radio 2016 – practical considerations, future...

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Radio 2016 – Practical Considerations, Future Expectations

Future Expectations

David H. LayerSenior Director, Advanced Engineering

National Association of BroadcastersWashington, DC

March 2016

FM band in Washington, DC

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23 stations18 digital (78%)

46 audio programs

DIGITAL ANALOG88 MHz 108 MHz20 MHz wide

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Radio in 2015

• FM digital radio is increasingly relevant

• AM radio is challenged on all fronts

• Hybrid radio usage and availability isgrowing

• Audio streaming is popular but notprofitable

• Mobile broadband is reaching into theautomobile, more competition for radio

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Today’s presentation

• Background on myself, NAB, IEEE BTS

• Digital radio

• Hybrid radio

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National Association of Broadcasters

• Largest U.S. trade associationfor free over-the-air broadcasters

• Departments include:– Conventions

– Communications

– Radio, TV membership

– Legal

– Government relations

– Technology

April 16-21, 2016

September 21–23, 2016

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National Association of Broadcasters

6www.nab.org

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NAB Technology department

• CTO, 7 full-time engineers, support staff of 6

• Provide technical support to other NAB departments

• Technical programs at NAB events

• Current activities:–PILOT (formerly NAB Labs)

–ATSC 3.0 development

–FM chips in smartphones

–EAS

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PILOT

11www.nabpilot.org

About me

• Senior director, advanced engineering

• With NAB since August 1995

• Previously with COMSAT Laboratories,worked on digital communications hardware

• Current areas of focus:–Radio regulatory issues (LPFM, AM revitalization)

–Manage radio technology committees (NABRTC, NRSC)

–Manage NAB Labs technology projects

[email protected]

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IEEE Broadcast Technology Society

• One of the technical societies & councils you can join as an IEEE member–16 chapters

–Approx. 2000 members

• BTS DistinguishedLecturer (DL) programfunded today’s talk

13bts.ieee.org


• Producer of two technical symposia:–IEEE Broadcast

Symposium

–IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) (Summer event)

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• Produce technical content for NAB Show and IBC

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• Two publications:–IEEE

Transactions onBroadcasting

–IEEE BroadcastTechnology

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• Awards programs including:–Scott Helt award – best transactions paper

–Matti Siukola award – best Broadcast Symposium paper

–Jules Cohen Outstanding Engineering Achievement award

• Join the BTS!–Talk to us about the benefits of membership

–Use Promotion Code: CMRBT240

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Broadcasting in the U.S.

• Broadcast station totalsDecember 31, 2015

• Newest service – LPFM

• FM translators are ingreat demand–Multicast rebroadcasting

–AM stations can now use

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30%

SOURCE: FCC

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How do broadcasters “go digital?”

Two options:

• New (radio) spectrum allocations–SDARS (XM, Sirius)

–Terrestrial (DAB/DAB+, ISDB-T for radio)

• Existing spectrum allocations–IBRC (in-band/replacement channel)

• ATSC DTV, DRM, ISDB-T for TV

–IBOC (in-band/on-channel)• HD Radio

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Genesis of digital radio

• 1988 – first demonstration of digital radio –World Radio Conference, Geneva

–“Eureka-147” new-band system (E-147)

–Called “DAB” – digital audio broadcasting

–DAB is trademark of E-147

• 1990 – DAB demonstrated in Canada

• 1991 – DAB demonstrated at–NAB Show, Las Vegas (April)

–NAB Radio Show, San Francisco (September)

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Eureka-147 DAB

• “New-band” system does not fit in existing AM or FM bands–1,500 kHz wide vs. 200 kHz (FM), 20 kHz (AM)

–Designed for L-band, high VHF bands

• Multicasting - five or more AM, FM signals per single DAB signal (3x more with DAB+)

• Supports “single frequency networks” (SFNs) – desirable for government broadcasters–Practical due to guard interval

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Single frequency network

• Traditional approach - a single “big stick” which covers entire listening area

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Single frequency network

• SFN replaces (augments) “big stick” with multiple transmitters on same frequency

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Digital radio in the U.S.

