pushed to the wall

8/6/2019 Pushed to the Wall

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Contents

1. Overview..............................................................................................................5

2. Background..........................................................................................................6

3. HRCPfact finding mission.....................................................................................7

4. Democratic governance .......................................................................................9

5. Balochconcerns..................................................................................................10

6. Enforced disappearance .....................................................................................117. Target killings.......................................................................................................18

8. Pakhtunconcerns................................................................................................20

9. Minorities.............................................................................................................22

10. Conclusions........................................................................................................23

11. Recommendations .............................................................................................24

I. List of sectariankillings.........................................................................................26

II. List of targetedkillings........................................................................................27

III. List of missing people.........................................................................................29

IV. Aghaz-e-Huqooq-e-Balochistan Package.........................................................33

Annexure


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1. Overview

alochistan, the largest federating unit of thestate,can only be likened to an active volcano that may

erupt anytime withdire consequences. Thesituation is

alarmingandworseningby theday.

It is apparent from the informationreceived bythe HRCP, from various sources, government andnon-government, political parties and individuals, thatdecision-making is firmly in the hands of the elementsthat were in command before the February 2008election. It is the military that still calls the shots. Theprovincial government is isolated and has been madedysfunctional in critical areas. An over-sized cabinet,absence of an opposition and wide-spread corruption

have all caused a political vacuum. There are deepconcerns aboutgovernance in the entirecountry but inBalochistan thecrisis is muchdeeper.

In this crisis, a section of the people ofBalochistan has been driven to the conclusion thatthey are being viewed as enemies of the state. Theyfeel abandoned by the people as well as politicalforces in the rest of the country. There is a sense ofisolation, rejectionanddejection.

Violations of human rights in Balochistan arewidespread and harrowing. Regrettably, the state hasnot addressed these complaints and the media, eitherunder pressure or on account of its own failings, hasbeen unable toprobe and report thedreadful realityonthe ground. The most hair-raising are the continuingincidents of enforced disappearances. In addition to alarge number of cases already taken up by HRCP, theCommission documented several new cases duringthis missionto Balochistan.This appears tobeonly thetip of the iceberg as a large number of families do nothave access to any forum of protest or redress.

Moreover, the Commission is bound by its method ofwork and verify each and every case brought before itin accordance with accepted international standardsof reporting.

HRCP has ample evidence to support theallegations of victims' families that the perpetrators ofenforced disappearances are intelligence agencies

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and security forces. This hasbeen conceded by seniorofficials and politicians in authority. The mission learntthat in a number of incidents even public figures inpower were unable to secure relief or assurances thatsuch incidents will stop. These public figures cited anumber of incidents of disappearances in which, onthe basis of credible evidence, they approached theintelligenceagenciesandthe security forces onlyto bemetby a bland denial.Thisamounts to rubbingsalt intothewounds of thevictims.

The existence of check-posts that causeinconvenience and humiliation was reported bypeople from all over Balochistan. Incidents werereported where the FC personnel manning thesecheckpoints insulted the people by shaving theirmoustaches, tearing the traditional Baloch shalwarand making other gestures derogatory to their cultureandbearing.

The mission also received information aboutarbitrary arrests and reports of endemic torture atunauthorised cells whose existence was confirmed bypublic figures. A history of neglect and betrayal overthe decades coupled with systematic human rightsabuses carried out with impunity has made a vastnumber of Baloch people desperate. No wonder, inthis situation a large section the Baloch youth has

been driven into repudiating their allegiance to thestate. Indeed, the voice of the youth is so strident thateven those who disagree with them do not dare

The sense of deprivation and suppression is deep rooted inBaloch nationalist identity; the establishment's failure tonegotiate and compensate further isolates a population that haslong put up with armed andaggressivetactics to curb thestrugglefortheirrights

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express their views.The refusal of the Baloch youth tofly the Pakistani flag or play the national anthem inmany areas and the insistence of the authorities to thecontrary is only aggravating the situation. When thepeople's will is being broken, their voice ruthlesslystifled and their bodies charred in torture cells; wheremothers are dying to hear any news of theirdisappeared children the state cannot expect anyother reaction but one of rebellion. In suchcircumstances the youth particularly is vulnerable tomanipulation. It is imperative for all national leaders toact with responsibility and to exercise a positiveinfluence so that facts arenotdistorted.

HRCP abhors violence both as a means andas an end, perpetrated by any party. It regrets thattarget killings have also been attributed to militants

and nationalist forces. A significant number of peoplehave fallen victims to target killings simply because oftheir belief or ethnic origin. HRCP unreservedlycondemns such abuse of right to life and expects allpolitical forces to do the same publicly. The sins of thefederal government must not be visited on unarmedandinnocent citizens.

The government's obligation to investigateand punish the culprits is manifest and any failure inthis regard fuels discontent and mistrust. In thisclimate of fear, a large number of governmentemployees, academics, skilled people and membersof intelligentsia have migrated from Balochistan toother areas. Many more are following. This hasseriously affected the quality of services available tocitizens, especially in education and health sectors. Itis also causing serious imbalances in thecommunity'ssocial structure.

An additional factor of insecurity and tensionin the province is the uninterrupted sequence ofsectarian killings for the last six years. Therepresentatives of Hazara community have claimedthat 270 of their membershavebeen killed since 2004.They have accused the security agencies of colludingwith the criminal elements. As an example, they havepresented the case of two notorious criminals whowere arrested and kept in the anti-terrorist lock-upfrom where they mysteriously fled. The governmenthad set up tribunals one in 2004 and another in 2008

to investigate two separate incidents of sectariankillings but the findings of these tribunals have notbeen madepublic so far.

The representatives of Pakhtun communitylist a long series of grievances relating to denial ofrights and discrimination in the allocation of resourcesin Balochistan. A number of people in Balochistanexpressed concern over the influx of the so-calledTaliban and other militants in Pakhtun-dominatedareas. There are serious allegations that theseelements areoperating within Pakistanandacross theborderwith impunity.

RCP has been striving for political and economicrights of the federating units of Pakistan since its

inception as the Commission believes that allfederating units must have equal rights within thefederation. The last time, in Dec 2005, when HRCPboard members had visited Quetta, veteran Balochleader Nawab Khair Bakhsh Marri was in prison. TheCommission members had gone to meet Mr Marri in jail and had raised their voice for his release. At thattime, HRCP Chairperson Asma Jahangir had warnedthegovernmentof serious consequences of its actionsto muzzle the voice of the veteran Baloch leader,Nawab Akbar Bugti. Subsequent events proved herpredictionsto be true. When Pakistangovernmenthadasked the UK government for the extradition of twoBaloch leaders, including Harbiyar Marri, theCommission pressed on the British government not toextradite these leaders as it feared that on extraditionfrom Britain these leaders might be killed. On themurder of Nawab Bugti, HRCP organised a protestrally in Lahore, which was attended in force as peoplecame out onstreets during heavy rains.

In 2003, HRCP noticed that the number of theenforced disappearances had risen; it raised its voiceon this issue. At that time, the government came upwith an excuse that these missing people were not indetention but had gone voluntarily for jihad inAfghanistan. Although Baloch nationalists claimedthousands of people were missing, the number of

2. Background

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enforced disappearances reported by HRCP did notexceed a couple of hundred. This is largely becauseHRCP follows a specific procedure as prescribed bythe United Nations to include a name in the list ofenforced disappearances. The Commission has toverifycertain particulars of themissing personsuch asthe name, address, the location and manner of theabduction, accounts of witnesses and proof ofinvolvement of agents of the state in enforceddisappearance. In January 2007, HRCP submitted averified list of incidents of enforced disappearancealong with a petition it filed in the Supreme Court, butthe Court reluctantly started hearing the case and thattoo after three months of filing the petition. Out of theHRCP list of 198 enforceddisappearances, 99 peoplehad been traced after the hearing started in theSupreme Court but 99 people were still missing by the

time Commission conducted its 2009 fact-findingmission. During July-September 2009, HRCP appliedthrice to the Supreme Court of Pakistan for theresumption of hearing of the missing persons' case,which had been discontinued after military rulerPervez Musharraf sacked independent judges inNovember 2007. The Court resumed the hearing inNovember 2009and is continuing.

HRCP also continues to submit cases ofenforced disappearances to the United Nations.Afterwards, Balochistan government announced thattheprovincialhome department has a list of more than992 missing people in the province, but a closescrutiny of the list reveals that particulars of themissing people are incomplete. In many cases,addressand parentage of themissing people have notbeengivenin the officiallist.

Itgoes without saying that the national media ignoredBalochistan issues in its coverage. Newspapers havelost their national character andhave become regionalin news coverage. The news that appears in JangQuetta does not appear in other editions of thenewspaper. There is no representation of Balochistanin the media at the national level. The incidents ofenforced disappearance, targetted killings andtorturedbodies foundon thestreetsare not reported inmainstream newspapers and electronic media. InBalochistan, the media is viewed to be biased along

Regional character of national media:

ethnic and sectarian lines. Hazara-Shia community inBalochistan also complains that media did not reportthe rampant target killings of the members of theHazaracommunity.

In this backdrop, in October 2009,HRCPconducted a week-long fact-finding mission to lookintothe Balochistansituation.

he HRCP fact-finding mission spent one week inQuetta (5-11 October 2009) and tried to meet with

as many people as it could from different schools of

thought and political and ethnic groups. At the sametime, HRCP launched a campaign in Quettademanding of the parliamentarians to help recover thedisappeared people and persuade the government tosign theUNConvention onEnforcedDisappearances.The scope of the mission was mainly focussed on twomain areas: to hold consultations on democraticdevelopments in Balochistan and to document humanrights violations in a conflict situation.

