Management,

University of Nigeria. Enugu Campus and two from the selected banks: First banks Nigeria Plc

and United bank for Africa Plc, Enugu. A test-retest method was used to determine the reliability

of questionnaire using Cronbach Alpha method. The result gave a reliability coefficient of 0.92.

The two hypotheses were formulated and tested with one sample t-test at 0.05 level of

significance. Age disparity had a significant positive effect on religious diversities on

organizational efficiency in selected commercial banks in Enugu state, Nigeria (t = 1.256;

P<0.05). Religious diversities had positive and significant effect on organizational productivity

in selected commercial banks in Enugu state, Nigeria (t = 0.850; P < 0.05).

Keywords: Culture, Cultural Diversity, Workforce, Performance.




ICFBA201188 - Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty: A Review of Literature

Joachin Uchechukwu Okolo and Dr Uduji I. Joseph 1Department of Marketing,

Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu,

Enugu State, Nigeria,

Email: [email protected] 2 Department of Marketing,

Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus,

Enugu, Nigeria,


Abstract

Services become more efficient when employees learn about what customers expect and how

best to meet the customer’s needs. For long-time profitability, salesmen attempts not only to

offer excellent products but also to retain loyal customers. The strong rivalry characterizing

today’s business environment has resulted to the building of stronger firm-customer

relationships. However, there have been good discussions in literature concerning how modern-

day marketing should be defined. The discussions have led to the conclusion that there is a need

for a new paradigm in marketing, one that centres on enabling and maintaining long term

relationship with customers rather than the mere application of marketing mix to satisfy a

customer. In this concern, there is unquestionably mounting interest in the topic of relationship

marketing. Therefore, this study reviews comprehensively relevant literatures on the relationship

between relationship marketing and customer loyalty. The study found that a number of scholars

studied relationship marketing and customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty; most of them were

carried out in other countries. There is still scarcity of studies exploring these relationships and

particularly the direct relationship between relationship marketing constructs and customer

loyalty. On theory, Morgan and Hunt (1994) identified commitment and trust as playing

mediating role in relationship marketing although other contextual factors exist that influence the

success or failure of relationship marketing therefore opening a gap in theory that needs to be

filled.

Keywords: Relationship Marketing, Customer Loyalty, Literature




ICFBA201189 - Financial Deepening, Innovation as Engine of Economic Development in a

Digitized World

Dr. Obiekwe Chinelo Jenevive1 and Dr. Agu Nkechi Christiana2 1Department of Banking and Finance,

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State,

Email: [email protected] 2 Accounts Department,

Federal Court of Appeal, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria,


Abstract

This study examined financial deepening and financial innovation as engine of economic

development in Nigeria for the period 2005 to 2018. Broad money supply-to-GDP ratio, credit to

the private sector-to-GDP ratio and Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) reach per 100,000

adults were adopted as proxies for financial deepening and innovation while human development

index was adopted as proxy for economic development. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple

regression technique was employed as analytical technique. Findings revealed that broad money

supply-to-GDP ratio had negative and weak significant effect on economic development (p <

0.10 but p > 0.01). On the other hand, the study showed that ATMs reach per 100,000 adults had

positive and significant effect on economic development of Nigeria (p < 0.01). The study further

showed that credit to the private sector-GDP ratio had positive and insignificant effect on

economic development of Nigeria. The study recommended, amongst others, that share of broad

money supply to the GDP should be reduced so as to reduce inflationary pressures and increase

economic development in Nigeria.

Keywords: Financial deepening, financial innovation, economic development, human

development index




ICFBA201190 - Effect of Talent Management on Career Development among Employees of

Manufacturing Firms in Enugu State

Onu Abara1, Okolo Marvis Ndu2, and Siaisia Timipa Siloko3

1, 3 Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe 2 Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Social Sciences, Delta State University,

Abraka,


Abstract

Companies in this dispensation of harsh economy, recession and competition search for the best

talent and as such enhance career development of employee in order to operate successfully as

market leaders. This study investigates the effect of talent management on career development of

employees of manufacturing firms in Enugu State. A cross-sectional survey was adopted in this

study owing that variables were not within the control of the researcher. A population of 748

employees from 6 manufacturing firms that have existed over a decade was covered. Sample size

of 254 was used following systematic random sampling technique. 254 questionnaires were

personally administered to the respondents. However, only 247 copies representing 97% were

retrieved. The spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to analyse the stated null

hypothesis with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. From the

analysis, the result revealed that talent attraction and talent retention relate significantly with

career development. The study concludes that a conferred concentration on how talent are

attracted and retained has an influence on career development. The study recommends that

management of manufacturing firms should adopt training, motivation, acquiring of skills,

quality of work-life as techniques and methods to certify that right talent which reflects the belief

of that company are selected, and as such, will boost the employees’ willingness to build their

career with the organization and advance.

Keywords: Talent Attraction, Talent Retention, Employees, Training, Career Development.




ICFBA201191 - Job Crafting, a Brain Drain Antidote in Public Universities in South-East

Nigeria

Arachie Augustine Ebuka1, Dr. Agaeze Emmanuel Kalu2 and Monyei Francis3 1,2,3Department of Management,



Abstract

Universities in southeast Nigeria suffer from brain drain as many young and aspiring lecturers

leave the system for greener pastures which makes for increased turnover rate in the system and

its concomitant costs. Therefore, it is this issue that necessitated this study to look at Job Crafting

(JC) and the role it could play in reducing brain drain in the universities in southeast Nigeria as

the main objective while it had four specific objectives. The work looked at what could trigger

the attitude of crafting jobs in the form of its motivation. Also, how JC could help in reducing

mobility was also looked at as well as how academics could craft their jobs in line with its

various dimensions. This work is a purely qualitative study as evidence from other similar

studies were looked at, and following the findings of other studies and through personal

observations, the study concluded that JC could be a veritable tool to make academics embedded

to their jobs if only its importance is given a policy backing and made vivid to the lecturers.

Sequel to this, the study recommended among other things that lecturers need to undertake

various forms of crafting activities as it is within their powers as enshrined in their job

characteristics, this will make them have more fulfilling work experience.

Keywords: Job Crafting, Brain Drain, Public Universities and Southeast




ICFBA201192 - Survival Strategies of Small-Scale Business Enterprise in a Depressed

Economy: A Case Study of Some Selected Small-Scale Industries in Enugu Nigeria.

Adaora Uzochukwu1, Kennedy Uzochukwu2, Dr. Emmanuel Agbaeze3 1,3 Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

2 Department of Management, Murdoch University, Dubai


Abstract

Small scale businesses in Nigeria today face a litany of problems occasioned by the global

economic recession. In Nigeria, such situation has been compounded by worsening economic

conditions like galloping inflation, erratic Naira value and high exchange rate and turbulent

political climate with its attendant instability of policies. Most of these industries are making

frantic efforts to survive but the extent of success will depend on the efficiency of the strategies

adopted. Thus, the purpose of the study is to examine the Nigeria situation using small scale

business organizations (bakery, soap and furniture making) in Enugu, Enugu state, as case

studies. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving selected small-scale

industries namely bakery, furniture and soap making industries in Enugu urban, Enugu State. A

total of 170 business units registered with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry were

purposively selected which were made up of 60 bakery industries, 60 furniture industries and 50

soap making industries. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information

from owners of the small-scale industries. The results showed that there was lack of managerial

experience among the entrepreneurs. The most pressing problems were insufficient capital,

scarce and high cost of materials, turnover problem and poor management. The coping strategies

engaged by the owners included borrowing money from friends and relatives, government and

trade associates. A few did not see borrowing from banks, partnership with other industrialists

and selling on credit as means of improving their business. Majority of the owners made use of

local raw materials, cutting down on production volume and retrenchment of some of workers as

means to reduce cost of production. There was serious lack of managerial experience among the

owner managers which contributed to poor management. Insufficient capital was the most

pressing problem, partly because of no sales. To put the industrialists in competitive advantage

so as to ensure sustainability in operation and long-term survival of their businesses, government

should encourage local sourcing of raw materials as a survival strategy in a depressed economy.

Seminars should be organized by the state government for them on how to manage and equally

insure their businesses with the insurance companies. They should also be advised to engage in

trade associations and cooperatives. Government should give enough support through their

agencies.




ICFBA201193 - Exploring Effect of Electronic Media on Health Behaviour in Covid-19

Pandemic Era

Chukwu Amaechi M1 and Dr. Abugu O. James2, 1,2Department of Marketing,


University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu.


Abstract

The role of the media in our attitude to life as it relates to informing, educating, persuading and

entertaining is yet to be disputed. The media disseminate information on economic, social and

health wellbeing of individuals and the nation. It is mostly through the media (Electronic and

Print) that detailed information on how to manage certain emerging issues, like how to improve

health behaviour in COVID-19 pandemic era was brought to the fore. Yet, there is sparse of

literature to authentic the claim. Establishing the efficacy of the significant and positive effect of

the electronic media on health behaviour attracted this study. This study explores the effect of

Electronic Media on health behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature search

covering electronic media activities targeted at enhancing health behaviour was used in this

study. Based on the extant literature, it was established that health related Electronic Media

information on the prevention and control of diseases like COVID-19 has significant and

positive effect on human health behaviour. It was concluded that electronic media activities on

health matters as the prevention and control measures of COVID-19 pandemic greatly enhance

human health behaviour. The researchers recommended that a mix or specific electronic media

platform(s) based on demographic or certain peculiarities be made widely available and

affordable. Also, that media etiquette especially the language of communication through

electronic media platform(s) needed to be conventional in order to mitigate lack of or mis-

understanding.

Keywords: Electronic Media, Information, Effect, Preventive, Control Measure, Health

Behaviour, COVID-19 pandemic




,

ICFBA201194 - Examining Financial Innovation Impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Ifeoma C. Nwakoby1, Charles O. Manasseh2, Kenechukwu K. Ede3, Felicia C. Abada4 and

Felix C. Alio6 1, 2, 6Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus

3Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 4 Social Science Units, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria Nsukka


Abstract

The study examined the impact of financial innovation on economic growth in Nigeria. Time

series annual data which cover the period 2012 – 2019 were used, and an OLS estimation

technique was employed for the analysis. From the OLS estimated results, financial innovation

significantly impacted on economic growth, and these results are consistent with the outcome of

the robustness check when RGDP (dependent variable) was replaced with GDPpc, GDPgrt and

CAB. However, the residual cointegration test revealed the existence of long-run relationship

among the variables, while the granger causality estimation indicated a unidirectional causality

running from financial innovation to economic growth. Furthermore, the existing long-run

relationship in the model and that of the robustness check was corrected at 11%, 5.2%, 23.9%

and 35.2% speed of adjustment in the short-run. The coefficient of determination (R2) shows that

the deviation in the dependent variable is explained by the linear model. Given the outcome of

the findings, we therefore infer that financial innovation significantly impacted on economic

growth in Nigeria, which implies that financial innovation is a key determinant of economic

growth in Nigeria, ceteris paribus. Hence, the apex bank (i.e. CBN) should initiate sound

policies that encourage financial literacy by educating people on the relevance of financial

innovation, and emphasize the need to embrace the habits of e-finance by using automated teller

machine (ATM), point of sale (POS), internet banking (INB), mobile purchase (MP), mobile

money (MM) and mobile banking (MB).

Keywords: Financial Innovation, Economic Growth, Nigeria




ICFBA201195 - Recent Developments in Environmental and Social Accounting Research in

Nigeria: A Call for Paradigm Shift in Approaches and Practices

Dr. Onyeanu Edith Ogoegbunam1 and Tijjani Ahmed Ajai2 1,2Department of Accountancy



Enugu, Nigeria

Abstract

This paper examines trends in the studies conducted within Environmental and Social

Accounting in the last 10 years with the specific reference to Nigerian scholars and Nigeria

context. Systematic review and meta-analysis were the two research designs. Previous journal

articles and Google Trends were the two sources of data. Analysis revealed that scholars in

Nigeria exclusively studied issues within environmental accounting at the expense of social

accounting. The scholars also succeeded in employing same theories and methods. Analysis also

established that the research methods adopted by the scholars were not sufficient for the proper

investigation of the issues in environmental and social accounting research. For the practices, it

emerged that companies, agencies and ministries studied by the scholars invested in ESA and

disclosed the expenditure. Considering the established facts, scholars and businesses need to shift

from the current methodological, theoretical approaches and practices because of the

contextualization need. Businesses need to shift from the current thinking about ESA practices.

Social accounting needs to be prioritised in addition to environmental accounting researches and

practices across the industries. By appropriating Google Trends data along with article

publications, the current study has provided innovative approach of understanding research

trends within environmental and social accounting from developing country’s perspective.

Keywords: Accounting, Environmental and Social Accounting, Theories, Methods, Nigeria




ICFBA201197 - Organisational Intervention: The Quest in Turbulent Times

*1Monyei Ezieshi Francis, 2Dr. Agbaeze Kalu Emmanuel, 3Nwoke Ngozi Suzan, 4Agaba

Sheneni Friday, 5Okolo Ndu Marvis, 6Afunwa Adachukwu Promise, and 7Chukwu Nnanna

Clinton 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Dept. of Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

5 Dept. of Accounting and Finance, Delta State University, Abraka 7 Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja

*Correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

Organisations barely operate in a stable environment; as it is characterized by an array of

turbulence, novelty and volatility. To be able to respond appropriately to these uncertainties,

requires top-notch dynamism and flexibility in a bid to remain viable. Thereby adopting certain

measures/strategies that enables the implementation of organisational intervention. Building

from the theoretical underpinnings of the Person-Environment Fit Theory, the study investigates

the contemporary exegeses of the quest for organisational intervention in turbulent times with

regards to the COVID-19; while highlighting its building blocks, triggers, classifications and

adaptability. Adopting a grounded theory and ethnographic research designs, findings revealed

that there is an exponential rise in the quest for organisational intervention as a result of the

COVID-19 pandemic. It thus concludes that a change in the modus operandi is pivotal for

viability in turbulent times; while recommending/proffering that business executives must ensure

that a match or fit between firm activities and intervention strategies to be adopted exist before

its implementation as it leads to resource optimization.

Keywords: Change, COVID-19, Environment, Intervention, and Strategy.




ICFBA201198 - Does Social Capital Improve the Role of Financial Behaviour on Financial

Inclusion in Suburban Business Clusters?

Chike Paschal Onodugo1, Ifeoma Joanes Onodugo2 and Dr. Anastasia Ifechukwudebelu

Ogbo

1,2,3 Department of Management,

University of Nigeria,

Enugu Campus, Enugu State.

Emails; [email protected]; [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to empirically study the moderating influence of collective action,

bonding, trust, and bridging on effect of financial behaviour on financial inclusion for sub-urban

business clusters. Data were obtained from a sample of 311 owner-managers of small and

medium scale businesses in sub-urban clusters in the South-Eastern region of Nigeria.

Hierarchical moderated regression analysis was used to study the effect of financial behaviour on

financial inclusion. The empirical results show a positive main effect between financial

behaviour and financial inclusion. Results also show a statistically significant positive

moderation effect for all the moderators. Difficulty in obtaining sub-urban data on the state of

financial inclusion in order to qualify the findings. For policy implications, social virtues such as

bridging and collective action are more veritable tools for financial inclusion than the personal

virtues of trust and bonding. This study is original. The value lies in exploring the relationship

between financial behaviour and financial inclusion in sub-urban SMEs of an emerging

economy.

Keywords: Financial Behaviour, Financial Inclusion, Nigeria, Sub-urban SMEs.




ICFBA201199 - Effect of Data mining on Fraud Detection and Control in Microfinance

Banks in Nigeria

Odoh Longinus Chukwudi1 and Dr. Ofoegbu Grace Nnereugwu2 1Department of Accountancy




2Department of Accountancy




Abstract

The rapid information and communication technology innovation have improved the workings of

the banking industry and also exposed it to intensive real time collection of quantum datasets.

Exploring the advanced big data analytic tools like Data Mining (DM) techniques is paramount

in revealing valuable information from the overwhelming volume of data for early fraud

detection and control. The focus of this study was to examine the effect of data mining on fraud

detection and control in Nigerian microfinance banks. The objectives were to investigate the

effect of data classification and data clustering on fraud detection and control. The survey design

was employed by the researcher. The population of the study consists of 60 top management

staff of the banks made up of corporate managers, Accountants and internal auditors of

microfinance banks in Enugu state South-East Nigerian. The sampling was done using the

purposive sampling technique. Descriptive analysis and chi square analysis was adopted to

examine the effect of data mining on fraud detection and control. The study found out that data

mining techniques have a significant positive relationship with fraud detection and control in

microfinance banks. The researcher therefore recommends among other that microfinance banks

should adopt the data mining techniques in fraud detection and control considering their

overwhelming transaction dataset. The study concluded that the adoption of data mining

techniques in fraud detection and control is paramount as it will further strengthen the internal

control measures of microfinance banks in Nigeria.




