quÁ trÌnh sẢn xuẤt ĐỒ hỘp thỊt
TRANSCRIPT
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QU TRNH SN XUT HPTHT
1. C s chung
1.1. Nguyn liu
- Nguyn liu : tht ( tht heo,gan heo,thtgia cm,tht b)
- Yu cu : Tht c cht lng, khng b
bnh.
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1.2. Cc yu t nh hng n chtlng sn phm
a) nh hng ca protein nguyn liu
- S hnh thnh nh tng c lin quan n tnhtan ca protein. Nng protein v s tothnh nh tng c mi quan h vi nhau.Chng s gia tng cng vi s gia tng nng protein mc gii hn.
- nh tng c hnh thnh, tc nhn hotng b mt l protein s ho tan trong mitrng phn tn.
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b) nh hng ca ph gia
* Tinh bt
Tinh bt b sung vo hn hp nh tng nhmmc ch:
H gi thnh sn phm
Hp th mt lng nc Di tc dng ca nhit to ra dng gel gia
tng kh nng kt dnh, ngn chn hin tng
ng ti m.
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- Tinh bt c kh nng to gel do s tothnh v sp xp li cc phn t tinh bt
to thnh cu trc mng 3 chiu do cclin kt hydro gia cc mchpolyglucoside hay gin tip qua cu phn
t nc. Tinh bt cng c kh nng ngto gel vi protein nh vo lin kt hydrov lc Van Der Waals. Trong trng hpny c protein v tinh bt u sp xp liphn t to gel.
- Vic s dng tinh bt vo sn phm l cgii hn, nu qu nhiu chng s to mi
cho sn phm, lm gim cht lng.
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* Mui NaCl
Mui c b sung vo c tc dng:
To v cho sn phm Km hm s pht trin ca vi sinh vt
C kh nng to p sut thm thu, lm
gim aw do ngn cn s pht trin cavi sinh vt
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* Cc phosphate- Vai tr ca phosphate khi p mui : lm gia
tng kh nng lin kt ca nc vi protein cam c, t lm gia tng nng sut ca sn
phm sau cng, tng cht lng ca sn phm.Hot ng ca phosphate trong vic ci thin sgi nc biu th 3 mt:
Nng pH Hnh thnh lin kt vi ion Ca2+ v Mg2+
Gy ra s dui protein ca c, to cc v tr ckh nng lin kt m tt hn.
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* Nitrit
- Mc ch : to mu cho sn phm, ngncn s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
- Nu s dng vi lng d s to hp chtgy c cho c th (Nitrosamin l chtdn n ung th), v n kt hp vi
Hemoglobin trong c th to thnhMethemoglobin, ngn cn s hp th oxygy nn hin tng thiu mu no.
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* Natri ascorbate
- Lng ascorbate hot ng ging nh mtcht chng oxy ho. Lm gim c tnhca Nitrit.
* ng
-ng lm du mm sn phm, tr gipqu trnh gi mu ca tht do ng ctnh kh, s kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+
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*Tc dng ca nc
- Nc b sung vo trong hn hp thtxay nhm h nhit ca khi tht xungdi 10oC gi cu trc dai, chc ca khinguyn liu.
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2. Gii thiu qui trnh ch bin pategan
2.1 Nguyn liu
-Tht
- Nguyn liu tht dng trong ch bin phim bo yu cu cht lng, khng dngtht b bnh. Trong sn xut sn phm hp tht thng dng tht heo.
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- Gan
- Gan l b phn quan trng nht trong schuyn ha vt cht ca hot ng sng,chim1,5% khi lng V. Pha ngoi ca gan cbao bc bng mt lp mng cng. Gan hn hn
cc sn phm ph khc v hm lng m.- Thnh phn ca gan : globulin, albumin,
glucoproteid, ferritin, ferrin. Lipit ca gan chatriglyceride, phosphatit, urkhi lng
glycogen t n 2 5%.- Yu cu:gan ti hay gan lm lnh ng
,phi m bo tiu chun : mu g sn, khng
dp nt v khng c mu vng ca nc mt.
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Ngoi ra gan cn cha mt lnghematocuprein (cha 0,24% ng vitaminnhm B, trong s ny c vitamin B12 v A
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- B (da)
S dng da ln ti c ly ngay saukhi git m hoc sau khi pha lc.
Yu cu: B phi c mu trng v khngdnh hay st lng.
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-Trng
Trng g hoc trng vt,phi m bocht lng tt. Trng phi ti khng bdp v.
Lng trng: Lng trng chim khong 60%
khi lng ton qu trng c thnh phnha hc nh sau:
Nc : 86 88%
Protid : 10,5 12,3%Lipid : 0,3%
Glucid : 0,5 0,9%
Khong: 0,3 -0,6%
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-Lng : Lng chim khong 30% khilng ton qu trng, c thnh phn ha hc
nh sau:
Nc : 47 50 %
Protid : 15 17 %
Lipid : 27 36 %Glucid : 0,7 1%
Khong : 0,7 1,6%
Ngoi ra trong lng cha nhiuloi vitamin (tr vitamin C)
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Lipid trong lng trng gm c hai dng:dng t do (glycerid) v dng lin kt(phosphatit, glycolipid, steroid)
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-ngS dng ng RE t tiu chunThnh phn(%) Ch tiu
Saccharose 99,7
m 0,15Tro 0,15
ng kh 0,15
pH 7
Mu sc Trng
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Nguyn liu
X l v lm sch
Tht ln Da ln Gan ln Nguyn liu ph
Ct Chn Lm sch
XayXay Xay
Hnh Nguyn liukhc
Xay
p mui
Bm nhuyn
Vo hp
Hp s b Ghp np Thanh trng Sn phm
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X l
Lm sch gan: gan phi c lc ht gntrng, cung gan v ng ng dn mt,mu ng. Loi b nhng phn b thmen hay thm dch mt mu xanh vng.Sau gan c ra bng nc sch.
Yu cu sau khi lm sch mu gan phing nht.
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- Chn b (da ln)
B c tch khi khi tht trong qu trnhphn loi tht, sau em i chn.
Mc ch : to iu kin cho qu trnh xayv bm nhuyn d dng. B c chntrong nc si thi gian 15 20 pht.
Yu cu : sau khi chn b phi chn 70 80%.
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- Xay
Nguyn liu tht, gan, b, hnh kh uc qua qu trnh xay. Thng tin hnhxay ring tng loi nhng yu cu cng
ngh nh nhau. Mc ch : to iu kin cho qu trnh bm
nhuyn v trn gia v c d dng.
Yu cu sau khi xay : tht, b, gan, hnhu ng nht
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- Mui gan
Gan sau khi xay c em i p mui.Qu trnh p gan c trn u vi giav.
Mc ch p mui l to mu, mi, vcho sn phm sau ny. Qu trnh pmui c tc dng quan trng n cht
lng ca pat. Nu nhit thng,thi gian p mui khong 1 gi.
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- Bm nhuyn
Tht, b, hnh sau khi xay, gan sau khi pmui v cc nguyn liu ph khc cphi trn v bm nhuyn.
Mc ch : tng mn ca pat, tng ng u v kh nng lin kt ca cc cut.
Yu cu sau khi bm nhuyn khi snphm phi mn, ng u.
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- Vo hp
Cho khi sn phm sau khi bm nhuynvo hp ng .
Yu cu : ng trng lng, khi tht phinm trn trong hp khng dnh ln thnhhp.
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ng thi bi kh cn hn ch s phttrin ca vi sinh vt hiu kh tn ti trong hp, hn ch s n mn st ty
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- Ghp np v thanh trng
Khi tht sau khi c bi kh xong phic ghp m ngay. Sau a i thanhtrng 1210C. Thanh trng nhit p dng
cho sn phm ny c li v: va tc dngtiu dit vi sinh vt, va gi c chtlng sn phm.