PYNB080101

Psychophysiology Study Topics for Written Tests

2016 spring semester

Part1 (due on 4 April):

Week 2. Biological rhythms. Electroencephalography (EEG). Psychophysiology of sleeping and wakefullness. Sleep

polygraphy.

Ch 14 in Study Guide: from Q. 8.1 to 11.4; Important terminology (pp. 297-299).

Week 3. Event related potentials

Important terminology in separate file: Terminology4CTB.

Week 4. Technology of non-invasive methods in the neurosciences (MEG, TMS, CT, PET, SPECT, MRI)

Important terminology: Terminology4CTB

Week 5. Cardiovascular psychophysiology.

Important terminology: Terminology4CTB

Week 6. Skin potentials and electrodermal activity (EDA). Electrogastrography (EGG).

Important terminology: Terminology4CTB

Part 2 (due on 6 May):

Week 7-8.Skeletomotor system. Respiratory System. Oculomotor System

Important terminology: Terminology4CTB

Week 9. Limbic system and emotions.

Ch 15 in StudyGuide:

1.2, 3.1-3.2, 4.1-4.2, 5.1-5.3, 6.5, 7.1-7.3, 9.1-9.4, 10.1-10.2, 11.1-11.6, 12.1-12.3, 14.1-14.3, 17.1-17.2,

Important terminology (pp. 319-320).

Week 10. Learning and memory . Simple learning paradigms. Cellular learning: the hippocampus and LTP. Associative

learning and learning programs. Learning and memory disorders.

Ch 17 in StudyGuide: 1.1-1.5, 5.1-5.3, 6.1-6.3, 10.1-10.4, 14.1-14.2, 15.1-15.3, 18.1-18.3, 23.1, 25.1-25.2, 29.1-29.3,

Important terminology (pp. 366-369).

Week 11. Function of the intrinsic neocortex. Human cognition.

Ch 19 in Study Guide: Important terminology (416-418).

Week 11. Psychophysiology in Psychopathology.

Ch 16 in Study Guide: Important terminology (341-344).

Readings:

C-T-B: Cacioppo, JT, Tassinary LG, Berntson, GG (2000). Handbook of Psychophysiology, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, UK.

R-B-W: Rosenzweig MR, Breedlove SM, Watson NV (2005). Biological Psychology, 4th Ed, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland,

MA, USA

StudyGuide: Rosenzweig MR, Leiman AL, Breedlove SM (1999). Study Guide to accompany Biological Psychology 2nd

edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, USA

PYNB080101

Psychophysiology, 2016 spring semester

Important terminology from text C-T-B

*Please define/explain each terminology listed below in a few sentences.

Technology of Electroencephalography (EEG) (C-T-B, 2000: Ch2. p27-; C-T-B, 2007: Ch3, p56-).

Physiological substrates:

thalamocortical rhythmicity (oscillations)

summated postsynaptic potentials

„open field” arrangement

unipolar/bipolar recording

EEG synchronisation (local and large scale)

perceptual binding phenomenon

event related EEG desynchronisation

descriptive characteristics of the EEG signal (normative EEG):

alpha/beta/theta/delta/gamma band activity

Recording and measurement:

international 10-20 system

electrode placements and position nomenclature: F, C, P, O

high density EEG electrode arrays

biological artefacts

non-biological artifacts

EEG spectral analysis (windowing, FFT)

Event related brain potentials (C-T-B 2000: Ch3. p53; C-T-B 2007: Ch4) evoked potentials

exogenous ~

endogenous ~

signal-to-noise ratio

peak measurement

ERP component quantification (principal components)

Psychological context of ERPs

movement related potentials (MP)

(lateralized) readiness potential (RP)

contingent negative variation (CNV)

error related negativity (ERN)

sensory components

early negativities

N100 component (attention related negativity)

middle latency components

mismatch negativity (MMN)

the N200s

late cognitive ERPs

P300 (or P3) component (context updating)

classic posterior P3 (task relevant odd ball induced P3, P3b)

frontal P3 (novelty induced P3, P3a)

language related components (N400)

late positive potentials (LPPs, see C-T-B, 2007 pg: 599)

Technology of and non-invasive methods in the neurosciences:

PET and MRI (C-T-B: Ch4. p85-119)

computerized tomography (CT)

positron emissionctomography (PET)

beta-particle (positron)

annihilation event

coincidence-detectors

radiotracer (tracer kinetic) method/models

regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism (rCBFM)

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

functional/ fast MRI (fMRI)

spin momentum

static magnetic field (1T, 3T)

precession

rotating magnetic field/magnetic (RF) pulse

T1 weighed MR signal (gradient echo)

T2 weighed MR signal (spin echo)

T2*(T2-star) weighed signal or

BOLD signal

subtraction paradigm

parametric paradigm planning

General linear model (GLM)

