QUIZQUIZ

1.1. The main part or foundation of a wordThe main part or foundation of a word

2.2. The plane that separates the front from the back.The plane that separates the front from the back.

3.3. Tissues combine to form theseTissues combine to form these

4.4. Suffix meaning inflammationSuffix meaning inflammation

5.5. The transverse plane separates the _____ from the The transverse plane separates the _____ from the ________.________.

6.6. TonsillitisTonsillitis

7.7. LeukemiaLeukemia

8.8. CephalgiaCephalgia

9.9. DentalDental

10.10.PostmortemPostmortem

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System

MEDL 2350MEDL 2350

March 3, 2003March 3, 2003

What is the Integument?What is the Integument?

• The INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM includes all the The INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM includes all the structures and tissues related to the skin.structures and tissues related to the skin.

• This includes:This includes: 1. skin1. skin a. Epidermisa. Epidermis b. Dermisb. Dermis 2. accessory organs2. accessory organs a. Haira. Hair b. Nailsb. Nails c. Glandsc. Glands

• The skin covers the entire body and The skin covers the entire body and provides protection against injuries, provides protection against injuries, infection, and toxic compounds.infection, and toxic compounds.

• The system contains many nerve The system contains many nerve endings that act as RECEPTORS for endings that act as RECEPTORS for pain, temperature, touch, and pain, temperature, touch, and pressure.pressure.

Anatomy of the SkinAnatomy of the Skin

• Upper layer of skin is called Upper layer of skin is called EPIDERMISEPIDERMIS

EPI- means on top ofEPI- means on top of

DERMIS means skinDERMIS means skin

• The lower layer of skin is called the The lower layer of skin is called the DERMIS.DERMIS.

The EpidermisThe Epidermis

• Is multilayered.Is multilayered.

• Contains is superficial layer of dead Contains is superficial layer of dead skin cells called STRATUM CORNEUM.skin cells called STRATUM CORNEUM.

• The stratum corneum is composed of The stratum corneum is composed of cells called KERATIN.cells called KERATIN.

• Is AVASCULAR (no blood vessels)Is AVASCULAR (no blood vessels)

• Has no nerve tissue (can’t feel pain)Has no nerve tissue (can’t feel pain)

The DermisThe Dermis

• Has two distinct layers:Has two distinct layers: 1. Papillary Layer (more superficial)1. Papillary Layer (more superficial) 2. Reticular Layer (deeper)2. Reticular Layer (deeper)• Accessory organs begin the dermis.Accessory organs begin the dermis.• Some of the accessory organs end or Some of the accessory organs end or

cross into the epidermis.cross into the epidermis.• The dermis contains blood vessels and The dermis contains blood vessels and

nerve tissue.nerve tissue.

Subcutaneous Fat and Subcutaneous Fat and Superficial FasciaSuperficial Fascia

• The SubQ fat is found deep to the The SubQ fat is found deep to the dermis.dermis.

• It contains the larger blood vessels of It contains the larger blood vessels of the skin.the skin.

• It is composed of adipose (fat) tissue, a It is composed of adipose (fat) tissue, a form of connective tissue.form of connective tissue.

• Deep to the subQ layer is the fascial Deep to the subQ layer is the fascial layer that covers the muscles beneath.layer that covers the muscles beneath.

Combining Forms Combining Forms

Adip/oAdip/o

Lip/oLip/o

Steat/o Steat/o

All mean FAT

Adip/osis Adip/osis

Lip/oidLip/oid

Steat/omaSteat/oma

Abnormal condition of fat

Resembling fat

Tumor of fat

Cutane/oCutane/o

Dermat/oDermat/o

Derm/o Derm/o

skin

SubcutaneousSubcutaneous

DermatologyDermatology

hypodermichypodermic

Pertaining to under the skin

Study of the skin

Pertaining to under the skin

Hidro/o sweatHidro/o sweat

Anhidrosis - abnormal condition of sweatAnhidrosis - abnormal condition of sweat

Kerat/o horny tissueKerat/o horny tissue

keratosis- - abnormal condition of hard tissuekeratosis- - abnormal condition of hard tissue

Myc/o fungusMyc/o fungus

Onychomycosis – abnormal condition of fungal Onychomycosis – abnormal condition of fungal toenailstoenails

Onych/oOnych/o

OnychomalaciaOnychomalacia

softenting of nailssoftenting of nails

Pil/oPil/o

Trich/oTrich/oHair

A Pilonidal cyst

Is a cyst that pertains to a nest of hair

Trichopathy

Is a disease of the hair

Xer/o Xer/o

Means dryMeans dry

xerodermaxeroderma

means dry skinmeans dry skin

derm / o / tomederm / o / tome

An instrument to cut

skin

Remember, the Remember, the dermis contains dermis contains the hair follicles, the hair follicles, sweat glands, and sweat glands, and sebaceous glands sebaceous glands (oil glands)(oil glands)

The term “diaphoresis” is meant to The term “diaphoresis” is meant to denote excessive sweating.denote excessive sweating.

The combining form for sweat is The combining form for sweat is

hidr/ohidr/o

Don’t get confused!!!Don’t get confused!!!