ICFBA201200 - Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Ajuh, Ali Iteh1 and Onyeanu Edith Ph.D2

Department of Accountancy,


University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria,


Abstract

Although Nigeria has not been alone in experiencing escalating government indebtedness but in

comparison with other Sub-Sahara Africa, Nigerian debt to GDP have been on the high side. An

escalating debt profile may present serious obstacle to a nation's path to economic growth and

development. The cost of servicing the debt may expand beyond the capacity of the economy to

cope thereby impacting negatively on the country’s ability to achieve the desired fiscal and

monetary policy objectives. It is therefore against the foregoing that the paper investigates the

impact of external debt stock on economic growth in Nigeria 1986-2018. Data for this study was

sourced from secondary sources for the period spanning 1986-2018. The period 1986 was

predicated on the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programme in Nigeria in 1986.

We tested our variables for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test.

Based on the outcome, we employed the vector autoregressive (VAR) estimation technique in

analysing our model. We also subjected our data set to descriptive statistics and analysis. The

empirical results reveal that both external debt stock and external debt service exert a negative

and significant impact on economic growth. These outcomes entail that when external debt stock

changed by one-unit, economic growth declined by 0.495 unit. On the other hand, when external

debt services changed by one-unit, economic growth declined by 0.017 unit. We conclude that

external debt stock has been an impediment to economic growth in Nigeria over the period under

study. We therefore recommend that Nigerian policy makers should ensure that external debt

stock remains at a manageable level and avoid excessive debt accumulation.

Keywords: External Debt Stock, Economic Growth, Vector autoregressive (VAR)




ICFBA201201 – Apprenticeship system and the Performance of Family-Owned Businesses

in Anambra State, South-East, Nigeria

Chriscato Ikechukwu Ameke1, Anthony Obiora Ude2 and Ignatius Chukwuemeka

Ekenechukwu3

1 UNN Business School, University of Nigeria

2,3 Department of Management, University of Nigeria

Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The study investigated the Apprenticeship system and the Performance of Family-Owned

Businesses in Anambra State, South-East, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey

design method and the sample size of the study was determined using Freud and William's

formula of which 233 respondents were selected from a population of 4541 Family-Owned

Businesses. Data were collected through copies of structured questionnaire on a 5-point Likert

Scale format while analyses were presented in tables and percentages. The hypothesis was tested

using simple linear regression statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences

(SPSS, version 20). The finding revealed that there was a significant positive relationship

between Residency Knowledge Transfer Apprenticeship and economic prosperity (r = 0.674; p <

0.05) of the Family-Owned Businesses. The study recommends a sustained and improved

approach on the Residency Knowledge Transfer Apprenticeship programme because of its

positive transformation on the beneficiaries and the overall economic prosperity that it offers to

our business environment. It is also a continuous avenue for the mitigation of economic hardship

for numerous families.

Keywords: Residency Knowledge Transfer Apprenticeship, Economic Prosperity, Family-

Owned Businesses, Economic Hardship.




ICFBA201203 – Proliferation of Home-Based Enterprises Amid Economic Recession the

Challenge for Planners

1Nkeiru Hope Ezeadichie and 2Gladys Ogochukwu Chukwurah (Ph.D)

1,2Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Studies


Email: [email protected] and [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Home-based enterprises (HBEs); the combination of productive and reproductive activities at home; have

become a growing phenomenon from the economic recession of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP)

period of the 1980s in global South cities. SAP era entailed formal-employee downsizing thereby

boosting the informal economy particularly HBEs. From the 1980s, HBEs became the coping strategy for

none/less educated urbanites with minimal residential-building impacts. However, subsequent economic

recessions compelled educated urbanites to resort to HBEs as succour; posing challenges to urban

planners. The study examines the type of association between the educational level of HBE owners and

motives for HBEs while objectives are to i) identify motives for HBEs, ii) determine the educational level

of HBE owners and iii) ascertain the association between the educational level of HBE owners and

motives for this. Core Area Layout, Asaba, Delta State was the case study, data collection was by

questionnaire administration while analysis was by descriptive statistics. The findings of the study reveal;

i) motives for HBEs as 50% primary income-source, 9.4% employment source and 40.6% supplementary

income-source, ii) educational level of HBE owners are: 8% no formal education, 4% started primary, 8%

completed primary, 31% started secondary, 33% completed secondary and 16% had tertiary

education, iii) significant association was found between the educational level of HBE owners and motive

for HBEs. Maximization of HBE potentials for curbing unemployment due to economic recession and

collaboration rather than confrontation by planners in addressing the negative impacts are recommended.

Key words: Proliferation, Home-Based Enterprises, Economic Recession, Urban Planning, Education




ICFBA201205 - Entrepreneurial Marketing and Social Value Creation by Small and

Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria

Dr. Amadi Lawrence1 and IheChimaJames2 1,2Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Studies,

Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Nigeria.

Emails: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

This paper examined the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing and social value

creation by small and medium enterprises in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study adopted a

correlational survey research design. The population of the study comprised 5,000 small and

medium enterprise operators registered with SMEs department of Rivers State Ministry of

Commerce and Industry. From the study population, a sample size of 357 was determined using

Krejice and Morgan sample size determination table. Based on the sample size, 357 copies of

questionnaire were sent to the SME operators. Out of this number, only 347 copies were returned

and used for the analysis. Consequently, data were collected from 347 owners of SMEs in Rivers

State with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed through a

combination of descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Precisely, the formulated hypotheses

were tested using Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The SPSS version 22.0 was

used to aid the correlation analysis. The findings generally showed that all the dimensions of

entrepreneurial marketing adopted in this study had significant relationship with the measures of

social value creation. Specifically, it was revealed that opportunity focus has a significant

relationship with social inclusion. The study also found a significant relationship between

opportunity focus and social well-being in the State. A significant relationship was reported

between innovativeness and social inclusion. The study equally found a significant relationship

between innovativeness and social well-being in the State. A significant relationship was found

between value creation and social inclusion. The study also reported a significant relationship

between value creation and social well-being in the State. Based on the findings, it was

concluded that entrepreneurial marketing significantly enhances social value creation by SMEs

in Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion, it was recommended that SMEs in Nigeria

especially those in Rivers State should adopt the practice of entrepreneurial marketing as this

would enhance social value creation in the state and the country at large.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial marketing, opportunity focus, innovativeness, value creation,

social value creation, social inclusion and social well-being.




ICFBA201206 - Materials management practices and Financial Performance of

Manufacturing Firms in Rivers State, Nigeria

1Okereke Lawrence Okoronkwo, 2Dr. Ben Etim Udoh &3Kolawole Olasoji Abraham 1,2,3Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration,

University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.

ABSTRACT

The paper examined the association between Materials management practices and financial

performance of Manufacturing Firms in Rivers State, Nigeria in a Cross-sectional survey

research design. A sample of 73 respondents were drawn from a population of 90 managers of

18 selected manufacturing firms in Rivers State using Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table for sample

size determination. The researchers collected data with a five-point Likert Scale structured

questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated via face validity and content validity while

Cronbach alpha value of 0.917 was obtained upon the test for reliability. With the aid of

statistical package for social sciences, version 20.0 the data collected was analyzed using mean

and standard deviations as descriptive statistical tool and Pearson Product Moment Coefficient

of Correlation as inferential statistical tool to test the stated hypotheses. The result of the

findings revealed that Materials management practices had a significant relationship with

Financial Performance. Based on empirical findings, the paper then concluded that Materials

management practices positively related with financial performance of Manufacturing Firms in

Rivers State, Nigeria. The paper there after recommends that management of Manufacturing

Firms in Rivers State should frequently upgrade and implement appropriate Materials

management practices in order to improve their Financial Performances.

Keywords: Materials management practices, financial performance, profitability, liquidity, and

solvency.




ICFBA201207 - Exploration of Adaptive Strategies for Sustainability of Small and Medium

Scale Enterprises in the face of Global Economic Downturn

Anisiuba, C. A. (Ph.D)1;Nnam, I. J. (Ph.D)2 and Ozioko, C.3 1,2,3Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration,


Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

This study explores the adaptive strategies that can be implemented by small and medium scale

enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria to overcome the effect of global economic downturn occasioned

by unprecedented circumstances of COVID-19. The adaptive strategies were viewed from two

dimensions – accounting and finance. Survey approach was adopted. 82 questionnaires that

contained 20 questions were distributed to the managers of small and medium Scale enterprises.

Data were analysed using multiple linear regression. The result reveals that finance and

accounting-based strategies has a significant positive influence on sustainability of SMEs in the

face of global economic downturn. This implies that adaptive strategies were of paramount

importance for SMEs sustainability under global economic crisis. We recommend that SMEs

should utilize both finance and accounting dimensional strategies so as to thrive amidst

economic recession.

Keywords: Adaptive Strategies, Sustainability, SMEs, Global Economic Downturn




ICFBA201208 - Conflict Management and Courtesy Behaviour of Oil and Gas Companies

in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

1Dr. Obiora-Okafo Chinedu Afamefuna, 2Okereke Lawrence Okoronkwo, 3Tojue

Obianuju Grace &4Onyemachi Chidinma Adanso 1,2,3,4Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria

Enugu Campus.

Abstract

In a cross-sectional survey design, this paper examined the relationship between Conflict

Management (accommodation, collaboration) and Courtesy Behaviour of Oil and Gas

Companies in Port Harcourt. From the Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table, a sample of 133

respondents was drawn from the accessible population of 200 managers of the four major Oil

and Gas companies in Port Harcourt. Descriptive statistics were produced, and spearman rank

correlation was run using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 to examine

if relationships existed between the study variables. The results revealed that there is significant

and positive relationship between conflict management styles and courtesy behaviour of

employees in Oil and Gas companies in Port Harcourt. The paper concludes that Management of

Oil and Gas companies may sustain their competitive position and survive longer by maintaining

harmonious business environment once conflict is effectively and efficiently managed as it leads

to increased organisational citizenship behaviour. The evidence highlighted the powerful

influence of collaborative management style in predicting courtesy behaviours of staff of Oil and

Gas companies in Port Harcourt. Therefore, the paper recommends that appropriate conflict

management style should be encouraged among the Oil and Gas workers in Port Harcourt

especially collaborative management style which shows the highest degree of influence in

predicting courtesy behaviours. There is no best approach to conflict management and courtesy

behaviour as the approach is contingent on the nature of the problem and other antecedent

factors.

Keywords: Conflict Management, Accommodation, Collaboration and Courtesy Behaviour.




ICFBA201211 - Crypto-Currency and the Nigerian Economy: Problems and Prospects

Chibueze E. Onyeke1, Ngozi N. Ugwu2and Lovlyn E. Kelvin-Iloafu3 1Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus.

Email: [email protected] 2Department of Accountancy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus.

Email: [email protected] 3Department of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus.


Abstract

Crypto-currency is a peer-to-peer electronic currency whose prove of ownership is dependent on

digital signatures and characterized by public history of all transactions to prevent double

spending. Many countries around the world are already taking advantage of the benefits

presented by this digital finance such as low transactions cost, high speed and efficiency in

payments especially in international transactions for individuals and corporate bodies. However,

despite numerous promises offered by this innovation, there are risks inherent in them which

include but not limited to money laundry, terrorists financing, and tax evasion. Grounded theory

research design was adopted to achieve the objectives of this study. The main argument

advanced in this paper is for the federal government of Nigeria (FGN) and its monetary authority

to change its perception of crypto-currency as only investment assets and not as a currency that

facilitate payments or transfer of funds which is vulnerable to criminal activities.

Keywords: Crypto-Currency, Nigerian Economy, Problems and Prospects




ICFBA201212 - Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic and Entrepreneurial Marketing Response

Strategies for Recovery and Survival

Joseph Sunday Etuk

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management

Faculty of Management Sciences

University of Port Harcourt

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the domestic, regional and international

tourism industry with colossal losses in revenue in all the tourism value chains. One of the

hardest hit is the hospitality sector. Decline in leisure culture, ban on individual and corporate

travel occasioned by the lockdown have manifested in near-zero occupancy rate, decline in

patronage, loss of revenue and facility shut-down in the hospitality sector. However, with the

gradual easing of the lockdown in the domestic travel sector, the hospitality market is expected

to regain its footing in the latter part of this year and next year. This paper proposes

entrepreneurial marketing response strategies for recovery and survival of the hospitality sector

in a turbulent economy. The paper adopts the chaos theory and dynamic capability framework

and argues that since COVID-19 is a metaphor for business threats and turbulence with serious

negative effects as expressed by business pause and low patronage, entrepreneurial marketing

which is more preferable in times of uncertainties can help the sector mitigate the effect of the

pandemic and survive by regaining customers’ trust and confidence through standard

safety/hygiene measures. The paper suggests technology–based innovation/creativity,

exploration of new market opportunities, on-line presence, value creation through added

packages, customer intensity through CRM, improvement in customer service delivery in

unconventional manners. The paper concludes that the ‘new normal’ created by the COVID-19,

though not desirable, is however, a test for hospitality managers to rethink new ways of doing

business as their survival depends on their response strategies.

Keywords: COVID-19 effects, Entrepreneurial marketing response strategies,

recovery/survival, hospitality sector




ICFBA201213 - Menopausal Symptoms and Leadership Style of Women Entrepreneurs in

Supermarket Business

Nome Ujebe, Ph.D1, Agha Nancy C, Ph.D2 and Ezezue B.O, Ph.D3 1,2,3Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between menopausal symptoms and leadership style of

women in supermarket business. It is widely held view that menopause has negative impact on

perception of women’s work competence. The work is anchored on Social Cognitive theory of

Bussey and Bandara (1999). A cross-sectional study was carried out among 310 menopausal

women aged between 45 and 60 years, using adapted menopause specific Quality of Life

(MENQOL) questionnaire. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the

strength and direction of the relationship, using IBM SPSS statistics software version 20. Results

indicate that physical symptoms of menopause negatively ( -.341 ) correlates with Social Skills

of leadership while psychological and physical symptoms significantly and positively (.600 and

.996) relate with their task skills, respectively which explains why such women attract

derogatory comments such as ‘iron lady’, among public members. Management is advised to

review existing policies on health and wellbeing initiatives to reflect the care of women at the

stage of menopause, and to create open, inclusive and supportive culture in this direction.

Keywords: Menopausal Symptoms, Leadership style, Women Entrepreneurs




ICFBA201215 - Cybersecurity and Economic Development in Nigeria

Aziagba Shekinah Oluchukwu

Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Administration,

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.


Abstract

Businesses and consumers in Sub-Saharan Africa are facing increasing cyber-threats. The

increase in cyber-attacks carried out by malicious cybercriminals taking advantage of a

borderless playing field has posed as an obstacle to society’s continued path to development.

Specific key cyber-threats worldwide include cybercrime, cyber-terrorism, cyber conflict, cyber

espionage, child online abuse and exploitation among others. These cyber-attacks can be

attributed to vulnerable systems and lax cybersecurity practices threatening lives, crippling

businesses and having in itself the capacity to scare off foreign direct investment. The paper

seeks to determine the implications of cybercrime on business operations and investment in

Nigeria. The study relied on secondary sources of data and analyzed the data using content

analysis. The study identified poor security system as one of the major leading factors associated

with cybercrimes. The high cost associated with maintaining a strong security system has kept

many organizations operating below the security poverty line from adequately protecting

themselves against losses. The paper therefore recommends among others the fortification of

national infrastructure against cyber-attacks by the government. The strengthening of

cybersecurity measures will help prevent cyber-threats from undermining the stability of

information societies thereby enabling digital technologies to become a source of development

instead of a source of risk.

Keywords: Cybersecurity, security threats, cybercrime, economic development, Nigeria.




ICFBA201217 - Empirical Analysis of the Casual Relationship between Creative

Accounting and the Quality of Annual Financial Statements of Banks in Nigeria

Ugwoke, Obioma Vivian1; Onyeanu, Edith Ogoegbunam2 and Ugwoke, Robinson Onuora3 1,2,3 Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration


Emails: [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

This paper examined the casual relationship between Creative Accounting and Annual Financial

Statement (AFS) of Money Deposit Banks (MDB) in Nigeria. This was necessitated by the

growing concern over the quality of AFS of MDB by various stakeholders. Literature received

point to the disappointing quality of AFS of MDB to investors, (current and potential), auditors,

regulators, banking public et cetera. There exist arguments as to whether creative accounting

practices contribute significantly to the poor quality of AFS of MDB in Nigeria. The paper

adopted ex-post facto research design, pooled a sample of seven (7) MDBs from a population of

24 available in Nigeria. These MDBs are: First Bank Plc; UBA Plc; Zenith Bank Plc; Access

Bank Plc; Fidelity Bank Plc; Guarantee Trust Bank Plc; and Ecobank Plc. Secondary data were

collected about the independent variables (Creative Accounting indices) and dependent variables

(AFS Quality indices) from CBN, NSE and NBS Annual Publications for the years 2007 to

2019. These data were analyzed using linear regression model. Findings show that a significant

and negative causal relationship exist between Creative Accounting and Quality of AFS of

MDBs in Nigeria. Specifically, Robust Doubtful Debt provision enhances the quality of AFS of

MDBs; Investible Cash is negatively affected by the volume of Loan Losses; Over valuation of

noncurrent assets negatively affects the Quality of AFS of MDBs; Interbank unprofessional

transactions negatively affect the Quality of AFS of MDBs in Nigeria. It was concluded that

negative Creative Accounting Practices erode the quality of AFS of MDBs in Nigeria. It is thus

recommended that negative creative accounting practices should be regulated and deemphasized

in MDBs in Nigeria. Again, defaulters should be commensurately held accountable since poor

AFS quality negatively affects users of the attendant information content as current and potential

investors, customers, tax collectors and the economy in general.

Keywords: Creative Accounting; Money Deposit Banks; Annual Financial Statements;

Regulation; Bad Debt Provisions; Depreciation; Audit; Investors.




ICFBA201219 - Enriching Corporate Governance Culture in Nigerian Companies through

Qualitative Audit Committees

Robinson Onuora Ugwoke1, Obioma V. Ugwoke2, Edith O. Onyeanu3, Ozor Chidi D4and

Chidi Nnamani5. 1,2,3,4,5 Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration


Abstract

The spate of corporate failures in recent times calls for serious examination of their causes and

possible solution. Audit committees are statutorily compulsory component of the management of

corporate organizations in Nigeria (CAMA 1990) and constitute a credible component of

corporate governance element in Nigeria. Despite the existence of audit committees, corporate

failures are still rampant. It becomes necessary to ask: how significant is the quality of audit

committees to corporate performance of quoted companies in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. This

paper therefore evaluates the effect of audit committee quality on corporate performance. It

focuses on Non-Financial companies quoted in the Exchange between 2006 and 2010. It

regresses the average perceived quality of the audit committees against critical financial ratios of

these companies over the years covered. A sample size of 287 was selected using the Taro

Yameni formula and the Microsoft Special Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical

analysis was adopted to perform the regression analysis. It was discovered that the quality of

audit committee impacts on the performance of companies through a positive impact on

corporate governance of such companies. However, for majority of the companies (more than 80

percent), their audit committees are weakly constituted with majority of the members lacking the

necessary qualities of integrity, dedication, a thorough understanding of the business of the

company among others. These qualities according to Shamsudden (2003) are the bedrock of

audit committee quality.

Keywords: Audit Committee, Corporate Governance, Control, Corporate Performance




ICFBA201220 - The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Growth of Faith-Based

Organisations in Nigeria

Uzodinma, Ifeyinwa Bernadette and Dr. Uduji, I. Joseph

Department of Marketing,



Abstract

This study investigates the effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the growth of

faith-based organizations. The descriptive survey design was adopted with a population of 548

staff and members drawn from15 Pentecostal and Orthodox churches that were purposively

selected from North-Central States of Nigeria. These States are Kwara, Kogi, Benue, Plateau,

Nasarawa, Niger and FCT. A sample size of 418 was determined. Closed-end structured

questionnaire was the instrument used to collect data from the respondents. The single

formulated hypothesis was tested using Pearson product moment correlation at 0.05 level of

significance. Result showed that corporate social responsibility (CSR) positively affects the

growth of faith-based organizations in Nigeria. The study concluded that there is a growing

concern for corporate social responsibility activities in the faith-based organizations in Nigeria.

Based on the key findings, the study recommended that there is need for governments backing of

environmental management and social services by organizations. There is need to assist religious

organizations that are socially responsible in environmental sustainability since they constitute

the key aspect of the Nigerian private sector

Keywords: CSR, Environmental Concerns, Legal Concerns, Faith-Based Organizations




ICFBA201221 – Social Moderators of Workplace Change Process and Affective

Commitment to Change of Employees in the Financial Sector

Ifeoma Joanes Onodugo1, Rev. Fr. Dr. Igwe, Anthony A.2 and Chike Pascal Onodugo3 . 1,2,3Department of Management, University of Nigeria,

Enugu Campus, Enugu State.

Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] and

[email protected]

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to empirically study the moderating influence of generation class,

family-to-work conflict, and family-to-work facilitation on effect of change on affective

commitment to change for selected financial institutions in Nigeria. Data were obtained from a

sample of 323 employees working in selected financial service firms of located in the South-

Eastern region of Nigeria. Simultaneous moderated regression analysis was used to study the

effect of change on affective commitment to change. Specifically, the study sought to unveil how

the aforementioned moderators influence the effect that planned and emergent change processes

have on employee commitment to change. The empirical results show a positive effect between

change and affective commitment to change. Results also show a higher negative moderation

effect of generation class and family-to-work conflict on the main effect of emergent change,

more than planned change, on affective commitment to change, whereas family-to-work

facilitation showed a statistically positive moderation effect. It would have been preferable if the

study was longitudinal (capturing change processes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic),

instead of a retrospective study. Firms should anticipate change, and change processes should be

participatory, where employees are involved in the change process from start to finish. This

study is original. The value lies in exploring the relationship between change and affective

commitment in the financial service sector of an emerging economy. The paper simultaneously

considers different types change and estimates their effects on affective commitment

Keywords: Planned Change, Emergent Change, Affective commitment, Nigeria, financial

service workers




ICFBA201222 –Effect of Accounting Information System on the performance of Small and

Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria

1Odoh Longinus Chukwudi, 2Ilo Sylvester Okechukwu, 3Nnamani Chidiebere and 4Dr

Nwekwo Ngozi Mabel 1,3,4Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration


2Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration


E-mails: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

The small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) of today are engulfed in the enclave of

information age where knowledge and information are the key drivers. Still, the accounting

information system remains a veritable tool for ascertaining the wellness status of any business

and a structure for assigning quantitative values to the past, present and future economic events

of business enterprise. Yet many small and medium enterprises managers care less about the

importance of the accounting information system in strategic business management which

culminated in the premature death of many SMEs in Nigeria. This research therefore was

conducted to examine the effect of the accounting information system on the performance of

SMEs operating in Enugu state, South-East Nigeria. The study specifically evaluated the effect

of the accounting information system on the quality of managerial decision making, financial

reporting and internal control system. The study was descriptive in nature and a population of 60

SMEs managers operating Enugu state was adopted. Purposive sample size technique was used

to select the entire population for the study. The Friedman Test was adopted for the analysis of

data collected. Findings indicated that the accounting information system significantly and

positively affects the quality of managerial decision making, financial reporting and internal

control system of small and medium scale enterprises operating in Enugu state, Nigeria. The

paper, therefore, concluded that that accounting information directly affects performance of

SMEs in Nigeria and recommends that managers of SMEs should maintain optimum accounting

information system structure to promote business survival.

Key words: Accounting information system, decision making, financial reporting, internal

control

system and small and medium scale enterprises.




ICFBA201223 - Entrepreneurship and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises

(SMEs) in Turbulent Times in Anambra State: The Igbo Race Perspective

Agbionu, Clementina Uchenna

Department of Business Administration, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka.


Abstract

The management of SMEs in different sectors of the Nigerian economy for increased performance

has continued to remain highly challenging especially in these turbulent times. The main purpose of

this study is to highlight the entrepreneurial exploits of Igbo people in Southeast Nigeria which they

use to cope with the changing and challenging circumstances posed by these turbulent times. The

Igbos have been celebrated as the pinnacle of African entrepreneurship who succeed under thick

and thin. The study draws on the narratives of 25 experienced entrepreneurs in the area under

investigation and the emerging data analyzed by the use of content method to identify the variables

associated their secrets of survival even under turbulent times. The study was anchored on social

exchange theory and open innovation model supported by Systems theory. Additional insight on

salient historical situational challenges like the role of restiveness and intimidation by neighbours

were unraveled through interview transcripts and validated by respondents. The findings among

other salient factors are that entrepreneurship has high positive relationship with performance

among Igbo people which assist them to survive succeed and sustain their businesses in turbulent

times. The study recommends among many others that managers of SMEs in Anambra State need to

imbibe the situational management principle and practice of Igbos for sustainability in turbulent

times. These insights inform a contribution to ethnic or indigenous entrepreneurship which has both

theoretical and policy implications.

Key words: Entrepreneurship, Performance, SMEs Igbos Turbulent Times Nigeria.




