rc pedagogical casestudy diat

8/13/2019 RC Pedagogical CaseStudy DIAT

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K Sudhakar, H AryaDepartment of Aerospace Engineering,I.I.T. Bombay,Mumbai -400076

Systems Engineering Principles

System Requirements and ArchitectingA Pedagogical Case Study


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Recap Need statement

Stakeholder identification Con-ops Stakeholder requirements System requirements Functional requirements System, sub-system, component, sub-

component, part System boundary System Hierarchy System architecture


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Concept of OperationA message is received at the control room about some

natural calamity. Some people may be stranded in a remotearea which is 100 km away . Some of them may be badlyinjured. Need help to assess!

Concept of operation :1. Operator(s) (2 nos? skill level?) are designated for this task2. Reach with equipment to the site . (100 km)3. Setup MAV quickly for launch (< 20 minutes)4. Identify if human(s) is/are trapped


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Top Level Requirements captured1) Mini Aerial Vehicle (MAV) shall be used (rationale attached by user)

2) MAV shall be autonomous (FR. Difficulty of creatingskilled RC flyers in all parts of India)3) (Two) operator(s) - one shall be computer literate (FR.

Literacy level TBD)

4) Shall identify human beings if present (Users primary FR) 5) Preparation time before launch shall be < 20 minutes (PR. Rationale?)6) Shall fly for 20 minutes (PR. Rationale?)7) A road vehicle that can carry 2 people + equipment shall be available


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8/27Problem area

Concept of Operations (ConOps)

Control room

2 people + equipment on vehicle

90 km road + 10 km poor OR no access

OR

Launch site

Loadcarryingcapacity?

How tolaunch?0.75 Sq km

outsideaffectedarea?


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Requirements RefinementShall identify human beings

Q) What exactly is required? Is there a human being or ifone is spotted make out who the person is?A) I just want to know if a human being is present. (detect =

could be a human. Recognize=is human; identify = it is xyz)Q) Detection even if buried deep inside debris may be tough!A) OK. Only if on top of debris

Q) Anywhere within 1 Sq km OR you will tell where to look?A) Could be anywhere. (need to search within 1 sq km)

Q) (S)he may be lying in any position on top of debris? Easy toidentify if flat on ground with hands/legs sprawled. Verytough if lying on side or standing.

A) Detect human anywhere within 1 sq km 90% of times if sprawled

10% of times if lying on one side


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Requirements Refined1) Mini Aerial Vehicle (MAV) shall be used (rationale attached by user)2) MAV shall be autonomous (FR. Difficulty of creating skilled RC flyers)

3) Two operators of which one shall be computer literate (FR.)4) Total weight of system shall be less than the carrying capacity of two persons over

rough terrain (PR TBD)5) Launch space > = 100m x 50m x 20m (LxWxH) (PR. ConOps)

6) Shall detect a human being 90% of the time if lying sprawled

anywhere within 1 sq km (PR. Derived from users primary Req)7) Shall detect a human being 10% of the time if lying on one side

anywhere within 1 sq km (PR. Derived from users primary Req) 8) Preparation time before launch shall be < 20 minutes (PR. Rationale?)9) Shall fly for 20 minutes (PR. Rationale)

10) A vehicle that can carry 2 people + equipment shall be available11) Systems shall work faultlessly when stored in hostile environment (TBD) for 6

months and taken out

Earlier6. Shall identify human beings (Users primary FR)7. Shall be able to search for human beings within 1 sq km (FR+PR)


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Requirements RefinementShall identify human beings

Q) What will you do with the information that human is there?A) I can plan the rescue operation

Q) How will you reach there?A) Oh! I will need the location and tips to reach there

Q) Do you want live information?