Cardiovascular psychophysiology (C-T-B: Ch9. p224-265) cardiac cycle

cardiac output

sinus rhythm/arrhythmias

electrocardiography: P-wave/QRS-complex/T-wave

heart rate (HR)/ heart rate variability (HRV)

cardiovascular reflexes (water balance~/baroreceptor~/brainstem ~/higher neural~)

auscultatory blood pressure measurement

Korotkoff sounds

systolic/diastolic blood pressure

plethysmography

hypertension

atherosclerosis

The Electrodermal System (Ch8. p200-223)

skin conductance/resistance

exosomatic/endosomatic method

sweat glands

apocrine

eccrine

sudomotor fibres

skin conductance

level (SCL)

response (SCR)

specific/non specific SCR (S-SCR/NS-SCR)

principal components of the EDA signal

latency

amplitude

rise time

half recovery time

Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT)

somatic marker hypothesis (Damasio)

individual differences in EDA

electrodermal stability/lability

hyporesponsiveness

hyperarousal

The Gastrointestinal System (Ch11, p294-315)

gastric anatomy (cardia, fundus, corpus, antrum, pylorus)

pacemaker area

receptive relaxation

peristalsis

interdigestive complex

gastric slow waves

gastric spike potentials

electrogastrographic (EGG) recording

normogastria

bradygastria

tachygastria

EGG spectral analysis

applied EGG

sham feeding

motion sickness

The Skeletomotor System (Ch 8, p163-199)

motor unit action potential (MUAP)

motor endplate

surface electromyogram

monopolar/bipolar method

EMG power spectrum

smoothed/integrated EMG signals

facial muscle EMG activity

social context of EMG

demand characteristics

evaluation apprehension

audience effects

mimicry

applied EMG

detection of deception

polysomnographyic ~

stress (headache) reduction

physical medication/ rehabilitation

Respiration (Ch11, p265-293)

airways (upper and lower)

pleura

diaphragm

intercostal muscles

pulmonary ventilation

alveolar/pleural pressure

respiratory pattern generator

DRG

VRG

pontine respiratory center

central chemoreceptors

peripheral chemoreceptors

peripheral baroreceptors

inflation reflex

inspiration

expiration

eupnea/dyspnea/apnea

hyperventilation (associated with stress)

hypoventilation

dyspnea

piezoelectric belt transducer

spirometry

respiratory frequency

tidal volume

vital capacity

respiratory changes under psychological influence

emotion

cognitive activity – asymmetric breathing

odor acquisition

speech ventilation

Pupillary System (C-T-B: Ch6. p142)

muscles of the iris

sphincter pupillae

dilator pupillae

pupillary unrest

pupillary light reflex

accommodation response

pupillometric analysis

cognitive pupillometry

task-evoked pupillary responses (TEPRs)

perception

memory

responding

probability attention

Oculomotor system

extraocular muscles

intraocular muscles (see earlier at ‘iris muscles’)

eye movements

tremor

saccadic,

slow drift

slow pursuit

reflexive (VOR)

electrooculography (EOG)

eye tracking system

Reading: C-T-B: Cacioppo, JT, Tassinary LG, Berntson, GG (2000, or later editions). Handbook of

Psychophysiology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Alternative (good) source of material:

http://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/jjbareprints/psyc501a/readings/readinglist.htm

*Example answers:

Spirometry:

is the most widely used technique for evaluating respiratory activity and can be accomplished with a variety of devices.

Subjects use a mouthpiece and nose clip, the air they exhale now flows through a tube and fills a bellows or activates a small

turbine or pressure transducer attached to a screen. In fact, portable devices now make it possible to collect data with a

handheld computer and lightweight spirometry tube that produce data that are comparable to laboratory spirometers (Mortimer

et al., 2003). Spirometry tends to concentrate on one phase of the breathing cycle at a time and provides the experimenter

with a volume X time plot of the inhalation or, more commonly, the exhalation. Almost all specific respiratory

measurements are conducted using spirometery (see Table 10.1).

Vital capacity:

(VC) is the volume of a full expiration after full inspiration. This metric depends upon size of the lungs, elasticity, integrity of

the airways, and other parameters therefore it is highly variable between subjects. Values may range from 2 litres to 7 litres for

adults.

Smoothed/integrated EMG signal:

The two most common signal conditioning techniques are integration and smoothing, terms that are often confused. True

integration is the temporal summation or accumulation of EMG activity, whereas smoothing typically refers to performing

integration with a built-in signal decay and is accomplished either by low-pass filtering or some type of signal averaging.

Because the total energy in the EMG signal in any epoch of time is roughly equivalent to the rectified and smoothed EMG

response, considerable economy in terms of data acquisition and signal processing can be achieved by rectification and

smoothing prior to digitization when frequency components of the raw signal are not of interest.

~ represents overall muscular contraction more accurately

than the number or average amplitude of peaks in

the EMG signal

Thalamocortical rhythmicity (oscillations):

Interactions between thalamic and cortical networks are assumed to play a key role in various rhythmical EEG activities.

Neurophysiological evidence has shown that several thalamic, thalamocortical, and cortical neurons display intrinsic

oscillatory patterns, which in turn generate rhythmic EEG oscillations. These oscillations appear to be dependent on

interactions between the cortex and the thalamus, which both produce intrinsically rhythmical activities. Whereas the thalamus

has been critically implicated in the pacing of such rhythmical activities, the cortex provides the coherent output in response to

thalamic input and generates the vast majority of oscillations (delta, theta, alpha, beta band) that can be recorded at the scalp

(see also C-T-B, 2007ed, pg 58).