Headed by HRCP Chairperson Ms AsmaJahangir, the mission began its work by meetinghuman rights activists and journalists in Quetta onOctober 5 in which they presented their views aboutthe prevailing situation in Balochistan and outlined

3. H RC P f ac t- f i nd in gmission in October 2009

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The HRCP mission in convention with representatives of Balochipolitical parties.

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human rights issues and political developments. Theother members of the team included board membersTahira Kamal, Habib Tahir, Tahir Husain, SecretaryGeneral I. A. Rehman, Quetta chapter CoordinatorFareed Ahmed, Shamsuddin, Qamarunnisa, AhadAgha, andAdnanAdil.

On the morning of October 6, Co-chairpersonIqbal Haider also joined the mission for a visit to Kalatwhere the team members held meetings with thefamily members of the Khan of Kalat, human rightsactivists, political activists including women andfamilies of the missing persons and visitedrepresentativesof theHindu minority living in thecity.

On October 7, HRCP vice-chairperson inBalochistan Senator Surrayya Ameeruddin joined themission. The mission held meetings with the familiesof those who were missing and believed to beabducted by the security agencies and kept in illegaldetention. They gave HRCP details about thedisappeared people and the circumstances in whichthey were picked up. The mission also held meetingswith elders of the Hazara and Shia communities andrepresentatives of teachers/lecturers who have beenthemain victims of the targeted killings in Balochistan.In a meeting, trade representatives and businessmenreligious leaders and women parliamentarians briefedthe mission on the law and order situation inBalochistan in general andin Quetta inparticular.

The mission called on Baloch leaderNawabzada Talat Bugti, son of late Akbar Bugti, at his

house in Quetta and visited the provincialheadquarters of the Pakhtunkhawa Milli Awami Party(PKMAP) where leaders of the Pakhtun nationalistparty expressed their views on provincial and nationalissues.

On October 8 and 9, HRCP council membersfrom across the country also joined the mission. Theyincluded: vice-chairperson (Sindh) Ghazi Salahuddin,vice-chairperson (Punjab) Dr Mehdi Hasan, Ms UzmaNoorani, MrAbdulRehman JanSarhandi, Ms ParveenSoomro, Mr Nadeem Anthony, Mr Sher MuhammadKhan, Mr Asad Iqbal Butt, Mr Irshad Chaudhry, MrAmarnath Motumal, Ms Tahira Abdullah, Mr BadarSoomro and Mr Joseph Francis. Mr Najam U Din, MrHussain Naqi and Mr Zaman Khan from the HRCPSecretariatalso joinedthemission.

Theenlarged mission also held meetings withthe state's representatives including BalochistanGovernor Zulfiqar Magsi, Chief Minister AslamRaisani, Balochistan Assembly Speaker AslamBhootani, provincial police chief Syed Javed ShahBukhari and Director General Frontier Corps Maj-GeneralSaleemNawaz.

A separate joint consultation was organisedwith the representatives of nearly all major politicalparties in Balochistan to learn their views on thepolitical situation and democratic development in theprovince.

HRCP'smission was received a mixed response: someappreciated the Commission for raising its voice forthe rights of Balochistan, some expressed their lack oftrust in the Commission and there were others whoreposed confidence in the mission but complainedHRCPcouldnot domuch fortheBalochistan.

Some political parties welcomed HRCP in Quetta andsaid the Commission's efforts for the rights ofBalochistan were not less than those of the politicalparties in theprovince and expressed their gratitude tothe Commission for what they called its key role in thestruggle for attaining Balochistan's political rights. Infact, the large presence of the Baloch people in theHRCP meetings confirmed that the Baloch had trustandhope in theCommission.

Response to HRCP mission:

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Hearing out the political activists in Kalat


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However, a sectionof Balochnationalists viewcivil society organisations from Punjab or elsewherewith suspicion and describe them as dangerousforthecause of the Bloch people, that is, independence fromPakistan. These elements doubt everybody coming

from outside Balochistan, in particular Punjab, andconsider all people from Punjab as agents of theestablishment. During the mission's stay in Quetta,local newspapers published statements fromseparatist nationalist leaders criticising theCommission and dubbing it as agent of the Islamabadestablishment. Some nationalists invited in the HRCPmeetings openly expressed their doubtson the HRCPinten tions and rai sed the quest ion of theCommission's ability to do anything meaningful for theBalochand Balochistan.

One senior Baloch nationalist Dr JehanzebJamaldini, senior vice-president Balochistna NationalParty (Mengal group), commented: Why was theHRCPnot as active 10years ago as it is now? Why didit not spend a week inQuetta10yearsago? They saidthere is an impression that civil society organisationsof Pakistan are coming to Balochistan because nowthey have realised that the country is breaking up anda separatist movement is raging in Balochistan.Another nationalist, Abdul Wahid Baloch, (BSO),commented: Civil society need not lecture us but giveits advice to the rulers in Islamabad. It was stated thatcivil society cannot help the Baloch people becauseneither HRCP is part of the ruling establishment whocan address the Baloch deprivation nor can it joinhands with the Baloch in militancy against theestablishment.

On their part, moderate nationalists feelPakistanicivil society has left theBaloch people alone.They say the civil society needs to be vocal on theissues of Balochistan and spread the word in thestreets of Lahore and Islamabad. Despite scepticismabout HRCP, Baloch nationalists wanted theCommission to raise its voice at the national andinternational levels about human rights violations inBalochistan.

RCP believes that governance should be basedon democratic practices with the observance of

rule of law and protection of human rights. HRCPinvited the representatives of political parties fromacross the political spectrum to learn their viewsregarding democratic governance in Balochistan.

There is a brazen hold of army overBalochistan. Since nationalist political partiesboycotted elections, the army has practically takenoverpower. Complaints of human rights' violations arecommon all over the country, but in Balochistan theyare far greater in number and intensity than anywhereelse. The army officials blatantly and stereotypicallydeny the excesses committed against the citizens bysecurity agencies. Decision-making related to law andorder and major governance issues is in the hands ofthe military. A repressive security establishmentcommitting worst kind of human rights violationsagainst the people and an ineffectual governmentwitha miserable record of service delivery are two mainfactors that undermine the democratic development inthe province.

The so-called transition to democracy had notstarted in Balochistan as the government was beingrun the way it was being run since the 1999 militarycoup.Thesituation has only worsened over time.Afterthe assassination of Nawb Akbar Bugti, there was afeeling that therulers might have learnt a lesson, but inthe following days they became more aggressive andincreased the use of force. It seemed that theestablishment still wanted to resolve the issueexclusively through the use of force. During thisperiod, a brief interval of relief had come with therelease ofAkhtar Mengal andthe productionofWahidQambar, a victim of enforced disappearance, before

4. Democratic governance

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In meeting with Hindu community in Kalat


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the court. But it is an open secret that the MilitaryIntelligence (MI) and the Inter Services Intelligence(ISI) are still calling theshots.They are assisted in thisby the F.C. The provincial government is confined tocarrying out development works and allegedly in theprocess minting money through corruption. The Armyandintelligence agencies arerunningthereal show.

As nationalist forces, belonging toboth Pakhtun and Baloch communities, boycotted thelast general elections, they have no representation inthe provincial or national assemblies. However, in thesubsequent Senate election these parties contested

and won seats. In the absence of nationalist parties,there is a void in the political system which has beenfilled by the.Civil-militarybureaucracy.

According toHRCP's information & analysis, wide-spreadcorruption in the provincial administration and weakwrit of the government are two major issues ofgovernance inBalochistan.The overbearingpresenceof intelligence agencies, such as the ISI and theMI, inBalochistan and their actions against Baloch politicalactivists further hamper the political process. Not onlythe opposition parties but also public figures pointedfingers at the intelligence agencies in some cases oftargeted killing. For example, in Mastung, localresidents nabbed an attacker who was carrying an ISIidentity card. Some senior public figures confirmedthis incident in their interviews with the fact-findingmission.

Political vacuum:

The role of intelligence agencies:

The excesses committed by the securityestablishment in Balochistan have increased thealienation of the Baloch people, pushing them awayfrom the political process to militancy. The Baloch feelthat security agencies treat them like enemies andas ifthey are not the citizens of Pakistan. It was a commoncomplaint that the security personnel have adoptedthe same attitude and the same hatred towards theBalochas they had forthe Bengalis.

Allegations of widespreadcorruption in the provincial government abound. It isalleged that each provincial minister has been given140 million rupees in the name of development workas a bribe. It is generally believed in Balochistan thepower of the state is in the hands of the military whilethe civilian government has been given a free hand to

plunder the public exchequer. Nawabzada Talal Bugti,the son of late Akbar Bugti, complains that seniorfigures in the federal and provincial governmentsdemanded a share from him for helping him receivehis shareof royalty from the Sui gas fields.

he Baloch nationalists can be divided into twobroad categories: (a) Those who want separation

from Pakistan and loath any agreement with theestablishment in Islamabad. They also opposeparticipation in the parliamentary electoral processand want to achieve their objective through militantmeans; (b) those who want maximum provincialautonomy within the state of Pakistan though theirdemands of provincial autonomy border on theconfederal systemof government.Some of them wantautonomy or sovereign status as per the 1940 LahoreResolution as they interpret it. These elements arewilling to hold negotiations with the powers that be but

on certain conditions, the withdrawal of army andparamilitary troops from Balochistan being theforemostcondition.

Theideological basis of the Baloch nationalist struggle,however, is the same whether they are separatists ordemand greater provincial autonomy. Both groups are

Issues of governance:

The issue of separate Baloch identity:

5. TheBaloch concerns

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A tradition of armed suppression to counter political activism


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asserting a distinct Baloch identity and expressfrustration with Pakistan over what they deem thefederation's failure to acknowledge the historicalidentity of the Baloch people. Abdul Hai Baloch, aBaloch leader who wants Baloch rights within thefederal framework, presents his views in the followingwords:

The establishment has never accepted thefact that Pakistan is a multi-nation country. Pakistancame into existence in 1947, but Balochs, Pathans,Sindhis, Punjabis, and Seraikis have been here forcenturies. They have their own cultures andlanguages.

The Baloch do not have control over theirresources and Punjab has been exploitingBaloch resources forthe last63 years.The Baloch are not represented in the powerstructure at Islamabad.Pakistan's political system is not democraticand representative of the people, but isdominated by a single ethnic community,namely, the Punjabis.Institutions of the state are perpetratingexcesses against the Baloch people, political

activists in particular, leading to their killings,arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearancesandhumiliation.The Is lamabad establ ishment is nottrustworthy as it has backed out of itspromises time and again and killed Balochleaders, including Nawab Akbar Bugti.However, trust may be reposed in some civilsociety organisationsof Pakistan.Balochistan needs political autonomy andcontrol over natural & economic resources,

andnot a merefinancial reliefpackage.Pakistani establishment is patronising theTaliban movement and has helped themestablish their sanctuaries in Baloch areaswitha view topitting them against theBaloch.

The widespread grievance that

Major grievances of the moderate Balochnationalists

Control on resources and economicexploitation:

Islamabad and Punjab are plundering Balochresources could be understood in the words of aBaloch leader, Abdul Hayee Baloch: Baloch are themost exploited people in the country. In 1952, natural

gas was discovered in Balochistan, but Baloch peoplewere denied used of that resource. They were deniedopportunities to work at gas plants there. Naturally,people will react to all this. Pakistani federation owesbillions of rupees to Balochistan. This region providesthe cheapest gas to Pakistan. Minerals like gold aremined from Saindak but local people have beendenied jobs in the mining company. The rulers areplundering ourwealth.

Non-Baloch people are also trying to occupyour land. First, they tried to change Balochistan'sdemography by bringing settlers from Punjab tocultivate the lands irrigated through the newly-dug PatFeeder Canal. We foiled this attempt. Now they aretrying this throughmega projects like theGwadar port.They have started selling Gwadar land as real estateto the people of Karachi and Lahore. The land mafiahas pushed the local inhabitants of Gwadar 60 to 70miles awayfrom themain town.Theyhave also triedtotransform the Baloch into a minority in their own landby opening up industrial areas in Hub. The army hasalso occupied our land. They have set up a naval base

in Omara. They have not spared even our nationalpark and Pakistanair forcehasoccupied93,000 acresof the park's land.

Punjab has occupied our resources. Punjabhas patronised tribal leaders of Balochistan to keepthe province backward. We were better off in 1948when in our trade with Bombay (now Mumbai) ourexports exceeded imports.

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The withdrawal of military from Baloch territory is necessaryto start political dialogue


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Economic backwardness and deprivation:In far-flung areas of Balochistan, one cannot find anyfacility of life. In the words of Jamaat-e-Islami leader,Abdul Mateen. The coastal highway does not passthrough even a single union council of Makran district;it has been built for the benefit of civil and militarybureaucracy.

In Balochistan, education is destroyed.Alargenumber of both public and private schools andcolleges are closed. The same is the case with healthfacilities. Half of the population is infected withHepatitis-B. Tuberculosis is quite common. Eyediseases are widespread. Health care for women isnot available. Maternity homes do not exist in thecountryside, and Baloch women have to give birth onroads on their way from remote villages to the cities

where suchfacilities aresparsely available.

The political viewpoint of moderate elementscan be understood in their own words: We all need toresist the army. The army's internal and externalpolicies have failed to deliver the goods. The wholecountry is burningdue to its policies. If civil society hadplayed itsrole, thecountry would havebeenbetteroff.

Today, an atmosphere of distrust prevails inBalochistan. Akbar Bugti had held talks with aparliamentary delegation;what happened to him?Can

the army or civilian government in Islamabad betrusted? Whodo you talk towhen thereis notrust?

In the last 62 years, thepeople of Balochistanhave never been rulers of their homeland. Balochnationalists perceive Pakistani establishment as cruelandexploitative .

They [the establishment] think they havemonopoly on intellect andwisdom. They have alloweda controlled democracy only to cool down the tempersof the masses. They have never allowed a democraticgovernment to stay in power. The longest continuouscivilianperiod inour history was four and a half years .

The Baloch territory and people wereintegrated into Pakistan through the use offorce in1948while theBalochrepresentativesnever approved this merger into the Pakistani

nationstate.The Baloch do not want to live with thePunjabis and want separation from Pakistanto form theirown nationstate.Both the Pakistani state and civil society arenot trustworthy and are inimical to the causeofthe Baloch people. The parliament and the judiciary cannot be helpful in the Balochcause.If some organisationwants to help the Balochpeople, it should raise the issue of human

rights violations at the international level,especially in theUnited Nations.International support for independence ofBalochistan is welcome irrespective of whooffers that, be it the United States or India.Asex te r na l e le men t s a re g a the red i nAfghanistan to pressure Pakistan and NATOforces just 50 kilometres away from Quetta, afavourable environment exists for Balochnationaliststo push through their agenda.

Thepositionof Baloch separatists

A Baloch leader, Habib Jalib Baloch, said:Our main demand is the right of self-determinationand self-rule. We appeal to the United Nations andother international organisations to help us. We wantpeaceful resolution of our dispute with Pakistanand toavoid bloodshed. We urge the UN to sendpeacekeeping forces here to expel Pakistani forcesfrom this region and then start talks for peacefulsettlement of the issue.

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A case of countless grievances


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Protesting the disappearance of Balochis

this crime it becomes an even more serious issue. InBalochistan, intelligenceagencies including thepoliceand the Frontier Corps are abducting people. TheCommission demands that if the state has anycomplaint against a person, it should institute a caseagainst him. The state should legally arrest him andproceed againsthiminsteadof abducting him.

In any case, the government's Balochistanrights package puts this matter high on the list ofissues that need to be resolved. The government hasnow belatedly issued a form on whichcases of missingpersons should be reported. There is little doubt thatthis issue will be one of human rights activists' mainconcerns forquite sometime.

HRCPstartednoticing this issuein 2004whenthe number of missing persons from Balochistan rosesharply. By 2006 Balochistan accounted for anoverwhelming majority of persons reported missing ina year. HRCP started collecting particulars of missingpersons on theUN form (that the government has nowdiscovered), by no means an easy task. In thebeginning of 2007, HRCP moved the Supreme Courtfor the recovery/release of several hundred missingpersons. By November 2007, about half of the personslisted by HRCP had been traced. The hearingsstopped in November 2007 and have only recently

resumed. HRCP continues to receive fresh complaintsof enforced disappearances.

During consultations with the families of thedisappeared people in Quetta (October 2009), HRCPChairperson Asma Jahangir told them that in order toraise its voice about the disappeared people, HRCPneeded certain details about them such as their name,parentage, address, and the ground for suspectingstate agencies' involvement in the abduction. Shesaidif these details are missing, the Commission cannotraise the issue either in the courts or in the UnitedNations.She told them that HRCPwouldprovide thema form to be filled for the details of the disappearedpeople. Separately, HRCP also demanded of thegovernment to sign the International Convention forthe Protection of All Persons from EnforcedDisappearance so that it would become possible forrights groups to take up this matter in the UN's workinggroup on this issue. She asked the audience to join

hands with the HRCP to persuade publicrepresentatives and the government to sign thisConvention.

These meetings threw up thefollowing issues:

The Baloch are extremely bitter that nobodycares for their disappeared persons . Theyneed tobe engagedin a sympatheticmanner.

Families of the missing persons living inremote areas, and in not-so-remote areassuch as Kalat, do not have the means toregister their complaints.

Most people do not know how to accessredresschannels.

Families are unawareof the casesin courts.

Baloch political

workers expressed their disappointment with the judiciary. In the words of Mohammad Sadiq Reesani,the president of Baloch Bar Association: Mr JusticeIftikhar Chaudhry has not acted as a chief judge of thecountry but as a chief justice of the Punjab province.The Baloch do not recognise the chief justice of theBalochistan High Court. TheBaloch want the statusoftheir land to be reverted to the pre-1948 position when

HRCP concerns:

Distrust in Judiciary:

!

!

!

!

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it was not part of Pakistan. In the past four years, theBaloch Bar Association has filed more than 500petitions in the Balochistan High Court fordisappeared persons, but the judges have not takenthem seriously. Baloch people have lost confidence inthe legislatureandjudiciary andare indifferent to theseinstitutions.

A participant who did not identify himselfpointed out that on February 13, 2009 a Balochactivist,Mr JaleelRaiki, was picked up allegedly by ISIpersonnel from Saryab Road, Quetta. Anotherparticipant, Hidayatullah, said that his son was agraduation student and went to deposit hisexamination fee on September 3 2009 when he waspicked up and had not returned since. A young man,

Muhammad Faheem, said his brother MuhammadNaveed, was picked up by the Frontier Corpspersonnel accompanied by plainclothes men. He saidthat some other people were also picked up fromnearby homes along with his brother. He said a casewas subsequently registered against his brotherregarding the recovery of illegal weapons from him,but the hearing ofthe case had not started evenafter alapseoftwo and a half months.