ICFBA201224 – An Assessment of Students’ Perception of Drivers of University Brand

Equity in Nigeria

Achi David Achi & Prof. Geraldine Ugwuonah

Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration


[email protected]

Abstract

Universities and higher education institutions have embraced branding recently as a sustainable

strategy to overcome competition. However, universities have unique characteristics which make

them too complex and fragmented to both understand and express as single identity organization

unlike other commercial services. This makes universities’ branding attempts not to always

result in success. Hence, Pinar, Trapp, Girard and Boyt (2014) developed a scale to measure

university brand equity using nine (9) dimensions. This study, therefore, sort to further

empirically investigate the relative importance of these brand equity dimensions/drivers in

creating a strong university brand from the perspective of Nigerian university students. The

descriptive research design was adopted for this study while the survey method was used to elicit

data from the respondents. The study adapted the scale developed by Pinar, et al and was

subjected to reliability test. This study was carried out in a comprehensive federal government

university located in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. A total of 7 faculties with

varying number of departments and levels provided 200 usable surveys. The data generated was

analyzed using the PLS Structural Equation Modelling. Empirical results from the study indicate

that some of the brand equity dimensions are more important in developing strong university

brand. Specifically, brand awareness, brand loyalty, brand reputation and quality of faculty had

significant influence in creating university brand equity. Whereas, emotional environment,

library services, student living, career development, and physical facilities had no significant

influence on university brand equity.

Keywords: Branding, Brand equity, University brand equity, Nigeria.




ICFBA201225 - A Causality Analysis between Social Contract and Tax Revenue

Chukwunwike, Onyekachi D.1 and Okoroiwu, K. Lugard2 1,2Department of Accountancy,



Abstract

The social contract is a term used in describing and emphasizing the consideration between the

ruled and their rulers, which defines the right and obligations of everyone accordingly. The idea

of the social contract is that the citizens will be ready to surrender their entitlements (which

include paying taxes) to the government just when the government guarantees them of

satisfactory protection and procurement of social amenities. Studies have shown that there exists

a significant relationship between the social contract and tax revenue. Therefore, there is a need

to ascertain if the low revenue is indeed granger caused by government non-observance to the

social contract demand. Perhaps it could be the strategic magic wand needed for improved tax

revenue. The study is a time series analysis of social contract (which was proxied by human

development index), and tax revenue of the state and federal government, covering the periods of

1999 to 2019. The Granger Causality Test was used for the analysis. The outcome provide

evidence that human development index (HDI) does not Granger cause tax revenue (TR) (p-

value = 0.1696 or 16.96% is greater than .05 or 5%) and that TR Granger cause HDI (p-value =

0.0130 or 1.3% is less than .05 or 5%). The outcome reveals that, although observance of the

social contract is important, perfect observance of social contract would not necessarily cause an

increase in tax revenue. Therefore, tax authorities should concentrate their effort on those

strategies that would guarantee an increase in revenue.

Keywords: Social contract, Government accountability, Tax revenue, Nigeria




ICFBA201227 - Effect of Cashless Banking on Economic Growth in Nigeria

Dr.Ozoji Amara Priscilia1 and Dr. Ezechukwu Beatrice O2 1Department of Accountancy,

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu.

E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Accountancy,

Federal Polytechnic, Oko


Abstract

This study empirically examined the effect of cashless banking on economic growth in Nigeria,

with a focus on the aggregate data of all the banks operating in the country as at 2012-2018, as

documented in the CBN annual report. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design, thus

secondary source of data collection was employed. Cashless banking system as the independent

variable of this study was measured with TATM, TPOS, TMPS and TIB; whereas the dependent

variable, economic growth was measured with bank’s contribution to Nigeria’s real GDP

(BGDP). Data gathered were presented in tables and analyzed using multiple regression

techniques (ordinary least squares) of model estimation with the aid of E-Views 10.0

econometric software. Results show that all the explanatory variables (TATM, TPOS, TMPS and

TIB) have positive and significant effect on BGDP in Nigeria (B1 (X1), B2 (X2), B3 (X3), B4

(X4) = 0.223749 (0.0214 ), 0.153603(0.0148), 0.212357(0.0041) and 0.119908(0.0395)

respectively).Considering the independent variables as a group, the study revealed that cashless

banking system has a significant positive effect on BGDP in Nigeria (R2= 91.4%, F- Stat.=

84.37156 and Prob(F-statistics) = 0.000000<0.05). . Though the result showed that cashless

banking in Nigeria has significantly increased Nigeria’s economic growth, the coefficient values

of the explanatory variables are quite low, showing that more growth could still be achieved with

further improvement in the practice of cashless banking in Nigeria especially now that the world

grapples with Covid-19 pandemic and its economic meltdown. Based on the findings, a

collaboration and cooperation of various stakeholders like the government, CBN and Bank’s

customers were recommended to strengthen the Nigeria’s cashless banking system for long-term

sustainability. The government should ensure the provision of uninterrupted power supply which

would aid smooth operations of digital financial activities. The CBN should intensify its

enlightenment campaign to sensitize the public on the need to use cashless banking instruments.

Bank’s customers have greater role in accepting and using the cashless banking instruments.

Keywords: Cashless banking, Cashless policy, Economic growth, COVID-19.




ICFBA201233 - Assessment of the Effect of Non-Performing Loans on the Performance of

Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria in the Wake of a Global Economic Recession

Igwemeka, E.C.1., Onuselogu, Odidi C.2., Ihegboro, Ifeoma M.3 1,2,3 Department of Banking and Finance,

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus Enugu


Abstract

This study examines the correlation that exists between non-performing loan and performance of

deposit money banks in Nigeria. The result in Vector Autoregressive Estimate(VAR) with one

period lag length revealed that one period lag of return on asset (ROA) has negative and

significant influence on current ROA; non-performing loans exerts positive and insignificant

influence on ROA; while loans and advances had negative and insignificant influence on ROA

and INTR is found to be positively and insignificantly related to ROA. These outcomes entail

that a unit change in loans and advances causes -6.31 decreases in ROA .It also shows that a unit

change in non-performing loans causes 5.76 increases in ROA and a unit change in interest leads

to about 0.45 increase in ROA. Based on the findings, we recommend that monetary authorities

should quickly put strong risk management policies in place that would reduce non-performing

loans and thereby boost deposit money banks’ performance.

Keywords: Non-performing Loans, Return on Asset, Deposit Money Banks, Vector

Autoregressive




ICFBA201236 - Expanding the Non-oil Sector Through Diversification for Sustained

Economic Growth of Nigerian Economy

Okolo, Ndu Marvis1, Emengini Steve E2, and Okwu, Ifeanyi Peter3, 1Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Social Sciences, Delta State University,

Abraka, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration,

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Accountancy, Banking & Finance, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences,

Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State. E-mail:

[email protected]

Abstract

This study examines the impact of expansion in Non - Oil sector on sustainable economic growth

of Nigeria economy. The study sourced data from the Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical

bulletin covering the periods of 2000 – 2019. An economic growth model was formulated using

the study variables and the model was estimated using vector auto-regression (VAR) techniques,

other diagnostic tests such as Roots of Characteristic Polynomial for VAR model stability,

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for time series stationarity, and granger causality tests were

conducted to ensure the reliability of the model estimates. The analysis revealed that the

estimated model is stable while the VAR and variance decomposition results shows that real

gross domestic product is strongly endogenous in the short run but weakly endogenous in the

long run. Further findings suggest that in the long run Non-oil sector is strongly endogenous to

real gross domestic product (92% contribution). The study, therefore, recommends that more

attention should be given to the agriculture, solid mineral, and services sectors as they tend to

influence economic growth in the long run.

Keywords: Non-oil revenue; Diversification; Agriculture; Agrarian society; Economic growth




ICFBA201237 - Impact of Financial Accounting and Reporting on the Profitability of

Micro and Small Enterprises: A study of South East Region of Nigeria

1Nsoke, Uche Peter and 2Dr. Ofoegbu, Grace N.

1,2Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration



Abstract

This research examined the impact of financial accounting and reporting on profitability of

Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises (MSEs). The specific objectives were to (i) determine the

effect of keeping adequate financial records on profit maximization of MSEs, and (ii) ascertain

whether proper financial report has significant relationship with profit maximization of MSEs.

The dependent variable was profit maximization of MSEs while the independent variables were

adequate financial records and proper financial reports. The variables studied were types of

financial records kept, proper financial reports as well as profit maximization. The study applied

survey design. Primary data was used and was obtained through the administration and collation

of questionnaire. The population of MSE owners is scattered all the nooks and cranny in South-

Eastern region of Nigeria hence, the exact number is unknown. A sample size of one hundred

(100) was adopted while 99 questionnaires was correctly answered and returned. Percentages,

mean and standard deviation were used to analyze all the research questions while regression

technique and Pearson moment correlation coefficient were employed to test hypothesis one and

two respectively. Findings revealed that keeping adequate financial records has positive effect on

profit maximization of MSEs; Proper financial report has significant relationship with profit

maximization of MSEs. It was recommended that government as well as its agencies such as

SMEDAN, etc should provide free steady workshops on educating and training operators of

MSEs on the importance of adopting adequate financial record keeping as well as regular

financial reports in their business operations in order to sustain profit maximization.