Hidr/o means sweatHidr/o means sweat

Hydr/o means waterHydr/o means water

Hidrosis is an abnormal condition of Hidrosis is an abnormal condition of sweat that causes blistering and sweat that causes blistering and peeling of the palms and soles.peeling of the palms and soles.

Anhidrosis is an abnormal condition of Anhidrosis is an abnormal condition of diminished or absent sweat.diminished or absent sweat.

A hidradenoma is a A hidradenoma is a tumor of the sweat tumor of the sweat gland.gland.

Recall, the dermis is Recall, the dermis is attached to the attached to the underlying structures underlying structures of the skin by of the skin by subcutaneous tissue.subcutaneous tissue.

The subcutaneous The subcutaneous tissue forms tissue forms lip/o/cytes, or fat lip/o/cytes, or fat cells.cells.

A suction lipectomy is A suction lipectomy is the removal of the the removal of the subcutaneous fat subcutaneous fat tissue using a blunt-tissue using a blunt-tipped cannula (tube) tipped cannula (tube) introduced into the introduced into the fatty area through a fatty area through a small incision. Suction small incision. Suction is then applied and fat is then applied and fat tissue is removed.tissue is removed.

Dermat/o/scler/osisDermat/o/scler/osis

skin

hardening

Disease

Therefore, dermatosclerosis is literally translated as a disease that results in the hardening of the skin. Also known as scleroderma, this disease is an autoimmune disease that results in scarring of the vital organs resulting in death.

• The oil secreting glands of the skin The oil secreting glands of the skin are called the SEBACEOUS GLANDS.are called the SEBACEOUS GLANDS.

• The sweat glands are known as The sweat glands are known as SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS.SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS.

MycodermatitisMycodermatitis

inflammation

skin

fungus

A mycodermatitis is an inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a fungus. A common example of this is ATHLETE’S FOOT or TINEA PEDIS.

Test YourselfTest Yourself

XerophagiaXerophagia

TichomycosisTichomycosis

AdipoceleAdipocele

DermatoplastyDermatoplasty

Condition of eating only dry foods

A fungal disease of the hair

A hernia of fat cells

Plastic surgery of the skin

MoreMore CombiningCombining FormsForms ofof ColorColor

Cyan/o BlueCyan/o Blue

Erythr/o RedErythr/o Red

Melan/o BlackMelan/o Black

Xanth/o YellowXanth/o Yellow

Leuk/o whiteLeuk/o white

The pigment that causes skin coloration The pigment that causes skin coloration is MELANINis MELANIN

Melanosis is the abnormal condition of Melanosis is the abnormal condition of black.black.

A melanoma is a tumor of black A melanoma is a tumor of black pigment.pigment.

A person with bluish discoloration of A person with bluish discoloration of the skin exhibitsthe skin exhibits

Cyanosis or cyanodermaCyanosis or cyanoderma

• A BASAL CELL CARCINOMA is a type of skin A BASAL CELL CARCINOMA is a type of skin cancer that affects the basal skin layer of cancer that affects the basal skin layer of the epidermis.the epidermis.

• A MELANOMA is characterized by A MELANOMA is characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, and lack of asymmetry, irregular borders, and lack of a uniform coloration.a uniform coloration.

• A DECUBITUS ULCER is a bedsore that A DECUBITUS ULCER is a bedsore that penetrates both epidermis and dermis.penetrates both epidermis and dermis.

SOME DISEASE SPECIFICS

PSORIASIS is a chronic disease that is PSORIASIS is a chronic disease that is characterized by red lesions covered by characterized by red lesions covered by silvery scales.silvery scales.

ABRASIONS are scrapesABRASIONS are scrapes

ALOPECIA is an absence or loss of hair.ALOPECIA is an absence or loss of hair.

CONTUSION is a collection of dried blood CONTUSION is a collection of dried blood beneath the skin. Commonly called bruises.beneath the skin. Commonly called bruises.

CYSTs are closed sacs containing fluid or CYSTs are closed sacs containing fluid or solid material.solid material.

ECCHYMOSIS is discoloration of the skin due ECCHYMOSIS is discoloration of the skin due to a bruise.to a bruise.

ECZEMA is an inflammatory skin disease ECZEMA is an inflammatory skin disease with red, itchy skin. Sometimes has with red, itchy skin. Sometimes has associated blisters (bullae)associated blisters (bullae)

FISSURE is a crack in the skin. Usually associated FISSURE is a crack in the skin. Usually associated with dry, scaly skin.with dry, scaly skin.

HIRSUTISM is a condition characterized by HIRSUTISM is a condition characterized by excessive hair growth.excessive hair growth.

IMPETIGO is an inflammatory skin disease with IMPETIGO is an inflammatory skin disease with isolated pustules that rupture.isolated pustules that rupture.

LACERATION is a tearing of the skin. Irregular LACERATION is a tearing of the skin. Irregular borders.borders.

MACULEs are flat, discolored lesions.MACULEs are flat, discolored lesions.

NODULEs are palpable lesions larger NODULEs are palpable lesions larger than a macule. Usually between 1-2 than a macule. Usually between 1-2 cmcm

PAPULEs are solid elevated lesionsPAPULEs are solid elevated lesions