An old man said his son, Abdul Hai, 21, waspicked up from outside his home at Saryab Road,Quetta, and his neighbours are witness to thisabduction. He said four days after the incident, asecurity agency's officials came to him and said hisson was in their custody and that they would soonrelease him. He said more than 40 days had passedsince then but his son had neither been released norhad he been given an opportunity to see him or talk tohim on phone. "If he has committed a crime, theyshould produce him in a court, though we do not haveany trust in thecourts," said the oldman.

ShabanaMajid, a young woman, said that herbrother ZakirMajid is a senior vice-chairmanof BalochStudent Organisation (BSO) and had been picked upfrom Mastung on June 8, 2009. She alleged that herbrother had also been abducted earlier on twooccasions in 2007 and 2008 and kept in illegaldetention. She said: "You cannot imagine themourning in our home. My mother weeps buckets for

The stories of the families of missingpersons :

herson."She said the Baloch people have lost trust in

thenon-Baloch. She said even if a bird comes from thePunjab, the Baloch view it as a representative ofintelligence agencies and added that they also viewtheHRCPin the samemanner.

Meherjan Baloch, central spokeswoman ofthe BSO, said civil society organisations were moredangerous than intelligence agencies. She allegedthat HRCP had not raised Zarina Marri's case, a caseoften mentioned by Baloch nationalists but notsupported by any evidence. She claimed that morethan 141 Baloch women were missing, including a 10-year-oldgirl.

HRCP Co-chairperson Iqbal Haider said he

had tried to find out the whereabouts of Zarina Marribut no one had provided him her address, the name ofher father or any relative, nor any record of herexistence. He said he had contacted Marris andMengalsbut receivedno information abouther.

Shari Qambar, the daughter of WahidQambar, who went mising in Turbat on March 14,2007, accused HRCP of maintaininga criminal silenceover the disappeared people and added that sheconsidered civil societyorganisations more harmful fortheBalochcause than thearmed forces.

She said if Asma Jahangir wanted to dosomething for the Baloch people, shemust listen to allthe victim families and raise this issue at theinternational level. "My father was kept in Turbat jailbut afterwards he was transferred to Quetta and hasundergone so much torture that he has forgotten myname," She said. She threatened if her father died incustody, she would go to Islamabad and commitsuicide inprotest.

A young man, Ghazanfar Ali, whose brotherMushtaq Baloch was missing from Khuzdar sinceMarch 27, 2009, also reiterated the demand of otherBaloch student activists that HRCP needed to raisetheissue at the international levelas the Balochdidnotexpect relief from national institutions. Ghazanfar saidhis brother was anactivist ofBSO-Azad.

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Another participant, Hidayatullah, said hisnephew Abdul Ghani Baloch, an activist of BSO-M,had been missing since September 3, 2009. Healleged that he was picked up along with six of hisfriends by FCpersonnel in broad daylight. He said thatGhani's father, Ghulam Akbar, is himself a retired FCofficial, but the officers refused to see him. He said thevictim's family kept receiving telephone calls from asecurity agency, which appeared as a single-digitphone number on the calling line identification (CLI)display, generally an indicator of a phone call from anintelligence or securityagencyof thecountry.

Hidayatullah welcomed HRCP in Balochistanand said he had no doubt about the Commission'sintentions, unlike others who criticised the HRCP. Heclaimed that a total of 1,650 Baloch people are

missing.

Another participant, Hafiz Saeed, said hisson, Allah Baksh, hadbeen missing sinceJuly 4, 2003, the daywhen he went out ofhis home on a bicyclein the morning. "I amin such anguish andpain that I no longer

wish to be alive,"Saeed said with tears in his eyes. Hesaid he had weptso much that he had lost his eyesight. He said that hehad registered an FIR in Saryab Road Police Stationafter 15 days of his son's disappearance and that apetition was also pending in the Balochistan HighCourt for the last one and a half years. He said the ISIand the MI had informed the court that they had notpicked up his son. Hafiz Saeed said the HRCP'sdelegation should have visited Quetta much earlier.He appealed to the Commission to do somethingconcrete to secure relief for him. He said securityofficials wereperpetrating excessesagainst them.

FarooqBangalzai, sonof a disappeared man,Ali Asghar Bangalzai, said for the last few years thesecurity agencies have been involved in abductingBaloch people and torturing them. "They tortureBaloch people, causing disability and even death,"said Farooq. He said his family thrice moved the

Balochistan High Court to get his father released butfailed to get justice. He said he and his brothers gaveup their education due to the financial problemscaused by his father's disappearance and sold thefamily's property tofight hiscase in thesuperior courts."Those who abducted my father do not even have themoral courage to tell us whether he is alive or dead,"Farooqadded.

The brother of another disappeared man,Muhammad Iqbal, said his brother was picked upalong with three of his friends by the Frontier Corps inTurbat on March 14, 2007. All of them were graduatestudents. He said the FC confirmed that they havepicked up the four men and would soon release them.He said after 11 months the FC released the threefriends of his brother but Iqbal had still not been freed.He claimed the released men told him that they werekept in the FC Camp in Turbat for the first two months

a n d w e r es u b s e q u e n t l ymoved to threeseparate roomsand shi fted toQ u e t t a a f t e rseven months.They had alsoa d d r e s se d a

press conferenceat theTurbat Press Clubafter their release.

Muhammad Iqbal's brother said he had nohope the rulers and the courts would provide them justice. He alleged that the judges of the superiorcourts were also not impartial in their case. He saidthat during the hearing of cases about victims ofinvoluntary disappearance, including that of hisbrother, a judgeof theSupremeCourt had commentedthat the disappeared people had voluntarily gone toAfghanistan, which he said indicated his mindset. Heappealed to the government to at least tell the familywhetherhisbrotherwas alive ordead.

Chakar Qambarani, a member of BalochRepublican Party (BRP) central committee, whospentmore than six months in illegal detention by a securityagency, said that in the jail he sawseveral Balochmendetainedand subjected to torture.He said hecould not

16

Muhammad Iqbal's brother said he had no hope the rulers and the courts would provide them justice. He alleged that the judges of the superior courts were also not impartial in their case


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bring himself to narrating the stories of torture carriedout in jails because it would increase the pain of menandwomen present in themeeting.

He said that a Baloch man, ZafarNosherwani,was in the custody of intelligence agencies for twomonths. He claimed that untila fewmonths ago men inplain clothes used to pick up people, but now FC'suniformed officials were abducting young men. Hesaid HRCP required evidence that it was indeed asecurity agency that had picked up a man, but it isquite difficult for the people in Balochistan to provideproof inallcases because ofa war-likesituation.

Shari Qambar, daughter of Wahid Qambarfrom Turbat, said shehad come from Karachi to attendthe meeting with the HRCP and that her father waslanguishing in Quetta Jail after an extended period ofinvoluntary disappearance. She said the Balochp e o p l e h a db e c o m econscious of theirpol i tical r ightsafter the murderof Akbar Bugti.She requestedthe HRCP to workfor her father's

release.

The sister of Hidayatullah, another victim ofinvoluntary disappearance, said the relatives do notaccept any apology from those who have committedexcess against the Baloch. She said HRCP membersshould visit dungeons and torture cells of securityagencies and get the Baloch people released. Shesaid her mother spent the Eid day crying for her son.Hidayatullah's mother was also present in the meetingand appealed for HRCP's assistance to get her sonreleased.

A young man said Takari Hashim was taking apatient to a nearby hospital when officials of theMI, ISIand FC picked him up in front of 20 men. He said laterthey were asked to enquire about Hashim from the ISIbut had not received any information about himdespite the lapse of 80 days. He said since Hashimused tograze cattlein Qalat and knewthe routesin the

desert and paths leading to water springs wheremilitants usually hide, he had been picked up by theagenciestohelplocatesuchareas.

Latif Baloch, the brother of a disappearedman, Kabeer Baloch, said he was thankful to HRCPthat it hadcometomeet theBaloch people.

He said his brother was picked up 95 daysearlier from Khuzdar, but he still does not know thewhereabouts of his brother. He said some other menpicked along with his brother had later been released.He said the released people said they were tortured inthe detention.

Another participantwho identifiedhimselfas aclose relative of Saleem Langov said Langov, arickshaw driver in Quetta, was picked up byplainclothes men along with his rickshaw. He said he

f e a r e d t h a t b ys p e a k i n g a b o u tL an go v, h e w asexposing himself tot he r is k o f bei ngpickledup.

P r o f e s s o rSiddique Baloch gave details of the abduction of hisbrother, Dr. Din Baloch. He said on the night betweenJune 28 and 29, men in plain clothes came to theresidential quarters of the Civil Hospital in Khuzdarand picked up his brother. He said the family filed anFIR with the local police station, but the policeregistered the case against unidentified peopleinstead of intelligence agencies' personnel as thefamily wanted it to. He said the family has also filed apetition in the Balochistan High Court. He said he hadalso met the Quetta corps commander to get hisbrother recovered but the army officer said his brotherhad been picked up by a private group. He ruled outthat possibility and said his brother and the family didnot have any personal enmity and therefore it wasunlikely that he was abducted by a private group orindividuals.

17

The sister of Hidayatullah, another victim of involuntary disappearance, said the relatives do not accept any apology from those who have committed excess against the Baloch. She said HRCP members should visit dungeons and torture cells of security agencies


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Since the year 2003 more than 260 people belonging to the Hazara community in Quetta have been killed in target shooting and more than 1,000 people injured. Not a single person has been convicted for carrying out these killings so far.

