Putting RDA: Resource Description and Access into context

1. FRBR: Functional requirements for bibliographic records

Alan Danskin

Data Quality & Authority Control Manager

CA&D

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Terminology

IME – ICC International Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code Reviewing and updating the Paris Principles

FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records IFLA working group recommended conceptual model (1997)

FRAD - Functional Requirements for Authority Data IFLA working group report to be published 2008

FRSAR Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records (in

progress)

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Introduction

RDA will replace AACR2 from 2009

RDA is based on the FRBR and FRAD Models

A model is a way of looking at problems in the real world and Identifying and defining the things that are important (entities) Identifying and defining the significant relationships between these

entities Identifying and defining the attributes that characterise the entities

A conceptual model helps to develop understanding of the real world

A model can be implemented in different ways.

Consistency with a model facilitates interoperability between implementations

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“The highest principle for the construction of cataloguing codes should be the convenience of the users of the catalogue.”

Guiding principle for the International Cataloguing Code being developed by IFLA

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Resource Discovery Technology

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Guard books

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Card Catalogue

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Proliferation of carriers

XML

TIFF

MPEG.wav

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Limitations of the OPAC

“Flat” data structure

Restrictive

Inflexible display

Metadata underexploited

Changing user perspectives

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Well, for goodness sake…!

The UKMARC Manual: Reference From a Personal Name... Tolkien, JRR (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. Lord of the rings. 2 The twotowers See Tolkien, JRR (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973. ...

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Title   The best of ’Private Eye’. 1976: Lord Gnome of the Rings. Publisher/year   London : Private Eye Productions : Deutsch, 1976. Physical descr.   [95]p. : ill., 1port. ; 22cm.

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Spin-offs from the films

Books about LotR / Critical studies

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More critical works, spin-offs, etc.

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At last!

Hungarian translation

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Score for a musical

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9,410,000 HITS!

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What is FRBR?

IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

User tasks Find; Identify; Select; Obtain

Conceptual model Entities, Relationships, Attributes

Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record

First part of a comprehensive conceptual model FRAD = Functional requirements for authority

data FRSAR = Functional requirements for subject

authority records FRBRoo = FRBR Object Oriented Model

a formal expression, developed with Museum community

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User tasks

To Find materials corresponding to stated search criteria (e.g. by an author, on a topic, etc.).

To Identify an item as being that sought or to distinguish between two items with the same title

To Select an item appropriate to the user’s needs (e.g. a specific edition, a version in a specific language, or format).

To Obtain the item (by purchase, request for loan, or access to an on-line resource.

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User tasks

To Find materials corresponding to stated search criteria (e.g. by an author, on a topic, etc.).

To Identify an item as being that sought or to distinguish between two items with the same title

To Select an item appropriate to the user’s needs (e.g. a specific edition, a version in a specific language, or format).

To Obtain the item (by purchase, request for loan, or access to an on-line resource.

To Relate one entity to another to enable navigation within the universe of entities

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FRBR vocabulary

That’s a good book… It’s just the right size to prop

up my desk

ITEM I must get it!

MANIFESTATION Has it been translated?

EXPRESSION Who wrote this book?

WORK

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Group 1 entities

The “idea” of The Lord of the Rings:e.g., the novel; the “movie”; the score.

The embodiment of The Lord of the Rings: e.g. CD audio book ISBN-13: 978-0007141326 ; or Audio Cassette  ISBN 0007127448

An exemplar of a manifestation of, “The Lord of the Rings”, e.g.: My copy!.

The realisation of The Lord of the Rings in one or more modes of expression: e.g. “English text”, “French translation”, “performance”, the director’s cut.

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

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Group 1 entities

Boris Godunov by Modeste Mussorgsky

a single 1998 Polygram release of a recording of the 2 versions by the conductor Valery Gergiev

the actual CDs held at the BnF with call number SDC 12 116200

the 1869 version, the 1872 version,recorded performances of each of these versions

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

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Group 1 Entities’ Attributes

Work ID Title Date etc.

Expression ID Title Form Date Language etc.

Manifestation ID Title Statement of responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher, date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.

Item ID Provenance Location etc.

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Group 2 and 3 Entities

Group 2

Person

Corporate Body

Family*

*Introduced by FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data)

Group 3**

Concept

Object

Place

Event

** Further development by FRSAR

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Relationships

Relationships are important

They support navigation and display

Relationships can exist between entities within a group

Relationships can exist between groups.

Relationships can exist between entities at the same level of at different levels.

