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Vocabulary Ch. 13-Vocabulary Ch. 13-1414

advocateadvocate• Some gardeners consider Some gardeners consider

chemicals and pesticides chemicals and pesticides harmful; instead they harmful; instead they advocate using “organic” advocate using “organic” methods of growing fruits and methods of growing fruits and vegetables.vegetables.

• To promoteTo promote

• To supportTo support

• To speak or write in favor of To speak or write in favor of

antipathyantipathy I have had a I have had a strong antipathy strong antipathy toward snakes since toward snakes since being scared by one being scared by one when I was a child.when I was a child.

• A strong dislikeA strong dislike

• HatredHatred

• DistasteDistaste

emancipateemancipate The womens’ The womens’ liberation movement liberation movement has helped to has helped to emancipate women emancipate women from job and wage from job and wage discriminationdiscrimination..

• To set freeTo set free

• To release from slavery, captivity, orTo release from slavery, captivity, or oppressionoppression

idiosyncrasyidiosyncrasy Clara has always Clara has always had the unusual had the unusual idiosyncrasy of idiosyncrasy of dressing only in black. dressing only in black.

• A personal habitA personal habit

• A personal peculiarityA personal peculiarity

• quirkquirk

imminentimminent We cancelled the We cancelled the picnic because a picnic because a thunderstorm seemed thunderstorm seemed imminentimminent..

• likely to occur soonlikely to occur soon

• About to happen About to happen

austereaustere Ms. Stone’s appearance Ms. Stone’s appearance was austere. She wore was austere. She wore plain, quiet clothing with plain, quiet clothing with no jewelry, and she never no jewelry, and she never used make-upused make-up..

• very plainvery plain

• without decoration or luxurywithout decoration or luxury

• severely simpleseverely simple

esotericesoteric The language of The language of Shakespeare and the Shakespeare and the poetry of Ezra Pound poetry of Ezra Pound is too esoteric for is too esoteric for most readersmost readers..

• difficult to understanddifficult to understand

• intended for or understood by only a intended for or understood by only a certain group of peoplecertain group of people

• beyond the understanding of most beyond the understanding of most peoplepeople

facsimilefacsimile The word The word fax fax is short for is short for facsimile. With a fax facsimile. With a fax machine you can send the machine you can send the precise image of a precise image of a document across the document across the country in a matter of country in a matter of seconds.seconds.

• an accurate copyan accurate copy

• a reproductiona reproduction

grotesquegrotesque The clown made The clown made grotesque faces, squinting grotesque faces, squinting his eyes, pulling down the his eyes, pulling down the corners of his mouth, and corners of his mouth, and sticking out his tongue.sticking out his tongue.

• strange-lookingstrange-looking

• distorteddistorted

• strikingly inconsistent in shape, strikingly inconsistent in shape, appearance, or mannerappearance, or manner

mesmerizemesmerize The intense eyes of The intense eyes of the woman in the the woman in the picture mesmerized picture mesmerized me. I couldn’t take my me. I couldn’t take my eyes off the pictureeyes off the picture..

• to fascinateto fascinate

• to hypnotize or fascinateto hypnotize or fascinate

• to hold spellboundto hold spellbound

metamorphosismetamorphosis A caterpillar’s A caterpillar’s transformation into a transformation into a butterfly is a well-butterfly is a well-known example of a known example of a metamorphosismetamorphosis..

• a change in forma change in form

• a great or complete changea great or complete change

• a transformationa transformation

notoriousnotorious The local diner is The local diner is notorious for its bitter notorious for its bitter coffee, soggy coffee, soggy vegetables, limp salads, vegetables, limp salads, and mystery meatand mystery meat..

• regarded negativelyregarded negatively

• known widely but unfavorablyknown widely but unfavorably

• having a bad reputationhaving a bad reputation

perfunctoryperfunctory The doctor’s The doctor’s examination was examination was perfunctory. He seemed perfunctory. He seemed to be just going through to be just going through the motions without taking the motions without taking any interest in the patientany interest in the patient..

• uninteresteduninterested

• done only as a routinedone only as a routine

• performed with no interest or enthusiasmperformed with no interest or enthusiasm

• done with little caredone with little care

imminentimminent We cancelled the We cancelled the picnic because a picnic because a thunderstorm seemed thunderstorm seemed imminentimminent..

• Likely to occur soonLikely to occur soon

• About to happenAbout to happen

impedeimpede Muddy roads Muddy roads impeded the progress impeded the progress of the trucks bringing of the trucks bringing food to the refugees.food to the refugees.

• To hinderTo hinder

• To delay or slowTo delay or slow

• To get in the way ofTo get in the way of

inclusiveinclusive The medical fee The medical fee was inclusive, covering was inclusive, covering all visits, tests, all visits, tests, treatments, and other treatments, and other servicesservices..

• CompleteComplete

• Including much or everythingIncluding much or everything

• Broad or complete in coverageBroad or complete in coverage

jurisdictionjurisdiction The United States has no The United States has no jurisdiction over foreign jurisdiction over foreign embassies on American embassies on American soil; they are under the soil; they are under the authority of their own authority of their own governments.governments.

• ControlControl

• The authority to administer justiceThe authority to administer justice

• AuthorityAuthority

• Range or extent of authorityRange or extent of authority

precariousprecarious The icy roads The icy roads made travel made travel precariousprecarious..

• UnsafeUnsafe

• DangerousDangerous

• RiskyRisky

• Dangerously uncertainDangerously uncertain

preposterouspreposterous Louis always comes up Louis always comes up with preposterous get-with preposterous get-rich-quick schemes, such rich-quick schemes, such as opening a doughnut as opening a doughnut shop in Antarcticashop in Antarctica..

• RidiculousRidiculous

• Contrary to nature or reason and Contrary to nature or reason and thus laughablethus laughable

• absurdabsurd

provocativeprovocative A good essay is A good essay is provocative. It gets the provocative. It gets the reader interested and reader interested and attentive starting with attentive starting with the very first paragraph.the very first paragraph.

• attention-gettingattention-getting

• tending to arouse interest or tending to arouse interest or curiositycuriosity

travestytravesty The fraternity skit, The fraternity skit, a travesty of college a travesty of college life, exaggerated and life, exaggerated and ridiculed many ridiculed many campus activitiescampus activities. .

• a joking, disrespectful imitationa joking, disrespectful imitation

• a crude, exaggerated representationa crude, exaggerated representation

• a mockerya mockery