• HD Radio hybrid in-band/on-channel (IBOC) digital radio technology is used in North America–Trademark of DTS, Inc. (formerly iBiquity Digital Corporation)

• Developed in 1990s, authorized by FCC in 2002

• FM band system adopted in US, Mexico, being tested in Canada

• AM band system used in US but not very popular

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Hybrid digital FM signal

• About 2000stationsusing hybridFM

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-100 +100 f, kHz+200

ANALOG FMSIGNAL

FCC FMMASK

SIGNALSTRENGTH

-200 Channelcenter

frequency

OFDMSUBCARRIERS(USB)

OFDMSUBCARRIERS

(LSB)

Analog AM signal

• Analog AM:–Plagued by high

levels of noiseand interference

–No datacapability, noteven song titleand artist

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-10 10 f, kHz20Channelcenter

frequency

ANALOG AM SIGNAL

FCC AM MASK

dBc(-10 kHz)

(+20 kHz)(-20 kHz)

(+10 kHz)

-20 -15 -5 5 15

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Hybrid AM signal

• 345 stationslicensed forhybrid AM–227 on-air

(October 2015)

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frequency

ANALOG AM SIGNAL

FCC AM MASK

dBc(-10 kHz)

(+20 kHz)(-20 kHz)

(+10 kHz)

-20 -15 -5 5 15

SECONDARY

TERTIARY

OFDM SUBCARRIERS

PRIMARY

All-digital AM

• Requiresexperimentalauthority

• Not receivableon analogAM radios

• IS receivable onexisting HDRadio receivers


frequency

PRIMARY OFDM CARRIERS

FCC AM MASK

dBc(-10 kHz)

(+20 kHz)(-20 kHz)

(+10 kHz)

-20 -15 -5 5 15

SECONDARY OFDM SUBCARRIERS

SECONDARY OFDM SUBCARRIERS

TERTIARY OFDMSUBCARRIERS

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• FM hybrid IBOC system –up to 144 kbps

• Can be configured inmany different ways

2924 48 72 960 120 144 kbps

BASIC SERVICE

MULTICASTMAIN CHANNEL AUDIO

MAIN CHAN

HD-2

HD-2 HD-3

HYBRIDEXTENDED

HYBRID

MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 HD-4

MULTICASTWITH DATA

MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 DATA 2

MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 DATA 1

MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 HD-4 HD-5

MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 DATA 1

MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 DATA 2

MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 HD-3

MAIN CHANNEL AUDIO

MAIN CHAN HD-2

MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1

MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3

“Artist Experience”

• Images and program associated data transmitted as data over the HD Radio signal

30Station Logos / Album Art / Advertiser Images

SOURCE: DTS, Inc.

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Listener experience

31SOURCE: DTS, Inc.

Listener experience

32SOURCE: DTS, Inc.

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• Over 2,300 stations (AM & FM)

• Covering 90% of the US population

• 74% of listening on stations that have upgraded

• Almost 1,700 new HD2, HD3 and HD4 digital channels

33SOURCE: DTS, Inc.

HD Radio stations in Mexico

• 30% of population can get at least one digital signal

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Tijuana

Cd. México

Caborca

Ciudad Juárez

Nuevo Laredo

San Luis Potosi

Morelia

Xalapa

Cd. Acuña

No. City StationsPopulation (millions)

1 Distrito Federal 13 21.23 Monterrey 1 4.16 Tijuana 3 1.87 Ciudad Juárez 3 1.311 San Luis Potosí 1 1.013 Mérida 1 0.815 Aguascalientes 1 0.726 Morelia 1 0.627 Xalapa/Veracruz 1 1.533 Tuxtla Gutiérrez 1 0.543 Nuevo Laredo 2 0.4

Otros 9 1.0

TOTAL 35 34.9

Listeners served: 34.9 million

Salina Cruz Comitán

TapachulaTuxtla Gutiérrez

Monterrey

Aguascalientes

Mérida

Cananea

L. Cárdenas

Rosarito

Canada is next!

SOURCE: DTS, Inc.August 2015

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HD Radio international rollout

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PUERTO RICO

CANADA

USA

MEXICO

PANAMA

BRAZIL

PHILIPPINES

CHINA

TRINIDAD and TOBAGO

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

NORWAY

MOLDOVA

ROMANIA

COLOMBIA

Adopted ‐ Approved

Conditionally Approved

Local Partnership

Interested ‐ Testing

SOURCE: DTS, Inc.October 2015


• iBiquity Digital Corporation acquired by DTS in October 2015–DTS is a publicly-traded corporation

–Interesting combination of patent pools

–DTS more consumer electronics-focused, iBiquity more automotive market-focused

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• Key points:–Automotive receiver penetration accelerating

–“Artist experience” helping radio compete with streaming services

–NAB focusing on need for broadcastersto provide a CONSISTENT USEREXPERIENCE

–Mobile broadband, hybrid radioexperience is also increasinglyimportant

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Vehicle Brands (Chevy, Ford etc.)

Vehicle Models (Malibu, Focus etc.)

HD Radio Technology Standard

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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154

67

16

86

3621

109

6133

166

92

36

198

76

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All major auto brands now offer factory‐installed HD Radio receivers on at least

one model SOURCE: DTS, Inc.August 2015

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

CY 2010 CY 2011 CY 2012 CY 2013 CY 2014 CY 2015

Consumer Electronics / Auto Aftermarket

OEM Automotive

All Numbers in Millions

5

0

10

15

25

Cumulative

Annual

17.52

10.51

4.942.96

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23.13


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YEAR TO DATE

24.89

iBiquity sales projections:1 every 3 1/2 seconds

20,000 per day45% of new cars sold in 2015 SOURCE: DTS, Inc.

February 2015

Consumer electronics/auto aftermarketOEM automotive

More HD Radio receivers

• New HD Radio receivervendor

• iBiquity’s “house brand”

• 7 models

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www.sparcradio.com

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More HD Radio receivers

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• Consistent user experience is vital–This requires an investment by broadcasters

–Need to integrate automation systems with tools like “TagStation”

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PANDORASPOTIFY HD RADIO NEXTRADIO

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HYBRID RADIO

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Hybrid radio

• Hybrid radio promisesto revolutionize theconsumer radioexperience

• Smartphone hybridradio experience ishere NOW, automotivehybrid experienceis COMING

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Hybrid radio

• Hybrid radio gives listeners an alternative to streaming audio services like Pandora–Hybrid radio levels the playing field, puts FM on the smartphone!

–No data charge for audio

• Hybrid radio gives broadcasters an alternative to streaming their audio channels–Streaming audio channels is costly and costs scale with # of listeners

–Every listener using hybrid radio is a listener that would be (but is not!) using streaming audio

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Hybrid radio

• A hybrid radio is a radio device(AM or FM) also connected to theInternet

• Not to be confused with “hybrid IBOC”

• Hybrid radio devices offers similarfunctionality to digital radio–at lower cost

–no multicasting

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How does hybrid radio work?

• Radio signal delivers audio and (possibly)limited data service

• Connected device downloads Internetcontent based upon information containedin radio signal–Tuned frequency

–RDS information

–HD Radio data information

NO STREAMING

FEES!

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• What kind of Internet content?–Program associated data

–Album Art

–Station guide

–Program guide

–Enhanced advertisements

–Social networking opportunities

–Service following(streaming audio)

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• For hybrid radio to work, need:–Connected device

–Hybrid radio app on the connecteddevice

–Broadcast-related content to supportthe app and provide the Internetcontent

• Best example: NextRadio

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NextRadio

Basic FM tuner Station logo service or RadioDNS

Full TagStation or RadioDNS -now playing

Representation in NextRadio

guides

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NextRadio

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NextRadio

• Hybrid radio initiative led by EmmisCommunications

• Cellular carrier partners – Sprint, AT&T, T-Mobile

• Industrywide effort addressing challenges of:–Enhanced content

–Getting FM radio in smart phones

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FM chips in smartphones

105http://www.nablabs.org/projects/fm‐radio‐in‐smartphones.asp

53.5 million in the last 3 years!


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• NextRadio app generates a “call to action”when installed on phones where FM chipis not activated

110http://freeradioonmyphone.org/

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SOURCE: NEXTRADIO


• Use smartphone “teardown” reportsto assess capabilities

• Example – Sony XperialZ3

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Broadcom BCM 4339 “connectivity chip”

includes Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and FM receiver

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“Connectivity chip”

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0.25”

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“Connectivity chip”

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Broadcom BCM4330

• Single-band 2.4 GHz 802.11 b/g/n or dual-band 2.4 GHz and 5Ghz 802.11 a/b/g/n

• FM receiver and transmitter

• Bluetooth core spec. version 4.0 + HS compliant

• Full WAPI software and hardware support

• Integrated ARM Cortex-M3 proc., memory

• “SmartAudio” technology that dramatically improves voice quality in Bluetooth headsets

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Broadcom BCM4330

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Biggest challenges

• Getting radios into smartphones

• Getting broadcasters to support consistent user experience

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Digital radio

• What is digital radio to me?–Job security

–Engineering at its best

–The future of radio

• Thank you for listening!

• Discussion

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radio 2016 – practical considerations, future...

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