There are different types of relationships

Hierarchies are an efficient way of recording information

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Expression

Manifestation

Item

Work

Physical -recording ofcontent

Intellectual/artistic content

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Group 1 Entities

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Group 1 entities

Work Work Work

Relationshipe.g. Bored of the rings  

Relationshipe.g. review

Relationshipe.g. translation

Expression Expression

whole/parte.g. Lotr / The two towers

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Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Relationships Group 1 & Group 2

many

Person

Corporate Body

is owned by

is produced by

is realized by

is created by

FRBR

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Lord of the rings

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Group 2 Entities

many

J.R.R Tolkien

Corporate Body

is owned by

is produced by

is realized by

is created by

FRBR

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Work

French Translation

Manifestation

Item

Group 2 Entities

many

Francis Ledoux

Corporate Body

is owned by

is produced by

is realized by

is created by

FRBR

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Work

Expression

Le seigneur des anneux

Item

Group 2 Entities

many

Person

Christian Bourgois

is owned by

is produced by

is realized by

is created by

FRBR

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Work

Expression

Manifestation

YA.1990.a.19270

Group 2 Entities

many

Personis owned by

is produced by

is realized by

is created by

FRBR

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DRAFT FRAD extension to FRBR

FRBREntities:PersonFamilyCorporate BodyWorkExpressionManifestationItemConceptObjectEventPlace

NameIdentifier

Access Point

Rules

Agency

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WorkGroup 3Subject of Works

many

has as subject

Expression

Manifestation

Item

Person

Corporate Body

Work

Concept

Object

Event

Place

has as subject

has as subject

FRBR

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Benefits of FRBR

More flexible display Stratification

Improved navigation Relationships

More efficient circulation Manifestation requesting

More efficient cataloguing Assembly of components

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Search key: title = “Lord of the rings”

The catalogue contains the following works with this title:

Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lord of the Rings. [Novel] – 56 editions

Clare, John. The Lord of the Rings. [Score] – 2 editions

Oliver, Stephen. The Lord of the Rings. [Score] – 1 edition

Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lord of the Rings. [Drawing] – 1 edition

Resources about “The Lord of the Rings” = 44

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You selected the novel: The Lord of the Rings / by J.R.R Tolkien

Request Lord of the Rings in English or select from the list below:

The work is also available in the following languages: Czech, [2] French, [5] German, [3] Italian, [1] Other, [3]

Title Edition Date CommentsThe Lord of the Rings. Part I. TheFellowship of the Ring

[2nd

] Unwin Books 1974

The Lord of the Rings. Part II. The twotowers

[2nd

] Unwin Books 1974

The Lord of the Rings. Part III. Thereturn of the King

[2nd

] Unwin Books 1974

The Lord of the Rings [2nd

] Folio Society 1977 Illustrated by Ingahild GrathmerThe Lord of the Rings 3rd Unwin Paperbacks 1983The Lord of the Rings Harper Collins 1992 Illustrated by Alan LeeMore

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You selected the novel: The Lord of the Rings / by J.R.R Tolkien translated into Czech

Title: Pan prstenuPublication details: [Praha]. [s.n.]. [198-?]Description: 3. v.. mapShelfmark: Cup.410.bb.101Notes: Typescript (carbon copy)Notes: Samizdat publicationSubject: Fict ion in English,. 1900-1945 ― Translations

Title: Pan prstenu. [prelozila stanislava Posustova]Publication details: Praha. Mlada fronta. 1990-1992Joint author/editor: Posustova, StanislavaSeries: Trinact. sv. 190, 195, 197 Description: 3. v.ISBN: 8020401946ISBN: 8020402594ISBN: 8020401059Shelfmark: YA.1995.a.25577Notes: Contents: sv. 1. Spolec? enstvo Prstenu - sv. 2. Dve? ve? z? e - sv. 3. Na´ vrat kra´ leSubject: Fict ion in English,. 1945- ― Translations

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FRBR and RDA

RDA is based on the FRBR model

RDA vocabulary is influenced by FRBR

It is difficult to imagine that FRBR can be realised without RDA

FRBR cannot be realised through RDA alone

In the next session we will look more closely at:

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Monograph Cataloguers Music Cataloguers

BRILLIANT! TOO POWERFUL! TOO NEW!…

… what exactly is an expression? how can one catalogue it?

…

SO WHAT? … NOTHING TO GET EXCITED

ABOUT

… we’ve been doing all this for some time

now…

Conclusions of the 2001Report of the JSC Format Variation Working Group

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New Books

Taylor, Arlene (ed.).

Understanding FRBR: What It Is and How It Will Affect Our Retrieval Tools. Libraries Unlimited, 2007.

ISBN13: 9781591585091 ISBN10: 1591585090

Robert Maxwell

FRBR: A Guide for the Perplexed (Paperback)American Library Association. © 2008

ISBN-13: 978-0-8389-0950-8 ISBN-10: 0-8389-0950-7

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References

IME ICC http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/index.htm#IME-ICC

FRBR Review Group http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/wgfrbr/

FRBR Report http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf

FRAD http://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm

FRSAR http://www.ifla.org/VII/s29/wgfrsar.htm

What is FRBR? A conceptual model for the bibliographic universe. / Barbara Tillett. 2003.

http://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF