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Re cap nutes - write a summary (can use diagrams what you can recall from last weeks lesso

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Page 1: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Re cap

5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson.

Page 2: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to describe exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions

● Be able to explain the importance of coupled chemical reactions in metabolism

● Be familiar with the terms oxidation and reduction

Page 3: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Energy in Chemical ReactionsE

nerg

y

progress of reaction

Energy Content of reactants

Energy Content of products

Ene

rgy

progress of reaction

Energy Content of reactants

Energy Content of products

EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC

Page 4: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation.

Page 5: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Coupled Chemical Reactions

Coupling of exothermic and endothermic reaction allows energy released by reaction to start another

Glucose Glucose – 6 - P

ATP ADP + Pienergy

Page 6: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

OXIDATION REDUCTION

- Addition of oxygen - Removal of oxygen

- Loss of hydrogen - Gaining hydrogen

- Loss of electrons - Gaining electrons

OILRIGOxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is

the gain of electrons

Page 7: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

CO2 + H2OC6H12O6 + O2 66 6Respiration is the oxidation of carbon (glucose)

NAD and FAD are electron acceptors during respiration

NAD+ + e- NADH + H+

FAD + e- FADH2

Page 8: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

NAD+ + e- NADH + H+

FAD + e- FADH2

Oxidised or reduced?

reduced

reducedReduced NADH and FADH2 are important as they carry electrons which power other stages of respiration.

Page 9: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Class activity

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

NAD NADH

FADH2FAD

Page 10: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Class activity

Move around the class displaying what you are?

Oxidised or reduced?

How could we develop this idea?

Page 11: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to describe exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions

● Be able to explain the importance of coupled chemical reactions in metabolism

● Be familiar with the terms oxidation and reduction

Page 12: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

NAD NADH

FADH2FAD

Page 13: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to draw a schematic overview of cellular respiration

● Be able to describe the metabolic pathway from glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis

● be able to analyse the energy transduction that occurs during glycolysis

Page 14: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Cell MetabolismRespiration: overview

Page 15: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Cell MetabolismRespiration: overview

Glucose

GLYCOLYSIS

FERMENTATION

LINKREACTION

KREBCYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT

CHAIN

ANAEROBIC

AEROBICO2 H2O

Page 16: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

P P

Glucose

PP

Page 17: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

PP

P

P P

P

Page 18: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

P P

Glucose

Phosphorylated glucose

Stage 1:Activation of glucose By phosphorylation

Stage 2:Splitting of Phosphorylatedglucose

PP

Triose phosphate Triose phosphate

ATP ATP

ADP ADP

Page 19: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

PP

Triose phosphate Triose phosphate

Pyruvate Pyruvate

NAD+

NADH

NAD+

NADH

+ ADP

ATP

P

+ ADP

ATP

P ADP +

ATP

P

ADP +

ATP

P

Stage 3:Oxidation of the triose phosphate

Stage 4:Production of ATP

Page 20: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Yield from

Input Output

Glucose

2 ATP 4 ATP

2 Pyruvate

2 NADH2 NAD

GLYCOLYSIS

Page 21: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to draw a schematic overview of cellular respiration

● Be able to describe the metabolic pathway from glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis

● be able to analyse the energy transduction that occurs during glycolysis

Page 22: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

● Be able to recall which different subcellular compartment are involved in aerobic and anaerobic respiration

● Be able to explain the biological importance of anaerobicrespiration

Page 23: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Anaerobic Respiration

Glucose

GLYCOLYSIS

LINKREACTION

KREBCYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT

CHAIN

AEROBICO2 H2O

Page 24: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Glucose

GLYCOLYSIS

LINKREACTION

KREBCYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT

CHAIN

AEROBICO2 H2O

O2

Page 25: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Glucose

GLYCOLYSIS

LINKREACTION

KREBCYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT

CHAIN

AEROBIC

Page 26: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Anaerobic Respiration

Glucose

GLYCOLYSIS

FERMENTATION

Why does Anaerobic respiration occur?

Page 27: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Why does Anaerobic respiration occur?

Anaerobic Respiration

● To enable continued glycolysis

● To recycle NAD for glycolysis

● Note, there is NO production of ATP (energy) during anaerobic respiration.

Page 28: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Anaerobic Respiration

Two types of anaerobic respiration

Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation

Page 29: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Alcoholic fermentation

glucose

triose phosphate

pyruvate

NAD

NADH

ethanal ethanol

CO2

Producing ethanol from pyruvate regenerates oxidised NAD and allows glycolysis to continue

NADH NAD

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Page 30: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Lactic acid fermentation

glucose

triose phosphate

pyruvate

NAD

NADH

lactate

Producing lactate from pyruvate regenerates oxidised NAD and allows glycolysis to continue

NADH NAD

lactate dehydrogenase

Oxygen Debt?

Page 31: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

● Be able to recall which different subcellular compartment are involved in aerobic and anaerobic respiration

● Be able to explain the biological importance of anaerobicrespiration

Page 32: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to describe the reactions that occur as pyruvate enters the mitochondria

● Be able to explain the energy transduction during the link reaction

Page 33: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Glucose

GLYCOLYSIS

LINKREACTION

KREBCYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT

CHAIN

AEROBICH2O

Aerobic Respiration

O2

● with oxygen available the pyruvate enters the mitochondria

Page 34: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Glucose LINKREACTION

AEROBICH2O

Aerobic Respiration

O2

Page 35: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

LINKREACTION Pyruvate

Acetyl CoA

CO2

NAD

NADH

● Remember glycolysis produces 2 molecules of pyruvate per molecule of glucose.

Coenzyme A (CoA)

Page 36: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Yield from LINKREACTION

Input Output

2 pyruvate

2 CO2

2 Acetyl CoA

2 NADH2 NAD

Page 37: Re cap 5 minutes - write a summary (can use diagrams) of what you can recall from last weeks lesson

Learning objectives

● Be able to describe the reactions that occur as pyruvate enters the mitochondria

● Be able to explain the energy transduction during the link reaction


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