Keywords: Financial records, Financial reports, Profit maximization, MSEs.




ICFBA201240 - The Need for Government Intervention in Entrepreneurship Development

in Enugu State: A Case for the Coal Camp Enugu Industrial Motor Parts Business

Chikeleze Francis Okechukwu (Ph.D)1 and Etalong Thomas Alama2 1,2Department of Public Administration

Enugu State University of Science and Technology

Enugu, Nigeria.

Abstract

The paper discussed the need for government intervention in entrepreneurship development with

particular reference to the Coal Camp Enugu industrial market in Enugu State of Nigeria.

Various government regimes in Enugu state have attempted to address the issue of

entrepreneurship using different approaches. However, the striking thing is that most of these

attempts introduce new programmes that solicit the unemployed to register with such

programmes, identify business ventures that engage their interest, and then apply for government

support for one form of aid or the other. The result of that approach has not proved very

rewarding when compared with the amount of funds spent by governments on such programmes.

The concern of this paper is how the government can get higher returns on their investments in

entrepreneurship support, meaningfully empower and transform the lives of government

entrepreneurial aid beneficiaries and create economic growth and development through that

process. This view is predicted on the fact that it is easier to achieve better result with those

already engaged in entrepreneurship ventures than those being enticed by government aid to

start. The paper is an empirical study based on a survey of small business entities in the Coal

Camp Enugu industrial market and the different segments of the general public that constitute

their clientele. These clients include motor mechanics, panel beaters, other artisans and

individuals that patronize the services of these entrepreneurs that operate in the market and

number about a hundred. The instruments for data collection were questionnaire, interview and

observation of selected entrepreneurs and their clients in operation. Some of the findings reveal

that these entrepreneurs have unsuccessfully sought government financial assistance to help them

boost their productivity. Again, they need government development of infrastructural facilities

such as electricity, road networks, water supply, security, etc, to enhance their performance.

Thirdly, they need government support in promoting their services beyond their direct clientele

within Enugu to the outside world. The paper therefore recommends, among other things, that

government need to urgently divert their support and aid for entrepreneurship from those being

enticed to engage in one form of entrepreneurship or the other to those that are already doing so

much but are constrained by lack of needed government support. That government need to take

the opportunity for increased state revenue through taxes and other levies accruable from these

enterprises if they are well developed by enhancing their productivity and earnings.

Keywords: Coal Camp Enugu, Industrial market, Entrepreneurship, Economic growth and

development, Government intervention.




ICFBA201241 - The Impact of Fair Value Accounting on the Reported Profit of Deposit

Money Banks in Nigeria

1Dr. Ofoegbu, Grace N and 2Njoku, Emmanuel

1,2Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Business Administration



Abstract

This study investigated the Impact of Fair Value accounting on reported profit of selected deposit

money banks in Nigeria. The international financial reporting standards were issued to solve the

nagging problems of financial reporting, decision making and improve the quality of the

financial statements and also harmonise the varying degree of variations among financial

statements. This study tested the impact of fair value accounting on reported profit of the

selected commercial banks namely: Zenith Bank, United Bank for Africa, Diamond Bank,

Guaranty Trust Bank, Fidelity Bank, Sterling Bank, Access Bank, First Bank First City

Monument Bank and Union Bank. The study collected data from the audited financial statements

of the selected banks for the periods 2012 - 2015. The study proposed to estimate the models

numerically using secondary data. The simple regression was used with the aid of E-view

Version 6. The result of this analysis showed that since the probability value (0.0000) of the F-

statistics for the two hypotheses were less than 0.05 separately and the co-efficient estimates

showed positive integers, fair value has a significant and positive effect on reported profits of

commercial banks in Nigeria, hence the rejection of the null hypothesis and the acceptance of the

positive hypothesis that confirmed the study.

Keywords: Fair Value, Reported Profit, Loans, Investment Securities, Commercial Banks




ICFBA201242 - Fraud Schemes and Fraudulent Accountants Prosecution in a Recessed

Economy: the Nigerian Situation

1Dr.Ojiakor Ijeoma P. and 2Osagioduwa Lucky Ogbomo

1Departent of Accountancy, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus.

Email: [email protected] 2Department of Accountancy, Lighthouse Polytechnic, Evborbanosa, Edo State, Nigeria.


Abstract

This study investigated the level at which fraudulent accountants are prosecuted in the Nigerian

public sector and the extent to which fraudulent accountants are dismissed from office in a

recessed economy such as Nigeria. The study further seeks to know if the rate of prosecution of

fraudulent public servants is equivalent to the rate of fraud in the Nigerian public sector. The

study was carried out in four states picked from the South-South and South-East geopolitical

zones. Primary data were obtained via structured questionnaire. Survey design was adopted in

the research. 102 auditors and 162 accountants from the four states were sampled. Convenient

Sampling Technique (CSTQ) was embraced. Descriptive statistical techniques such as, charts

were used in analyzing the data. Cronbach Alpha Coefficient (CAC) was embraced to test for

reliability of the research instrument. The Chi-Square Technique (CSTQ) and the P.value Percent

Techniques (PVPTQ) were adopted in testing the vividly stated hypotheses. The results revealed

that accountants involved in fraud schemes are prosecuted in the Nigerian public sector. Also,

fraudulent accountants working in Nigerian public sector are dismissed from duty due to fraud.

This is the indication of the percentage p-value of 58.025. While P value of 27.120 show the rate

of fraudulent accountants working in the Nigerian public sector not dismissed from duty due to

fraud. The study recommended that accounting professional bodies and accounting standards

setting bodies nationally and globally, for instance the Institute of Chartered Accountant of

Nigeria (ICAN), ANNA, FRCN, ACCA; ACFE among others should outline active and

purposeful prosecution guidelines for fraudulent accountants nationally and internationally.

Implementation framework should also be followed diligently and strategically.

Keywords: Fraud Schemes, Fraudulent Accountants, Fraudulent Accountants Prosecution,

Nigerian Public Sector, Recessed Economy.




ICFBA201244 - The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Growth of Political

Parties in South-East, Nigeria

Flint Ikechukwu Obiekwe1 and Shed C. Moguluwa, PhD2

Department of Marketing, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus


Abstract

This study examines the roles that corporate social responsibility plays on the growth of political

parties in southeast, Nigeria. To achieve the main objective, the study utilized survey design; and

data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 384 respondents

gotten from population of 1653 who were members and officials of ten selected political parties

in Southeast Nigeria. Statistical technique software SPSS was employed to aid the data analysis.

Having analyzed the data, the study found out that corporate social responsibility activities

positively affect the growth of political parties in Nigeria. The study recommends that political

entities should voluntarily integrate both social and environmental upliftment in their political

philosophy and operations. It is also advised that Government should fix minimum expected

actions that organizations (profit and non-profit) should expend on corporate social responsibility

activities.

Keywords: CSR; Growth; Political Parties; Social Relationship




ICFBA201248 - Effects of Organizational Climate on Internal Customers’ Citizenship

Behaviour: Insights from Small Business Organization

Edwin Chukwuemeka Idoko1 and Romanus Onyeka Ugwuanyi2 1Department of Marketing

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus 2Institute of Development Studies


Abstract Organizational climate is a widely known concept in management literature. Despite the acclaimed popularity of the concept, research efforts have largely focused on large firms undermining how it applies to small organisations. Accordingly, the study seeks to deepen understanding regarding how organizational climate influence behaviour of internal customers in small organization in Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 411 senior staff in ten small-sized organisations in Enugu. Validity and reliability of measurement items were checked. Structural equation modelling technique was used for the confirmatory factor analysis including test of hypothesized paths in the research model. Findings show statistical support for employee welfare, formalization, and clarity of goals. The management and policy implications of the findings were examined.

Keywords: Organisational climate, Citizenship behaviour, Small-sized firm, Nigeria.




ICFBA201249 - Information and Communication Technology Systems Applications in

Supply Chain Management and Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Companies:

Evidence from Nigeria

Igwe, Anthony Aniagbaoso and Aninwike, Onyemaechi Cyril

Department of Management,


University of Nigeria, Enugu campus, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the effect of information and communication technology systems in quality

assurance of pharmaceutical companies. Using South East as a study area, a survey was

conducted on 648 respondents comprising management and logistics staff of the purposively

selected firms in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry across South East Nigeria. Hypothesis

was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 5% level of significance. The result

showed a significant positive relationship between ICT systems application and quality

assurance in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. The study recommended that organizations

should employ ICT compliant Supply Chain Managers who understand the importance of ICT

integration in effective supply chain collaboration and quality assurance.

Keywords: Supply Chain Management, information and communication technology systems,

Quality Assurance, Pharmaceutical Supply Chain




ICFBA201250 - Reducing Graduate Unemployment in Nigeria through Apprenticeship

and Participation in Family-Owned Businesses

Chukwu Benjamin Ibe1, Obu Herbert Anayo2 and Agbaeze Emmanuel Kalu3

1,3Dept of Management, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. 2Dept of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus.

Abstract

Graduate unemployment refers to the involuntary idleness of a graduate who is willing to work

at any agreed pay for his/her services but unable to find work. It is a worrisome problem in the

country in that many people after graduation from the university and/or polytechnic have no job.

This has a lot of consequences both for the individual and larger society and the major concern is

how to address the issue and reduce it to the barest minimum in Nigeria. One approach based on

the age-long tradition of the Igbos of the Southeast Geopolitical Zone apparently for job creation

is through apprenticeship and participation in family-owned businesses. Therefore, guided by the

Situated Learning Theory, this study investigated ways of reducing graduate unemployment

through apprenticeship and participation in family-owned businesses to the benefits of the larger

economy. The result showed that both engagements in the apprenticeship schemes and

participation in family-owned businesses have positive and significant effects on reducing

graduate unemployment in Nigeria. Among others, it was recommended that Academic planners

in our higher institutions should design the course contents to bridge the theory-practice gap in

our educational system.

Keywords: Graduate, Unemployment, Apprenticeship, Family-owned businesses, Theory-

practice gap.




ICFBA201251 - Successors Mentoring: Does it Serve as Lifejacket for Achieving Family

Business Trans-Generational Transition? Evidence from Nigeria

Olayinka A. Abiodun, (Ph.D)

Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration

University of Nigeria,


Abstract

Family business owner major concern is how to affect an orderly and affordable trans-

generational transition of the business through successor mentoring as lifejacket among others to

avoid mortality susceptibility. The study sought to explore the effect that successor mentoring

plays on the successful management transition of family-owned businesses in Nigeria. The

target population under study was therefore twenty-five thousand, two hundred and eighty-nine

(25,289) family businesses in South-West, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey design to

collect data from four hundred and ninety-six (496) respondents who were owner-manager,

successors and senior management staff of selected family firms in southwest of Nigeria. Linear

regression at 0.05 significance level was used to test the data collected through the closed ended

questionnaires. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between

successor mentoring and firm's sustainability, with an r value of correlation coefficient of 0.86

and significant level of P<0.05 @ 0.000. Based on this finding, the study concluded that there is

a positive link between successor mentoring and successful management transition of family-

owned businesses in Nigeria. The study advised that to continue the founder’s legacy

profitably and ensure an orderly and affordable trans-generational transition, effective

employees mentoring process should be implemented to ensure that the firms has the potential

successors with the right skills and attributes it requires to meet future business needs. Firms

should ensure that their succession planning must encourage employee’s productivity, creativity,

technological advancement and innovation that will help firms to gain new ideas and compete

favorably with their competitors.

Keywords: Successor Mentoring, Lifejacket, Sustainability, Trans-Generational Transition,

Family Business




ICFBA201252 - Employees Relations and its Effect on Employee Performance

Sani Abubakar1, Eru Eka John2 and George Yebimodei Esther3 1,2,3 Department of Business Administration, School of Management Studies

Federal Polytechnic,Ekowe, Bayelsa State

Emails: [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine employees’ relations and their effects on employee

performance in Aigbadion Cement Factory, Edo State. The population of the study comprised of

85 workers in the Factory. The sample of the study consisted of 45 respondents, (5 management

staff and 40 employees) which was selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data

collection instrument was a self-constructed questionnaire. The instrument was validated by

experts in management concerning employee relation and employee performance. To ensure

reliability of the study, the test re-test method was used. Frequency tables and percentages was

used to analyse the research questions, a criterion percentage of 50 was established. Findings

from the study has showed that there is a positive strong relationship that exist between

employees’ relations and employees’ performance. The study findings also revealed that poor

performance is as a result of poor working condition, lack of motivation, ineffective

communication and lack of employee participation. Based on the findings, recommendations

were made, such as promoting dialogue and communication, inspiring and rewarding employees,

career development, promote healthy work/balance and implementing fair labour practices

throughout their operations in the organisation.

Keyword: Employees Relations, Performance, Employee Performance.




ICFBA201253 - Politics of Place and Space: Travails of Micro-business Entrepreneurs at

the Kenyatta Building Materials Market in Enugu, Nigeria

Dr Victor U. Onyebueke

Department of Urban & Regional Planning



Abstract

For many small businesses, space and capital are necessary for survival. This basic logic

underlies both spontaneous aggregation and sometimes planned locations of the enterprises.

According to the 2010 National Manpower Stock and Employment Generation Survey, nearly 14

million informal sector entrepreneurs in Nigeria employ approximately between 48 and 55

million workers. Accordingly, these household/micro-enterprises and their economic activity

systems are emplaced around cities, towns and villages. The challenge for most of these small

informal businesses in Nigeria is operating in challenging fiscal and institutional administration

constraints, coupled with often oppressive planning control environments. Although the

outcomes often fluctuate between quiet resistance and outright displacements, the affected

entrepreneurs keep manoeuvring and struggling to keep their heads above water. Therefore, the

current research explores the travails of informal businesses in their effect to retain favourable

business locations and/or search for prospective ones in Nigerian cities. It attempts to deploy the

lenses of place-space theories and the case of building materials traders in the Kenyatta Market

in Enugu, Nigeria, and the findings have myriad implications for the fields of business

administration and urban planning.




ICFBA201254 - Entrepreneurship And Small Business Management in Turbulent Times

Halilu Uba, Jacob Ojonugwa and Muhammed I. Abraham

Department of Business Administration,

Kogi State University, Anyigba

[email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

The paper suggests that entrepreneurship and small business management in turbulent times have

not been factored into the various strategies and management of small businesses and SMEs. It is

the view of this paper that if these critical factors are properly addressed it would propel small

businesses and SMEs performance, hence the study. The target population of the paper constitute

four hundred and fifty (450) enterprises, representing 14% of 1700 registered business owners

and SMEs operating within Kogi environment. A sample size of 124 respondents was

determined using the Freud and Williams formula. A random sampling technique was adopted in

administering questionnaires to the respondents, and it was however administered in a way to

give each respondent equal opportunity of being selected to be part of the study. The findings

revealed that insufficient capital, multiple taxation, deficiencies in infrastructure and inadequate

fiscal incentives framework are the main challenges facing their businesses. Small businesses

and small and medium scale enterprises have the potentials for expansion and growth if well

managed.




ICFBA201256 - Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Marketing Performance in the

Hospitality Industry: Mediating role of Corporate Image

1Nwekeala, B. and 2Ugwuonah, G.

1Department of Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences,

Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

[email protected]

2Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration,

University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria.

[email protected]

Abstract

The study investigated the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and marketing

performance in the hospitality industry with corporate image as a mediator in the garden city of

Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research gathered data from a

population of 1460 owners/senior employees of hotels operating in Port Harcourt with a sample

of 314 determined using Yaro Yamani formula for simple size determination from a finite

population. A well-structured questionnaire containing 20 items, with six demographic items was

used to elicit data from the respondents. The data gathered was utilised to validate the model

developed for the study empirically through statistical tests with the help of SPSS. The

inferential statistical analysis revealed that marketing performance of the hotels studied was

driven by innovativeness and pro-activeness being the two dimensions of entrepreneurial

orientation used for the study. The mediating role of corporate image does not influence

significantly the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness and pro-

activeness) and marketing performance. The effect of two principal dimensions of

entrepreneurial orientation determining marketing performance in the hotel sector of the

hospitality industry is a novel contribution in the context of Nigeria. Entrepreneurs operating

hotels in the hospitality industry should utilise their scarce resources on developing capabilities

on innovativeness and readiness to exploit market opportunities before competitors. This will

enhance guest satisfaction which is capable of promoting brand loyalty. Efforts made in

promoting these entrepreneurial attributes will engender competitive advantage and improve the

overall marketing performance.

Keywords: Innovativeness. Pro-activeness. Corporate image. Guest satisfaction. Profitability

publisher: achibest nig ltd

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