Shahzeb Baloch, president of BSO (Azad)Quetta, said he himself underwent the torture of ISI forthree months. He said the agencies were picking upthe Baloch and treating them like animals. He claimedthousands of people have been picked up whosenames were yet to be known. He said he wasabducted from a market by armed men and on hisrefusal to go with them in their car, he was beaten andforced to sit with them. He said in the torture cells hewas tortured by ISI and MI officials who were in plainclothes. He said during the interrogation, they used toask him about Baloch leaders including Zakir Majeed,a central leader of BSO. He said FC officials had toldhim that they had 475 Baloch men in their custody andthreatened him that they would keep him in detentionindefinitelyif hedidnot cooperate.

ll over Balochistan, the widespread killings ofnon-Baloch teachers, targeted killings and

abduction for ransomof businessmen coming fromthePunjabi- and Urdu-speaking communities andsectarian killings of Hazaras belonging to the Shiafaith indicate a near breakdown of law and order inBalochistan. This is despite the presence of FC andseveral intelligence agencies.

It is evident that the common people in theprovince fear notonly the state apparatus, such as theintelligence and security agencies, but also the non-state actors, the militant Balochorganisations, as well.Several Baloch young men frankly admitted to HRCPthat Baloch militants were involved in targeting andkilling non-Baloch people including teachers, butsome Baloch representat ives of t eachers 'associations were in a state of denial. They presenteda conspiracy theory

a nd s a id t h a ti n t e l l i g e n c ea g en c ie s w e reinvolved in targetk il li ng s o f n on -B a lo c h p e op l e,w h i c h s e e m edabsurd.

7. Target killings

A

The public safety situation is so bad in Quettathat businesses close early in the evening. A lot ofpeople including non-Baloch businessmen aremigrating from the city. During the last couple of yearsincidents of abduction for ransom have sharply risenand nota singleperpetrator of thecrime has beenheldaccountable.

The business community is forced to payextortion money to one or the other political groups.Mine-owners in the province pay extortion money tothe Baloch Liberation Army (BLA) and other militantswho receive between one and two million rupees inextortion from businessmen. Generally, it is said,militants do not kill Punjabi businessmen becausethey canpay themransom orextortionmoney, buttheykillpoor Punjabis whocannot makepayment.

Since the year 2003 more than260 people belonging to the Hazara community inQuetta have been killed in target shooting and morethan 1,000 people injured. Not a single person hasbeenconvicted forcarryingout these killingsso far.

The Hazara community believes that securityagencies and the government are protecting andpatronising the perpetrators of the crimes against theShia group. As an example, they cite the case of two

convicted criminals, Usman Saifullah Kurd andShafeeq Rind, belonging to the anti-Shia Lashkar-i-Jhangvi organisation, who mysteriously escaped froma very well-guarded jail of Anti-Terrorist Force (ATF) inQuetta Cantonment where no one can enter without apass, implying that their escape was facilitated by thesecurity agencies. One of them, Shafeeq Rind, wasarrested five months later but Usman was stillabsconding.

A number of lawyers belonging to Shia andHazara communityhave been killed intargeted shootings.Sectarian hit-mendare judges in thec ou rt s t ha t o nrelease they wouldagain kill Shias. TheH a z a r a S h i a

Killing of Hazaras:

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community seemsto have lost trust int h e p r o v i n c i a lg o v e r n m e n t ' scapability to bringperpetrators of thecrimes to justice.The administrations ee ms t o be arethnic andsectarianbiases against the Hazara-Shia community. Since thenew government assumed the charge, not a singlechallan had been presented in courts against theaccused.The accused arearrested in the morning andreleased in the afternoon. No government or publicofficial had ever condemned the targeted killing ofmembers of the Hazara community nor came tocondole the murders or offer any compensation tovictims' families. A senior public figure told HRCP fact-finding mission that public figures do not condemn thetargetkillingsfor fear ofbeing attacked.

There are complaints that Police/ATF officialswere also involved in the killing of members of theHazara/Shia community on March 2, 2004 whenterrorists attacked the main Ashura (10 Muharram)procession in Quetta. An ATF SP Amir KhanMandokhel is accused of being biased against

Hazaras on ethnic grounds and committing excessesagainst them, and that he had carried out themassacre of Hazaras in 2004. The officer had beenholding the same position for the last 15 years. Thereare widespread complaints that the Anti-TerroristForce personnel commit excesses against the Hazaracommunity andhumiliate them.

The police is accused of not taking sectariankillings and crimes against the Hazara communityseriously. They say no effort was ever made by thegovernment to conduct an impartial inquiry intoserious charges.The government had setup tribunalsto probe the loss of lives in 2004 and 2008, but theirfindings had not been made public to date. SeveralHazaras were killed in these incidents and byimplicating members of the Hazara community inthose murder cases the police had made mattersworse for thecommunity.

I t s ee mssectarian militancyhas been allowed tof l o u r i s h w i t hi m p u r i t y i nB a l o ch i s t a n, i nparticular in Quetta,a nd t h e p ub li cbelieves that thei n t e l l i g e n c e

establishment has connections with the sectarianorganisations. In recent years, a banned sectarianorganisation, Sipah-i-Sahaba, has become activeunder a new name, Jamaat Ahle Sunnat. A Shiareligious leader, Allama Maqsood Ali Donki, was killedin a grenadeattack by twoassailants.The police killedthe two attackers on the spot. The next day, Jamaat

Ahle Sunnat brought out a protest demonstrationagainst the killing of the assailants. There are reportsthat sectarian militants openly say they would keepkillingShias unless theyembraced Sunni Islam .

The relative prosperity of Hazara community,with handsome amounts of remittances coming homefrom a large numberof expatriates, is cited as anotherreason behind increasing crimes against thecommunity members. It seems a campaign has beenlaunched to terrorise the Hazara community so that

they leave Quetta by selling their businesses andproperty at throwaway prices. Pamphlets have beenleft at their homes telling them to sell their houses andleave. Incidents of abduction for ransom are commonin Quetta and the members of Hazara community areabducted on sectarian basis. The ransom amountrangesbetweenoneandfour million rupees.

Although Punjabi and Urdu-speaking people involved in all kinds of services arethe target of theBaloch militants, thekillingof teachersis more noticeable because of the large scale ofviolence against them and its visible impact on thesociety. Most professors in Balochistan University arefrom Punjab or the port city of Karachi in Sindh andtheysay they keep receivingthreateningletters askingthem to leave Balochistan. The letters read: "We arefrom Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA). You shouldleave this province." Because of violence BalochistanUniversity remained closed for two months and was

Teachers:

19

Although Punjabi and Urdu-speaking people involved in all kinds of services are the target of the Baloch militants, the killing of teachers is more noticeable because of the large scale of violence against them and itsvisible impact on the society


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No public official expressed sorrow over the murder of the t e a c h e r s . N o p o l i t i c a l organisation ever protested against the closure of colleges in Balochistan

opened in October 2009. At least 20 BalochistanUniversity teachers have got themselves transferredon deputation to Sindh or Punjab because ofinsecurity; 120 university teachers have requested tobe transferred out of Balochistan; 10 professors taketheir classes with gunmen guarding them; and mostteachers have shifted their families to Punjab or otherparts of thecountry.

Dr Safdar Kiyani was the most seniorprofessor in the Balochistan University; he was shotdead the day he was made vice-chancellor in 2009.Afterwards, his two sons left Quetta. Regrettably, noBaloch political party or leader condemnedDr Kiyani'smurder or attended his funeral prayer. ModerateBaloch leaders say that they cannot criticise suchmurders for fear that they would be blasted forcondemning the violence perpetrated by the militantsin thenameof waging a struggleforindependence.

In these circumstances, no Pakhtun orPunjabi teacher wants to conduct examinations inBaloch-dominated areas. The only degree college inQuetta, Govt Degree College Quetta, with 3,000enrolled students, had remained closed for ninemonths when the HRCP team visited the province.The building was being used as the armed forces'camp office. The government has opened new

campuses of the University in Turbat and Loralai sothat teachers could continue their work there, but it willdeprive students from Baloch-dominated areas fromcontinuing their studies and create further tensionbetween theBaloch andPakhtuncommunities.

The government's failure to arrest andprosecute the perpetrators of violence is anotherreason that discouraged non-Baloch teachers tocontinue working in Balochistan. No public official

expressed sorrow over the murder of these teachers.No political organisation ever protested against theclosure of colleges in Balochistan. The only protesthasbeen from theacademic staff in these institutions.

The cycle of violence makes the situationworse for Balochistan's teaching community, which isalready suffering on account of low emoluments andbenefits for their services compared to otherprovinces. For example, PhD teachers in the Punjabreceive an allowance of Rs 10,000, while the amountfor a teacher with the same degree in Balochistan isonly Rs950.

emocratic development in Balochistan, amongother factors, hinges on harmonious relationship

between the two major ethnic groups in the province,theBalochandthePakhtun.

Balochistan's Pakhtun nationalists formulate theirpolitical agenda in three different matrices: (a) A pan-Pakhtun desire to cobble together the Pakhtun-dominated areas into one political entity; (b) Am u l ti n a ti o na l P a ki s t an i s t a te i n w h i chconstitutionalism and federal parliamentary principle

guarantee their political rights; and (c) present-dayBalochistan withequal representation of thePakhtunsand the Balochs. The third option represents theminimumtheywant tohave under thecircumstances.

