pvc membrane roofing

8/12/2019 Pvc Membrane Roofing

1/20

[Type the document title]

[Type text] Page 1

Abstract:

Construction industry in India has been at its all time high growth rate for past

couple of years. The growth is in all walks of construction world, be it infrastructure,industrial or residential This exponential growth has also thrown a few challenges at the

construction professionals all across India which has motivated them to look at newer

approaches to tackle such challenges.

Waterproofing (including roofing) has seen two distinct changes it approaches in the

recent times:

New technologies (Design driven)

New concepts (Construction driven)Introduction of synthetic membrane roofing systems in India is one such step forward

towards this new approach in terms of technology and concept with a high end, state of the art

technology like PVC membrane based waterproofing and roofing systems, there can be

sefious value additions where conventional systems found to be less equipped to handle the

higher demands like in the following typical applications;

case of re roofing of old bituminous and tiled roofs, metal deck applications, roof gardens.

This means that this state of the art technology /IOW provides the construction world with a

solution which has evolved by taking care of such requirements and hence can be looked at

as an option when conventional treatments give lesser performance.

INTRODUCTION:

Construction industry in India has been V its VI time high growth rate for past

couple of years . The growth is in all walks of construction world, be it infrastructure,

industrial or residential. This exponential growth has also thrown a few challenges at theconstruction professionals all across India which has motivated them to look V newer

approaches to tackle such challenges.

In this paper, an effort has been put together to share such developments and to discuss

on the new approaches in waterproofing with a special emphasis on the state & the

technology of synthetic membrane (PVC) roofing systems.


2/20


[Type text] Page 2

Introduction to PVC based roofing systems :

Background :

The history of roofing market in India is pre dominantly ruled by brick bat coba and

bituminous coatings and membranes. There is also a shift towards spray applied liquid

membranes like acrylics, urethanes and polyurea. However, the challenge with new

structures and state of the art designs with higher exposure to atmosphere, has shown

up the constraints and limitations specially related to such conventional system which

need to be dependent on the substrate bonding for the long term performance.

PVC: A history of performance

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) roof membranes have the longest track record of any

thermoplastic membrane, with the first PVC-based systems installed in Europe in the

early 1960s. The use of PVC roofs continues to grow in the recent years all across the

globe. According to RSI's 2001 State of the Industry Report, more than 20, of the

average roofing contactor's volume was PVC, particularly for exposed membrane

application. Reinforced PVC roof membranes have many important attributes that

complement their proven track record and have spurred additional growth. Besides the

important feature of heat -welded seam technology, PVC or vinyl roof membranes offermany other inherent features.

These additional features include a comprehensive history of product testing,

an ability to be made in a spectrurn of colors including reflective white, a high

resistance to puncture and impact,an excellent resistance to flame exposure and

subsequent fire propagation, proven durability against rooftop soiling and

contamination, and good low-temperature flexibility and high-temperature

tolerance.PVC roof membranes are very user friendly and are installed by a variety of

attachment methods. Vinyl roof membranes are aesthetically appealing and they

provide excellent visual feedback of workmanship for the applicator during and after

installation.

Specifically, vinyl is "polyvinyl chloride." PVC is a molecule comprised of carbon,

hydrogen and chlorine (taken from salt). As mentioned above, today's reinforced vinyl

membranes have a long history of installations worldwide; many that were installed ove r


3/20


[Type text] Page 3

20 years ago are still performing today. Vinyl membranes for roof applications were

first developed in Germany and Switzerland in the 1960s and arrived in North America

in the 1970s. The use of vinyl membranes in low-slope roofing has grown significantly

and rapidly in North America ever since then. Vinyl membranes were the first single plyroof products to obtain a standard designation, D4434, from the American Society for

Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM D 4434 was published in 1985 and has been

updated several times since then.

Polyvinyl chloride

Roofing Sheets:

PVC Roof Panel PVC Roofing Tile

Molecular formula (C 2H3Cl) n[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-2http://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/vqRJyZmYrwcb/China-PVC-Roofing-DFC03-.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/rbXQBICEbeca/China-PVC-Roof-Panel-sk-30-.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polyvinylchlorid.svghttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/vqRJyZmYrwcb/China-PVC-Roofing-DFC03-.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/rbXQBICEbeca/China-PVC-Roof-Panel-sk-30-.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polyvinylchlorid.svghttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/vqRJyZmYrwcb/China-PVC-Roofing-DFC03-.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/rbXQBICEbeca/China-PVC-Roof-Panel-sk-30-.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polyvinylchlorid.svghttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/vqRJyZmYrwcb/China-PVC-Roofing-DFC03-.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/rbXQBICEbeca/China-PVC-Roof-Panel-sk-30-.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polyvinylchlorid.svg


4/20


[Type text] Page 4

PVC Roof Tiles Corrugated PVC Roofing Tiles Corrugated Plastic PVC

Roofing Sheets

Basics of PVC chemistry:

PVC has been industrially produced for over 60 years. It is one of the best -known

innovative synthetic polymers, with a consumption of over 30 million tons a year.

Worldwide, PVC is number three, behind polypropylene and polyethylene.ln spite of

continuously stronger competition by other materials, PVC accounts for about 16.5, of the

worldwide plastics production. PVC has always kept pace with increasing demands

ecological, technological, and economic and it stil l has potential, so PVC applications

will continue to develop in the future. Taking the lead are the rapidly developing Asian

countries with double-digit growth rates.

PVC is one of the best-researched of materials. The risks associated withmanufacturing, use and disposal are largely known and will continue lobs minimized.

The versatility of vinyl affords the membrane manufacturer many options when

formulating for enhanced chemical resistance, flexibility and/or tensile strength. Vinyl

roof membranes have great versatility of application. Vinyl roof membranes are usually

mechanically-attached, adhered to the insulation or other substrate or held in place with

stone or concrete as ballast. Some vinyl roof membranes are also offered in large

prefabricated panels intended to reduce rooftop installation time. In addition, vinylmembrane can be readily produced with "fleece cushion" backing (typically polyester)

that enables ills be installed over slightly rough surfaces and/or to be adhered with a

variety of adhesives.

In order to complement this versatility of application, vinyl roof membranes can be

manufactured in a variety of colors. This feature allows for the application of rooftop

logos or multiple-color roofs. The look of steep slope metal can also be simulated with a

colored vinyl membrane.

Under a new program, many vinyl membranes have the well-known Energy Star
http://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/oqpEbskuSwWO/China-Corrugated-Plastic-PVC-Roofing-Sheets.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/ZeRnbyhoQOcq/China-Corrugated-PVC-Roofing-Tiles-DFC06-.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/VMUEvPejkwco/China-PVC-Roof-Tiles.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/oqpEbskuSwWO/China-Corrugated-Plastic-PVC-Roofing-Sheets.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/ZeRnbyhoQOcq/China-Corrugated-PVC-Roofing-Tiles-DFC06-.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/VMUEvPejkwco/China-PVC-Roof-Tiles.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/oqpEbskuSwWO/China-Corrugated-Plastic-PVC-Roofing-Sheets.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/ZeRnbyhoQOcq/China-Corrugated-PVC-Roofing-Tiles-DFC06-.htmlhttp://hnwangcheng.en.made-in-china.com/product/VMUEvPejkwco/China-PVC-Roof-Tiles.html


5/20


[Type text] Page 5

label from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the

Department of Energy (DOE). This label assures the building owner that their roof

membrane meets the energy saving specification of the EPA and DOE.

Another significant benefit of vinyl roof membranes is their fire resistance. Vinylmembranes are inherently self-extinguishing which enables them to perform

exceptionally well in fire tests undertaken at organizations such as Underwriters

Laboratories and Factory Mutual, etc. and to perform reliably in real-world flame

exposure. In addition to fire resistance, vinyl membranes also meet or exceed other

industry performance standards that involve water leakage, puncture resistance, hail

resistance, wind-uplift resistance and soot.

Vinyl roof membranes also stand up exceptionally well to ponded rainwater, which

often remains despite efforts for positive drainage, and to a variety of typical rooftop

contaminants, such as air pollution, bird droppings, acid rain., etc. over a long period of

time, vinyl roof membranes have earned the recognition of being a proven and

versatile thermoplastic for rooftop applications.

Manufacturing:

Vinyl roof membranes are manufactured by various methods, including extrusion,

calendering, laminating, extrusion coating, spread coating or a combination of the above.

In all cases, however, the fshed vinyl roof membrane contains polyester or fiber glass

reinforcement, vinyl resins, ultraviolet light inhibitors, heat-stabilizers, biocides,

pigments and plasticizers. Polyester reinforcement imparts high tearing and breaking

strengths needed for mechanically-fastened roofing systems.

Base materials for the production of PVC are petroleum and rock salt. As an

intermediate product, naphtha is produced from petroleum, and from this ethylene is

produced by thermal decomposition. Chlorine is electrochemically (alkali-chlorine

electrolysis) produced from rock salt. Vinyl chloride (VC) is produced from ethylene

and chlorine at the proportion of 43% to 57%. A new process for manufacturing VC

from ethane is now being tested at the pilot scale.

VC is the monomer building block for manufacturing PVC (polyvinyl chloride). PVC

is industrially manufactured by polymerising VC through three different processes:

Emulsion polymerisation E-PVC


6/20


[Type text] Page 6

Suspension S-PVC

Mass polymerisation M-PVC

These standard manufacturing processes for PVC influence chiefly the

appearance properties such as grain size, grain shape, and grain porosity, which isdecisive for the absorption of plasticizers. The chemical nature of certain additives such

as plasticizers, stabilisers, lubricants, fillers, pigments, expanding agents, antistatic

agents, flame protection additives, UV-stabilizers, and others permanently affect the

properties of the end product.

PROPERTIES OF PVC MEMBRANE ROOFING: LOW TEMPERATURE FLEXIBILITY

DURABLE MATERIAL HIGH RESISTANCE TO PUNCTURE AND IMPACT. LOW MAINTENANCE LOW EMBODIED ENERGY RECYCLABLE MATERIAL AVOIDS VOCS(VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Membrane roofing


7/20


[Type text] Page 7

Physical properties:

PVC is a thermoplastic polymer. Its properties for PVC are usually categorized based on rigidand flexible PVCs.

PropertyRigid

PVC

Flexible

PVC

Density [g/cm 3]1.3

1.451.1 1.35

Thermal conductivity [W/(m K )

0.14

0.28 0.14 0.17

Yield strength [psi]4500 -

8700

1450 -

3600

Young's modulus [psi]490,00014]

Flexural strength (yield) [psi]10,500 [1

4]

Compression strength [psi] 9500

Coefficient of thermal expansion (linear) [mm/(mm C)]510

4]

Vicat B [C] 65 100

Not

recommen

ded

Resistivity [ m] 1016

1012

1015
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Densityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-titow857-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_strengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conductivityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density


8/20


[Type text] Page 8

Mechanical properties:

Elongation at break 20 40%

Notch test 2 5 kJ/mGlass temperature 82 C

Melting point 100 260

Effective heat of combustion 17.95 MJ/k

Specific heat (c) 0.9 kJ/(kg

Water absorption (ASTM) 0.04 0.4

Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 40 MV/m

Mechanical properties:

PVC has high hardness and mechanical propertie. The mechanical properties enhance

with the molecular weight increasing, but decrease with the temperature increasing. The

mechanical properties of rigid PVC (uPVC) is very good, the elastic modulus can reach to

1500-3,000 MPa. The soft PVC (Flexible PVC) elastic is 1.5-15 MPa. However, elongationat break is up to 200% -450%. PVC friction is ordinary, the static friction factor is 0.4-0.5,

the dynamic friction factor is 0.23.

Thermal properties:

The heat stability of PVC is very poor, when the temperature reaches 140 C PVC

starts to decompose. Its melting temperature is 160 C. The linear expansion coefficient of

the PVC is small and has flame retardancy, the oxidation index is up to 45 or more.

Therefore, the addition of a heat stabilizer during the process is necessary in order to ensurethe product's properties.

Electrical properties

PVC is a polymer with good insulation properties but because of its higher polar

nature the electrical insulating property is inferior to non polar polymers such as polyethylene

and polypropylene

As the dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent value and volume resistivity are

high, the corona resistance is not very good, it is generally suitable for medium or lowvoltage and low frequency insulation materials.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilojoulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilojoulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilojoulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%B0Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%B0Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%B0Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-pvc_handbook-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_per_kilogram-kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_per_kilogram-kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_per_kilogram-kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_per_kilogram-kelvinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#cite_note-pvc_handbook-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%B0Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%B0Chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition_temperaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilojoule


9/20


[Type text] Page 9

PVC's relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have

resulted in it being used for a wide variety of applications. It is used for sewerage pipes and

other pipe applications where cost or vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal . With

the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, it has become a popular material for window and door frames. By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible enough to be used in cabling

applications as a wire insulator. It has been used in many other applications . PVC demand is

likely to increase at an average annual rate of 3.9% over the next years [18]

Advantages of PVC Roofing Membrane:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#Other_applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#Other_applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#Other_applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride#Other_applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewer


10/20


[Type text] Page 10

Aesthetics: A palette of colours provide you with attractive choices!

Durable: Four layers of protective coating ensure high durability.

High Tensile Strength: The double-ribbed profile accords it 550 mpa strength, which

allows higher spacing of purlins of save streel. Corrosion Resistant: Primer coating on the top offers better resistance to corrosion.

Leak Proof: The Anti-Capillary Groove and Return Lap makes the sheets leak proof.

High Load Bearing: Two stiffening ribs between the pitch allow better load bearing &

section properties.

Lightweight: Lighter sheets give you design flexibility with quick installation!

Weather Resistant: Equipped for diverse environments & weather conditions.

Less Heat Transfer: High reflective value coating help you save energy & money!

Vapor permeable

Dimensionally stable

Highly flexible

High mechanical strength

Weather and UV resistant

Available in 7 standard colors as well as custom colors

White, Tan and Light Gray available in 10 ft rolls

All other colors available in 6.5 ft rolls

Strength and Flexibility:

PVC roofs offer exceptional breaking strength of at least 350 lbs/in. Hot-air welded

seams make the membrane both strong and flexible, allowing to remain impervious to water

leaks throughout its service life. To ensure the highest level of durability and strength, it is

critical to purchase a PVC roofing membrane from an established PVC manufacturer,

to ensure superior performance and longevity of their PVC roofing membranes. For example,

IB uses an additional layer of acrylic coating to make their PVC roofing membrane more

reflective and resistant to dust and dirt.

UV RESISTANCE:

Cefil membranes are integrated with UV resistors at source during the manufacturing

process. Exposed membranes therefore provide superior UV degradation resistance.


11/20


[Type text] Page 11

WATERTIGHT :

Cefil membranes, when correctly heat welded, homogenise together to become one at

molecular level. Therefore the join is at least as strong as the membrane itself with no weak points. The membrane has been rigorously tested for moisture resistance, behaviour under

hydrostatic pressure and impact strength, and classed as leakproof. Under the European

standard peel test, the Cefil membrane broke outside of the seam without any sign of weld

failure. Vinyl roofing membranes have been used successfully in waterproofing applications

for more than 30 years. They are manufactured to remain watertight in extreme conditions,

including constant dampness, ponding water, high and low alkaline conditions and exposure

to plant roots, fungi and bacteria.

SUSTAINABILITY :

Cefil membranes have been rigorously tested by many European testing

establishments and have a proven successful history of providing long term waterproofing to

a variety of building designs. The product life expectancy is documented as 'in excess of 25

years' and laboratory accelerated weathering tests have shown this to be even greater. Cefil

materials are installed Worldwide in a variety of climatic extremes and show superior

performance and durability - a crucial element of environmental sustainability.

SUSTAINABILITY:

Roofs made of PVC contribute significantly to achieving two major objectives of

green building programs the reduction of both building cooling loads and the urban heat

island effect.


12/20


[Type text] Page 12

EXCEPTIONAL DURABILITY:

PVC roofs are highly durable and offer protection against harmful chemicals, water

leaks, UV rays, and fire. The membranes cool reflective properties make it resistant todamage and discoloration from the suns radiation. A PVC roof will not be harmed by

chemicals or grease and dirt, which are a common issue on manufacturing facilities and

restaurants. PVC roofs also offer great wind uplift resistance, which is particularly useful in

regions prone to strong winds such as along the coasts, or areas such as Chicago or the High

Plains.

DURABILITY:

Cool roofs made of PVC membranes can stand up to some of the toughest stresses

and have been proven to support and protect roofs throughout the

LONG SERVICE LIFE:

With a PVC roofing membrane you will enjoy many years of reliable service life. A

PVC roof will last between 20-30 years and will require virtually no maintenance, which will

allow you to have additional cost savings. By comparison EPDM rubber roofs last about 10

years, and it is hard to say for sure how long the newer TPO membranes will last, given that

its formulations keep on changing.

Energy-Efficiency:

ENERGY EFFICIENCY:

Installing a PVC roof will help you make your home or business more energy

efficient. A PVC roofing membrane is considered to be a cool roof, and has an Energy Star


13/20


[Type text] Page 13

Rating. This means that the roof reflects suns UV rays back into the atmosphere, keeping t he

inside of the building coolerEnvironmental Considerations

The reality is that in the current flat roofing market there is no truly 100% green option. This

means that the best thing for environmentally conscious consumers to do is to install a flatroofing system that is least harmful to the environment.

PVC is used in construction because it is more effective than traditional materials such as

copper, iron or wood in pipe and profile applications. It can be made softer and more flexible

by the addition of plasticizers , the most widely used being phthalates .

APPROVED INSTALLER NETWORK:

Contractors have to be trained and approved to install Cefil roof systems. Our policy

is to supply Licensed Contractors who have met specific standards and criteria. Our mission

for every project is to provide our clients with a list of registered contractors who have the

experience and knowledge to deliver a successful installation to compliment our high quality

materials. The Cefil Roof Assured warranties are only issued after a project has been

inspected and passed by one of our field technicians or an appointed agent.

GUARANTEE :

Extensive roof assured warranty schemes are available that a client can trust for up to

25 years. For most projects, these cover materials, workmanship, design, product liability and

consequential loss, complete with independent insurance backing.

QUALITY:

Cefil membranes are produced strictly in accordance with quality standards. The

thermoplast extrusion process is computerised to ensure consistent quality and all raw

materials randomly tested prior to integration and development.

SAFETY:

Cefil membranes are fast and easy to install and offer significant reductions in relation

to risk with many alternative roofing systems. To compliment the membrane, all

specifications are safety conscious with the integration of polyurethane glues (CFC & HCFC

free) and even self-adhesive vapour barriers to avoid the use of hot bitumen boilers. This

provides peace of mind to building owners and installers and achieved preferred system

status with some leading building insurance underwriters.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction


14/20


[Type text] Page 14

AESTHETICS

Cefil roofing membranes come in standard light grey and lead grey. However,

alternative colours are available in white, blue, green, beige and red. All colours are tested forcolourfastness under UV and sunlight accelerated procedures to ensure long term aesthetic

performance. Aesthetics

PVC membranes aesthetic qualities make them the choice for any roof design.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT:

Cefil UK can offer everything a specifier or building owner will need. From initial

advice and technical support to full roof surveys, detailed drawings, specifications, thermal,

acoustic and wind uplift calculations. Our team are available throughout the project to ensure

complete client satisfaction.

ELECTRIC CABLES:

PVC is commonly used as the insulation on electrical cables ; PVC used for this

purpose needs to be plasticized . In a fire , PVC-coated wires can form hydrogen chloride

fumes; the chlorine serves to scavenge free radicals and is the source of the material's fire

retardance . Poly(vinyl chloride) is formed in flat sheets in a variety of thicknesses and

colors. As flat sheets PVC is also used to produce thin, colored, or clear, adhesive - backed

films referred to simply as vinyl. Clothing and furniture PVC has become widely used inclothing, to either create a leather -like material or at times simply for the effect of PVC. PVC

clothing is common in Goth , Punk , clothing fetish and alternative fashions . PVC is cheaper

than rubber , leather, and latex which it is therefore used to simulate. PVC fabric has a sheen

to it and is waterproof so is used in coats, skiing equipment, shoes, jackets , aprons , and bags.

Healthcare

The two main application areas for single use medically approved PVC compounds

are flexible containers and tubing: containers used for blood and blood components for urine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_insulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_insulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_insulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVC_clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVC_clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVC_clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVC_clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_subculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_subculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_subculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing_fetishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing_fetishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing_fetishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fashionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fashionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fashionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_fashionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing_fetishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_subculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVC_clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVC_clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_retardanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticizerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_insulation


15/20


[Type text] Page 15

or for ostomy products and tubing used for blood taking and blood giving sets, catheters,

heart-lung bypass sets, haemodialysis set etc

BEHAVIOUR OF PVC DURING FIRE HAZARDSBurns slowly:

Vinyl roofing membranes are inherently fire resistant. Polyvinyl chloride (vinyl or PVC)

is a naturally fire resistant polymer a distinction between it and all other roofing plastics.

Vinyl roofing membranes contain additional fire retardants, making this cool roofing material

slow to catch or spread fire and self-extinguishing when the source of heat or flame is

removed.

Does not support combustion : membranes are fire resistant and self-extinguishing. In addition, they cannot be ignited by flying sparks. Cefil membranes

have passed some of the most stringent European regulations including BS476: part 3.

The use of Cefil membranes is therefore unrestricted under the current building

regulations. The vinyl polymers composition gives this material an inherent fire

resistance not found in alternative materials without additives. Vinyl roofing

membranes are difficult to ignite, burn very slowly and do not support combustion,

tending to self extinguish when the source of flame is removed.

LAYING OF ROOFING MEMBRANES: Depending on the application requirements, vinyl roofing membranes can be

installed on the roof deck or substrate in several ways:

mechanically attached with various fastening systems, loose laid in planted roofs or plaza decks, where the weight of the overburden

holds the membrane in place, or adhered with either solvent- or water-based adhesives, or self adhered

membranes.

The seams of vinyl roofing systems are welded together with hot air. These

seams form a permanent, watertight bond.

No solvent wiping or solvent-based adhesives are necessary for seaming as

with alternative roofing systems, nor are torches, open flames or kettles

required


16/20


[Type text] Page 16

Typical built up of PVC roofing installations:

Concrete flat roof with mechanically fastened system with XPS insulation:

Horizontal Lay-out

1R.C.C. Roof deck

2 Protective Screed

3 Geotextile (300 gm/m2)

4 Synthetic roofing membrane (PVC)

5 Fastener covered with PVC membrane

6 Hot air welding (Thermo fusion)


17/20


[Type text] Page 17

COOL ROOFING:

A portion of the sun's incident energy inevitably finds its way into the buildings on

which it falls. In the summertime, this unwanted heat energy causes discomfort and requires

the use of extra energy for air conditioning. Since the summertime sun rises high in the sky,

the sun's radiant energy falls mainly on the roof, with east and west walls of buildings also

receiving a significant share. (In the wintertime, the desirable solar flux falls mainly on the

south facade.) The purpose of this Cool Roofing Materials Database is to assist with the

selection of roofing materials which reflect, or otherwise reject, the sun's radiant energy,

before it penetrates into the interior of the building. When a roof can deliver high solar

reflectance and thermal emittance values, it is known as a cool roof . A vinyl roof can reflect

three- quarters of the suns rays usually far more and emit 70 or more percent of the solar

radiation absorbed by the building envelope.
http://www.vinylroofs.org/glossary/cool-roof.htmlhttp://www.vinylroofs.org/glossary/cool-roof.htmlhttp://www.vinylroofs.org/glossary/cool-roof.htmlhttp://www.vinylroofs.org/glossary/cool-roof.html


18/20


[Type text] Page 18

RECYCLING OF PVC: Vinyl can be reprocessed and recycled repeatedly. During manufacturing of

vinyl roofing, scraps are routinely recycled directly back into the process or

into accessory products such as roof walkway pads, making it a material-

efficient operation.

1. This can result in nearly zero waste from manufacturing.Because vinyl roofing

membranes have a long service life, many are not available for post-consumer

recycling


19/20


[Type text] Page 19

Conclusions:

Finally, it's important and crucial to realize that for the success with

waterproofing jobs, it's not just the technology which can only make it happen. Equally,

if not more, important are the construction practices to be adopted (including the designaspects) and the application at the job site.

Hence it is also a necessity that in any waterproofing project, there is an interaction and

team work amongst the technology supplier, the design and construction teams along

with the specialized contractors (applicators).

One of the very basic ways of creating such team work and having a common

understanding of the job at hand is to create a more detailed and informative Bill Of

Quantities (BOO) incorporating even the seemingly trivial issues like detailing andspecial applications.

A PVC roof is a single-ply membrane that is made of two components; ethylene and

chlorine. Etheline is obtained via processing of either petroleum or natural gas, while chlorine

is derived from salt. PVC material with a polyester reinforcement scrim in between. A roof

membrane is an additional layer of roofing that provides added protection, insulation, and

sound-deadening features. Applied over flat and shingled roofs, the roof membrane can be

made of three membrane roofing materials; thermo set, thermoplastic, or Modified Bitumen.

The top ply is manufactured with special additives to make the membrane resistant to UV

rays and to prevent curling. Plasticizers are added for greater flexibility and different pigmnts

are used to achieve various color options

Membrane roofing is manufactured in pieces of up to 50 feet long, meaning that many

roofs can be wrapped in a single piece for simple installation and minimal maintenance.

A roofing membrane that has been strengthened by adding polyester scrims or mats,

glass fibres or other material. vinyl, is one of the most common plastics in the world. The two

main reasons why PVC is in such wide use is because it is considerably cheaper and more

durable than other plastics. Essentially, PVC is made of two components; ethylene and

chlorine. Etheline is obtained via processing of either petroleum or natural gas, while chlorine

is derived from salt. In the manufacturing process, plasticizers, stabilizers and pigments can

be added to achieve flexibility, durability and various color options.

PVC roofing membranes are distinguished in quality by the hot-air welding of the

membranes seams. Hot -air welding (fusion welding) of seams, creates a permanent physical


20/20


[Type text] Page 20

bond between two separate sheets of PVC membrane, allowing to remain water-tight and

pliable for decade initial installation.

pvc membrane roofing

Documents