A) Live information is must

Q) Why do you want to fly for 20 min?A) No, actually I want to know if human present anywhere

within 1 sq km within 20 min


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Requirements Refined1) Mini Aerial Vehicle (MAV) shall be used (rationale attached by user)2) MAV shall be autonomous (FR. Difficulty of creating skilled RC flyers)

3) Two operators of which one shall be computer literate (FR.)4) Total weight of system shall be less than the carrying capacity of two persons over

rough terrain (PR TBD)5) Launch space > = 100m x 50m x 20m (LxWxH) (PR. ConOps)6) Shall detect a human being 90% of the time if lying sprawled anywhere within 1 sq km

(PR. Derived from users primary Req)7) Shall detect a human being 10% of the time if lying on one side anywhere within 1 sq

km (PR. Derived from users primary Req)8) Preparation time before launch shall be < 20 minutes (PR. Rationale?)

Shall fly for 20 minutes (PR. Rationale)9) A vehicle that can carry 2 people + equipment shall be available10) Systems shall work faultlessly when stored in hostile environment (TBD) for 6

months and taken out

11) If human detected, shall provide location too (Lat/long?)12) 1 sq km area shall be scanned for detecting human within 20 min.


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Jointly signed off (stakeholders + SysEng)

SysEng & Each stakeholder shall go over each requirement

and Validate it. Validate agree that it truly representswhat they have jointly agree to.Shall be Baselined and managed; who can change what andwho all need to agree

Also archive all supporting documents: Originatingdocuments, discussions and resulting refinements,derivation; preferable properly tagged! ie. An authorised

person can trace the history of any requirement


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System/Environment/Context

System MAV, Vehicle,2 operators

Disastermanagementteam

Storage placePublic safety

System we take responsibility. Take decisions about what itshall be like.

Environment impacts system, can be impacted. DisMgmt iswilling to sit with you and give and take on what is needed

Context impacts system, not impacted by system. Storageplace and safety related issues are not changeable (for design

process. )The above can also interpreted in operational scenario


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Possible MoEs?Quick assessmentEase of operation

90% of times humans sprawled shall be identifiedOne operator shall be any random human being of average health

Possible MoPs?


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Aerial Vehicle fixed wing Over hovering type,(Enterprise/Lab requirements. Familiarity) Electric motor Over IC engine.

(Enterprise/Lab past experience. Easy to operate)

Transportation to location of interest normal jeepOver special vehicle

Technology & Other Options

For trade-off studies at mission level if required


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Requirements Allocation?

AerialVehicle

Autopilot Payload Ground station

2) MAV shall be autonomous

6) Shall detect a human being

90% of the time if lyingsprawled anywhere within 1sq km

Road Vehicle

12) 1 sq km area shall be

scanned fordetecting humanwithin 20 min


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Requirements Derived?

AerialVehicle

Autopilot Payload Ground station

2) MAV shall be autonomous

6) Shall detect a human being

90% of the time if lyingsprawled anywhere within 1sq km

12) 1 sq km area shall be

scanned fordetecting humanwithin 20 min

Endurance 20 min

Strategy to fly a

path so video sees allof 1 sq km in 20 min

If human present in

any video framedetect

Road Vehicle


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Aerial Vehicle - subsystem

Originating document Fixed wing MAV Electric motor+prop Endurance 20 min Payload mass = xx gm Autopilot mass = yy gm

Stakeholders: System level SE team Operators Payload Autopilot

ConOps : Aerial Vehicle SysEng Vs Operator

Q) How gently can you handle the vehicleA) Very difficult to be gentle when I am in hostile environment.

We may involuntarily squeeze it, etc.Q) . . .


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Derived requirements can come fromanalysis

1 km

1 km

hFOW

Camera

x

Swath, X = h /57.3No of passes required, N p = 1000/X = 5730/ (h )Total distance, D= 1000 *N p *1.25 = 7163 /(h ) (25% for turning around)Mission time, t m = D/V = 7163 /(h V)


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AerialVehicle

Autopilot Payload Ground stationVehicle

12) 1 sq km area shall bescanned fordetecting humanwithin 20 min

Endurance 20 min

Strategy to fly apath so video sees allof 1 sq km in 20 min

If human present inany video framedetect


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AerialVehicle

Autopilot Payload Ground stationVehicle

12) 1 sq km area shall bescanned fordetecting humanwithin 20 min

Endurance 20 min

Strategy to fly apath so video sees allof 1 sq km in 20 min

Design choices:Payload Aerial Vehicle ?? hV

t m = 7163 /(h V)Endurance = E


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