The rhetoric of the Pakhtun nationalistsbegins withwhatcould be termed as Pan-Pakhtunism.Pakhtun nationalists express the desire for a unitedPakhtun territory consisting of all Pakhtun-dominatedareas in one federal unit. The nationalists resent thedivision of Pakhtuns into several administrative partsof Pakistan including the NWFP, Balochistan, Punjab(Attock and Mianwali), Federally Administered TribalArea (FATA) and Provincially AdministeredTribal Area(PATA) in NWFP and that the Pakhtuns are the mostdisplaced people in Pakistan with more than 10 millionpeople living far from their homes, especially inKarachi, to earn a living. The complaints of economicexploitation by Islamabad and Punjab are alsonumerous, especially that the Punjabis are looting

8. The Pakhtunconcerns

D

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Baloch resources. The nationalists want rivers' waterin the country to be considered as Pakhtun propertyand given royalty on it along with oil, gas, preciousstones andother minerals.

While the Baloch nationalists seem to havedrifted away from the constitutional framework for theattainment of their political rights, the Pakhtunnationalists want their rightful political share in agenuinely federal arrangement. They complain of thecountry's overall political turmoil with repeated militaryinterventions, interruptions in democratic process,and the violation of the Constitution, which in theiropinion have caused denial of the Pakhtuns' politicalrights. They alsoresent the countrybeing run like au ni t a ry s t a t ei ns t e ad o f af e d e r a lp a r l i a m e n t a r yd e mocracy a senvisaged in the1 9 7 3C o n s t i t u t i o n .They want a newsocial contract in which all the nationalities, or nationsas they call them, in Pakistan have equal rights.

The Pakhtun nationalists complain ofmeddling by the army and intelligence agencies intopolitics which hampered the democratic process andparticipation of all nationalities in power system. Lackof confidence in electoral process and doubtsabout itsfairness are also major issues with the Pakhtunnationalists. In Balochistan, the Pakhtunkhawa MilliAwami National Party (PKMAP) is the largest politicalparty of Pakhtun nationalists. PKMAP provincial chiefUsman Kakar says: The parliament must consist ofelected representatives of the people instead ofpeople returning to assemblies on the orders of GHQwith the help ofpoliceofficers.

In the matrix of Balochistan, the Pakhtunnationalists refer to low representation given to thePakhtuns in the provincial set-up and complain theyhave been reduced to second-rate citizens in theprovince. The divergent estimates of the population of

the two communities are at the root of the discord.According to Pakhtuns, the population of the twocommunities is equal in the province, but Balochnationalists say the ratio is 80 to 20, with the Baloch inmajority. The estimate of population ratio also givesbirth to controversy over the distribution of provincialfunds, job opportunities and admissions intoeducational institutions. At present, two-thirds of theelectoral constituencies in the province have amajorityofBaloch people. In the province, there are12administrative districts dominated by the Pakhtunwhile 18 districts are dominated by the Balochpopulation. since the time Balochistangained the status of a province, no Pakhtun could

become chief ministerof the province ispresented as a proofo f a p o l i t i c a ldeprivation of thePakhtuns. Alienatedfrom the provincialentity, the Pakhtunwan t t he ir a r ea s'separate existenceand representation inthe parliament as it

was in the British Balochistan, called ChiefCommission's Province at that time, comprising 85

percentPakhtunpopulation.

The Pakhtun businessmencontrol two-thirds of Quetta's trade in addition to theirtraditional hold over the thriving transport business.The deteriorating law and order situation has affectedthe Pakhtun businessmen, but the Pakhtuns do notseem to be the victims of ongoing targeted killings.Instead, the Pakhtuns in Quetta seem to be quite aninfluential and powerful community. Still, theycomplain that the government's policies and actionsare discriminatory against them. The violation of meritsystem in admission to academic institutions andobservance of quota system favouring Balochpopulationarepresented as examples.

A common perception is that neither thefederal nor the provincial government contributes tomaking life better for the Pakhtun. Pakhtunnationalists claim that in Pakhtun's social life, the

The fact that

Discrimination:

21

P ak ht un n at io na li st s r ef er t o l ow

representation given to the Pakhtuns in the provincial set-up and complain they have been reduced to second-rate citizens in the province. The divergent estimates of the population of the two communities are at the rootof the discord


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government's contribution is no more than 10 percent.In the federal annual development plan, 17 percentfunds are allocated to the Baloch areas while only 4percent funds are given to the Pakhtun areas, thePKMAPsays.

In Pakhtun areas, people are facing economicproblems due to the after-effects of a drought that hitthe region 10 years ago. More than 10,000 orchardsconsisting of 9 million fruit trees were said to havewithered. The water level that was 250 feet belowground a decade ago has plummeted to 1,400 feet.Neither the federal nor the provincial government tookany reliefmeasure to rescue thePakhtun farmers,andtheirdemandsto builddamshave fallenon deafears.

It is commonly believed that crime in Pakhtun

areas has increased since the abolition of traditionalsystem of Levies, a paramilitary force, during thePervez Musharraf regime. Earlier, 94 percent area ofBalochistan was under the control of the Levies andonly 6 percent under the control of the regular policeforce. The Pakhtuns denounced target killings andhostility towards the settlers. One reason is, besidesother things, any interruption of normal life harms theirbusinessinterests.

hile the general law and order situation inBalochistan is quite bad, the minority

community, especially Hindus, seem to be the worstaffected from both sides the state and the militants.Hindus are worried about dwindling employmentopportunities, kidnappings for ransom and forcedconversionof Hindu girls to Islam.

More than 1,000 Hindus live in the town ofKalat. They say they feel like second-class citizens.The community is afraid that the tradition of tolerancethat was once the hallmark of Baloch society may becoming to an end. At the time of Partition, Hindu-Muslim riots did not take place in Balochistan. Hinduswere free to go everywhere in Balochistan and localMuslims would welcomethem.

Until a few years ago, thefts and murder were

9. MinoritiesW

rare in Kalat; now they are rampant. Violence hasbecome common and widespread. Hindus do not feelsafe in Kalat's exclusive locality, Hindu Mohallah.There is a lot of population pressure on the Hinducommunity to move out and settle a new locality butthey are afraid to do so out of fear for their security.Hindus complain that they cannot go out of town evenin day time for reasons of security. "We live in a ghettoand celebrate our festivals in an atmosphere of fear.The Hindu community is so scared that they do notspeak freely forfearof beingharmed.

The Hindushave access neither to high-ranking governmentofficials nor holders of political offices. The communityleaders complain that they have failed to get anappointment with theBalochistan chief minister and orgovernor to convey their concerns. For the last fiveyears the district minority committee has not met,indicating the government's indifference to theirproblems.

Members of religious minorities are ignoredfor government jobs. Thus, there is an issue ofunemployment among Hindu youth owing to theunannounceddiscrimination.

There are only two schools for the Hindu

community in Kalat which are inadequate to provideeducation facilities to thecommunity.

Thegovernment seems to be doing little to remove theanxieties and complaints of the Hindu community. Itseems to have failed to provide even a semblance ofprotection to the community. Police rarely takes noticeof crimes against the community members. In 2009, ayoung Hindu child was abducted for ransom in thepresence of police. A few years ago, a young Hinduman was murdered, but police did not arrest the

Neglect and discrimination:

The government's indifference:

22

Members of religious minorities are ignored for government jobs. Thus,there is an issue of unemployment among Hindu youth owing to the unannounced discrimination


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accused. In the words of a Hindu community leader: The government does not do anything for us. Whenour boy was abducted, we went on strike for two days,closingbusinesses andblocking theNational Highwayfor one whole night, but nobody turned up to ask whatthe issue was. Even no political leader came to helpthe community. The boy was recovered due to thecommunity's own efforts, implying the community paidransom for his release. Hindus are a generally peace-loving communityandarepoliticallyandsociallyweak.The day the Hindu boy was abducted in Kalat, fouryoung men brandishing assault rifles kept patrollingthestreetsofHinduMohalla andno one stopped them.TheHindu traders pay extortion money amid threats oftheir shops being bombed unless they make thepayment.

Although conversion of Hindu girlsthrough marriages is not as widely reported inBalochistan as in Sindh, a few cases of conversionhave taken place. In Quetta, complaints were madethat some cases were reported in which young Hindugirls were first lured into a relationship and thenconverted to Islam. HRCP representatives asked theleaders of the Hindu community to provide particularsof the cases. Their response was awaited till thewritingof this report.

The representative of theSikh community, requested HRCP to help Sikhcommunity of Quetta regain the possession of a Sikhgurdwara where the government has set up a school.There are four Hindu temples in Quetta but theiradjacent land is in the possession of the EvacueeTrust PropertyBoard.TheHindu community wants thelandrepatriatedto these temples.

The joint electoratesystem created some problems for the Hinducommunity in Balochistan. The Kalat Hindus say ifthey do not vote for a candidate in a general election,he becomes their enemy. The Kalat Hindus were of theo

pinion that their representatives should be elected bytheir votes exclusively. At present, there is no electedrepresentative of the Hindu community fromBalochistan in the National Assembly who can focuson their concerns. All Hindu minority seats get filled

Conversion:

Property issues:

Voting under duress:

from Sindh where Hindus are in large number. Thosewho get elected on reserved seats do not meet theHindus of Balochistan because they do not need theirvotes.

It was complained that members of the Hinducommunity cannot vote freely. The head of thecommunity (maharaj) is pressured to decide in favourof one candidate or the other and the communitymembers vote in support of the candidate chosen bythe elder.

he rule of Pervez Musharraf has been quite aprovocative phase for the Baloch because in this

period state excesses radicalised the commonBaloch. The mega projects such as Gwadar port andcoastal highway started in Balochistan during thisperiod strengthenedthe Baloch's sense of deprivationas they thought they were not among thebeneficiariesof these projects. After losing thecontrol of themineralresources such as natural gas in Sui and minerals inSaindak, they realised that now the coastal belt ofBalochistan was also being snatched from theircontrol to the benefit of non-Baloch population of thecountry. Army operation to capture major not resource

discovered?

When the Baloch star ted resis tancemovement against the measures taken by theMusharraf regime, the government responded byusing force instead of holding negotiations anddisplaying a spirit of accommodation. Blood wasspilled, which has traditionally led to the erosion oftrust between the Baloch and the centre. The killing ofNawab Akbar Bugti, the mysterious killing of BalachMarri, the brutal murder of three Baloch leaders in2009, and torture of illegally detained students, andenforced disappearances have made matters worse.In the regional context, where presence ofinternational actors in bordering Afghanistan hasstrained the Pakistan establishment, the Balochconsider it a moment suited to pushing their agendamore aggressively. They have takenup arms and they justify it onthe pretext that they have reacted to the useof force against them.

10. Conclusions

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At the moment, neither the top tier nor theyounger leaders of the Baloch resistance arewilling tostart negotiations with Islamabad. The Baloch youthmake up the backbone of the resistance movement.Even those nationalists who want to remain within thefederation do not want to be seen hobnobbingwith theIslamabad establishment lest they annoy therebelliousyouth. The thrust of the Baloch movement isto internationalise the Balochistan issue. Those whoare seeking a solution within Pakistan are quite weakand not in a position to publiclyopposethe separatists.Rampant human rights violations by the stateagencies havestrengthened thepositionof theBalochseparatists. One way forward could be governmentaction to improve the human rights situation and takethe moderate nationalists on board by holding fresh

elections in Balochistan. For this to happen, thegovernment needs to win the confidence of the Balochpeople by meeting their main demands such aswithdrawal of army and paramilitary forces from theBaloch territories, facilitating return of internallydisplaced people of Dera Bugti and releasing allpoliticalprisoners.

Soon after the HRCP policy statement onhuman rights violations in Balochistan issued onOctober 11 2009, the federal government announced

some relief measures, named Aghaz-i-Huqooq-i-Balochistan Package. Prime Minister Yousaf RazaGilani announced therelief measures in a joint sessionof parliament on November 24. As the so-calledpackage is yet to be implemented and its impactexamined by independent observers, HRCP reservesits comment on how far the promised package hasbeen able to provide relief to thepeople of Balochistanwithregardto humanrights.

There is an urgency to create a climate ofconfidence and trust in Balochistan so thatwider consultation with all stakeholdersbecomes possible. As a first step towardsconfidence-building, demilitarisation of the

11. Recommendations

1.

province is essential.There is a need to restructure laws related tocivil armedforcesand define their role and thesubstance of reform needs to be debated inparliament.

In the long run, all political forces of theprovince should be brought into the politicalmainstream.

Thepeople of Balochistanneed tobe assuredthat they will have full authority to decide theiraffairs including the management and controlof theprovince's natural resources.

Baloch people's overriding concerns aboutmissing personsand displaced people should

be addressed and decision-making powersrestored to civilian, elected representatives ofthe people. On the issue of disappearancesthere is need to set up a high-levelcommission with powers to investigate casesof disappearance, examine witnesses andsummon any state functionary who has hadanything to dowith these matters.

All those illegally held must be freed andcompensated. Political prisoners need to be

released and perpetrators of human rightsviolations brought to justice.

There is a need to raiseawarenessamongthepeople outside Balochistan on what is goingonin the province.

There is a need to set up industrial zones inQuetta and other urban centres of theprovince where the young people could usetheir potential andgetemployment.

Civil society needs to increase its activities inBalochistan to monitor the human rightssituation and democratic development andmainstream the concerns of the Balochistanpeople.

National media's coverage of Balochistan issketchy and inadequate; it needs to allocate

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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more print space and airtime to the issuesconfronting Balochistan. The coverage ofBalochistan issues needs to be made part ofthe national coverage.

The quality of education is quite low inBalochistan and owing to continued violenceand subsequent closure of educationalinstitutions the students of Balochistan havesuffered in terms of education. In thecircumstances, Baloch students cannotcompete with the students of other provincesand need to be given preferential treatment inadmission to colleges and universities and ingovernment employment.

. Last, but not the least, actions speak louder

than words. The government needs to takepractical steps toprovide relief to thepeopleofBalochistan, suchas providingemployment tothe youth, increased funds for the provincialgovernment, withdrawal of army andparamilitaries from the Baloch territory,release of political prisoners and disappearedpersons and constitutional amendments forgreater provincial autonomy. In short apolitical settlement is urgently needed andvital if Balochistan is to be spared any more

pain.

11.

12

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In 2009, 15 incidents of sectarian violence tookplace in which 26 men were killed and five othersinjured.

January 10: Syed Saqlain Naqvi a leader ofTahreek-e- Jaffria, was shot andkilled onChakar KhanRoad, District Sibi along with his gunman Ghulam Aliby unidentified gunmen.

January 13: Hanif Ali Hazara, the resident ofMuslim Ithad Colony, was killed by unidentified armedmenon Kirani Road, Quetta.

January 14: Police officials, namely DSP

Hassan Ali, Ghulam Muhammad, Muhammad Tariqand Nasarullah were gunned down by unknownarmed motorcyclists on Sariab Road, Quetta whenthey were on their way to the Police Training College,Quetta.

January 26: Hussain Ali Yousafi, ChairmanHazara Democratic Party (HDP) assassinated byunknown armed motorcyclists, when he reached histravel agency locatedon JinnahRoad, Quetta.

February 3: A shopkeeper, Iqbal Zadi, cameunder attack by unknown men on Zarghoon Road,Quetta when he was going his vehicle on his way tohome.

February 19: Cleric Muhammad IftekharHabibi, theNazim of Jamait ulmahe Pakistan NooraniGroup and the talk show host of PTV Bolan, was killedby unknown armedmen inQuetta.

March 1: Ghulam Sakhiand hissonAliAsgharwere shot and killed by unidentified men at ZarghooRoad,Quetta.

March 3: Five men, Haji Mukhtar, Liaqat Ali,Zahid Ali, Nassem Ali and Hayat Ullah, were killed byunknown armed men at the Eastern by pass nearTameer-e-NauUniversity,Quetta.

March 4: M. Ali and Ali Ahmed were shot andkilled by armed men on Arbab Karam Khan Road,Quetta.

June 23: Talib Agha, Union Nazim Halqa 15,along with his guards Jawad and Ali Ahmed, weregunned down by unknown armed men on FatimaJinnahRoad, Quetta.

August 21: Allama Maqsood Domki, thePresident Jafaria Alliance Balochistan, survivedattempt on his life as the attacker opened fire at himwhen hewaspassingthroughMekongiRoad, Quetta.

His gunman shot at the attacker who died onthespot.

September 8: A prominent trader, Ahmed AliHazara, was killed by unidentified armed men on SirkiRoad,Quetta.

October 2: Noted lawyer and PPP activist,Waliat Hussain Shah, was gunned down byunidentifiedarmedmenin Quetta.

October 14: Chief Inspector Mines ,MuhammadAshraf,was shot andkilled by unidentifiedarmedmen inQuetta.

October 15:Aslam Mirza, President JamhooriWatanParty (JWP), was shot andkilled by unidentifiedarmedmen inQuetta.

----------------------------------

Annexure I:

List of sectarian killings in 2009

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Total incidents of target killings 141;

Ordinary men injured 83; Ordinary men killed 118,Security personnel injured 7 and securitypersonnelkilled 158

Following incidents of target killing took placeduring2009.

January 5: A police constable Qadir Bakhshwas killed by unknown armed men in Mashaky GujarBazar in Awaran district. Constable Abul HakeemBalochistan Constabulary (BC) was gunned down thesame day.

January 7: Bismillah, a policeman, sustainedinjured as he was shot at by unidentified men in KilliShabo,Quetta.

January 21:AtiqAhmed,manager of a bank atUniversity Branch at Sariab Road, was gunned downby unidentifiedmen.

January 20: Four men in Kalat were shot andkilled by unidentified men.

January 24: Unidentified gun men shot andkilled Ayoub Marri and his gunman Haq Nawaz inQuetta.

January 25: The residents of Rahim Yar KhanShahzad 32 and Farooq 33 year were targeted byunidentified menonSariab Road.

February 3: Two men, Ibrahim and Toufiq,were killed inThump District KechTurbet by unknownarmed men.

February 4: Ten unidentified armed menraided a house in Dera Bughti during a weddingceremony and shot the people there indiscriminatelythus killing groom Mun Dost and bride Dura Kahatoonbesides Moulvi Gul Din, Kakar, Bahrram, Allah Dad,Miran Baksh, Ali Baig and Mir Ali while 17 othersincluding children andwomenwere injured.

February 4: Three labourers from Punjab,namely Muhammad Ajmal, Muhammad Shahbaz andHaji Farooq from Noshki, were gunned down byunknownarmed meninDistrictNoshki.

February 4: The resident of Bawalpur, HajiJameel, was shot and killed by armed men Mastung

while another settler Muhammad Rafiq was injured inKhuzdar.

February 9: A police man, Ehsan Ullah, waskilled in a firing incident in Eastern Bypass Quetta byunidentified gunmen.

February 14: A barber, Javaid, was shot andkilled onSalachiStreet,Quetta.

In another incident, at Mano Jan Road,Quetta, one Faisial and his two children, Tariq MengalandBashir Mengal, were woundedin thefiring.

February 23: Baloch intellectual Jan

MuhammadDashti and hisdriver MuhammadAli werewounded when they were shot at near Sariab inQuetta.

February 25: Four men, namely Gulab Shahand his three sons, Jalil Shah, Raheem Shah andMethab Shah, were shot at and killed at Burma HotelSariabRoad, Quetta byunidentified gunmen.

March21: A labourer, Mushataq, was killed byunidentified armed meninTurbat, Mand.

March 23: Unidentified attackers shot at anFWO vehicle killing Muhammad Bout and injuring

Junaid andNaseerAhmed.

March 31: Alam Zehri, Principal GovernmentDegree College, Kalat was shot dead by unknownarmedmen inKalat.

April 14:A policeconstable, Niaz Ahmed, waskilled in a firing incidentby unknown men near DegreeCollege, Quetta.

April 14: Hassan Javaid sustained injured asunidentified menshotathiminDistrictMastung.

April 16: A tailor, Imran along with otherShamraiz andAsim, shot and killed by armed men onDoubleRoad, Quetta.

April 21: Sadur Rehman was gunned down byarmed attackers onLinkRoad Quetta.

May 4: Policemen, Gul Khan and Shams,were shot and killed in Quetta.

May 29: Arshad Mehmood, Muhammad Asif,

Annexure II:

List of target Killings in 2009

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Zohaib and Abdul Khaliq Langove were killed while apasserby sustained injuries as unknown armed menshot atthemat Jial Road,Quetta.

June 1: A member of PML (N), Haji NaeemKashmiri, was gunneddownbyarmedmen at Jinnah

Road.June 6: Three police men, belonging to

Balochistan Constabulary, were killed by armed menin Quetta. June 7: Zulfiqar Ali, a security guard of CMhouse, was shot and killed in the premises of CMhouse.

June 10: A barber, Muhammad Ajmal, wasshot and killed by unknown armed men at SaraibRoad.

June 10: Khalid Mehmood, Vice PrincipalBalochistan Residential College (BRC), Khuzdar, wasgunned down by unknown armed men in District

Khuzdar.June 20: Zia ul Haq Qazi was gunned down

along withhis readerKhaliqDadby unidentified armedmen on Sairb Road Gird Station Tehsil Dasht, DistrictMastung.

June 23: Abdul Ghani was killed in a firingincident onJinnah road.

July 7: Javaid Lodhi, Principal GovernmentPilot Secondary School, was gunned down by armedmeninDistrict Mastung.

July23:HajiMuhammad Mohsin,headmasterof Govt. High School Sariab Mills, was killed by armedmen in the premise of the school located on SariabRoad,Quetta.

July 24: Professor Amanat Ali Baig, PrincipalGovt. Commerce College Quetta, was shot and killedonQuarry Road.

July 25 Professor Ghulam Sarwar, Head ofChemistry Department, was killed by unknown armedmen in the premises of his house located on SariabRoad,Quetta.

July 25: Two young men, namely Zafar andKhalid, were killed by unidentified armed men inMuslimTown,Quetta.

July 26: Tahir Memon, manager Pepsi Cola,was killed along with his other two collogues, Ali andHameed, by unidentified armed men on Eastern bypass Quetta.

July 27: Laborers, namely Sikander, Abdul

Rauf, andFaqir Hussain, sustainedinjuries when shotatbyunidentifiedarmedmenon JointRoad,Quetta.

Aug 26: Unidentified armed men shot at fourChristian men, namely Naveed, Shahzad, Asif ChandandJoseph leavingthemkilledwhile Omar sustained

wounds at a laboratory located on JinnahRoad,Quetta.

August 31: Muhammad Rafiq and Saleemwere killed by unidentified men on Spiny Road,Quetta.

October 24: Balochistan Minister forEducation, Shafiq Ahmed Khan, was assassinated byunidentified gun mennear his residence located onAliBahduar Road, Quetta.

Nov 25 Norez Ahmed, vice PresidentBalochistan National Party (BNP), was gunned down

by armed meninUstaMuhammad, Distrct Jaffarabad.

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Annexure III

The HRCP list of missing people in Balochistan (updated on 9 January 2010)

Sr.No Name of MissingPerson Parentage Date ofMissing Address District Remarks1 Abdul Hai Bangalzai Abdul Wahab

Bangalzai29-Aug-2009 Not available Missing

2 Abdul HameedBaloch

Ghulam Shad 14-Mar-2007 Village Dazan, P.O. Mand,Tehsil Tump District Kech

Kech Missing

3 Abdul Qadir Langove 08-Sep-2009 Missing

4 Abdul Raheem 26-12-2006 Gadani Missing

5 Abdul Rasool Marri Samail Khan 01-Feb-2008 Arbab Karam Khan Road,Al-Mashriq Street, Quetta,Balochistan

Quetta Missing

6 Abdul Whaid Baloch Haji Aali 14-Mar-2007 Village Dazan, P.O. Mand,Tehsil Tump District Kech

Kech Missing

7 Alam Pirkani 24-Sep-2000 Missing.8 Ali Ahmed Baloch 02-May-2009 Missing

9 Ali Asghar Bangulzai 18-Oct-2002 Missing

10 Ali Muhammad 21-Feb-2005 Missing

11 Aman Ullah 30-Oct-2006 Karak Traced person

12 Attaullah Baloch 27-Mar-2009 Missing

13 Aziz Ullah (Late) WaderaShah Nawaz Marri

25-Sep-2006 Quetta Traced Person

14 Bakhtiar Bangalzai 03-Mar-2009 Missing

15 Beurg Marri 05-Jun-2006 Quetta Missing

16 Chakar Khan Marri Jamil Ahmed 03-Sep-2009 Missing

17 Daad Rehman 26-Dec-2006 Gadani Missing

18 Debarg 15-Feb-2007 Traced Person

19 Din Muhammad 26-Dec-2006 Gadani Missing

20 Dr. Muhammad HanifBugti

13-Nov-2005 Quetta Traced Person

21 Faiz Muhammad 15-Mar-2007 Traced Person

22 Fazal Baloch Dur Muhammad 14-Mar-2007 Village Dazan, P.O. Mand,Tehsil Tump District Kech

Kech Missing

23 Fazal Karim Sher Muhammad 01-Jul-2009 Quetta Missing

24 Fazal Karim Baloch 14-Mar-2007 Village Dazan, P.O. Mand,Tehsil Tump District Kech

Kech Missing

25 Fazaluddin 27-Sep-2009 Mastung Missing.

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26 Ghulam Muhammad 08-Dec-2005 Traced Person(killed on 08-4-2009)

27 Ghulam MuhammadBaloch

Muhammad AyyabBaloch

03-Dec-2006 Village Soro P.O Mund,Tehsil Mund, District Kech,Balochistan

Karachi Traced Person

28 Gohram Saleh Saleh Muhammad 08-Aug-2004 Javed Bharia HousingSociety, St # 15, House #49, Nawal Colony MaariPur Road, Karachi.

Gwadar Traced Person

29 Gul Muhammad Haji Parthwani 18-Nov-2005 Sibi Traced Person

30 Gul Muhammad 15-Feb-2007 Tehsil Tump, VillageMalant, District Kech

Kech Missing

31 Habib Ullah WaderaShahnawaz Marri

25-Sep-2006 Kohlu Traced Person

32 Hafiz Saeed-ur-Rehman

Allah BukhshMangalzai

04-07-2003 Saryab road Barma Hotel,Killi Garibabad, FarooqTee Store Quetta

Quetta Traced Person

33 Haji Farooq Marri 05-Jun-2006 Quetta Missing

34 Hashim Pirkani 21-Sep-2000 Missing

35 Hassan Bugti Haji Abdul Wahid 10-Jun-2005 Traced Person

36 HidayatullahBangalzai

Muhammad Akbar 03-Sep-2009 Missing

37 Ibrahim Khalil Marii Ahmed Khan 09-Mar-2006 Kohlu Traced Person

38 Imran Baloch 02-May-2009 Missing

39 Jaffar Khan Marri Ali Jan 05-Jun-2006 Quetta Missing

40 Jalal Khan Marri 21-Feb-2005 Traced Person

41 Jalil Raki Baloch Abdul Qadeer 06-Feb-2009 Missing

42 Jasim Baloch Saleh Muhammad 14-Mar-2007 Village Dazan, P.O. Mand,Tehsil Tump District Kech

Kech Missing

43 Kabeer Ahmed Ghous Bux 27-3-2009 Khuzdar Missing

44 Kaka Marri Pehlwan Marri 21-Oct-2006 Missing

45 Karim BukhshMengal

26-Dec-2006 Gadani Traced Person

46 Khai Jan Marri Baz Muhammad 4-Jul-2007 Quetta Missing

47 Khalil AhmedLangove

09-Oct-2006 Quetta Missing

48 Khuda Dad 26-Dec-2006 Gadani Missing

49 Khuda-e-RahimBaloch

Hassan Baksh 03-Aug-2007 Village Puggi, DakhanaJungle, Tehsil Baysima,district Washuk

Washuk Missing

50 Mir Chakar KhanMarri

Mir Taj MuhammadMurri

05-Jun-2006 Mir Taj Muhammad, POKohlu, Tehsil & DistrictK

pushed to the wall

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