UNIT 4: IMPERIALISM AND WWI PPT:#1

DAILY

ESSENTIAL

QUESTIONS

1. What were the causes of

imperialism?

2. How did the United States

acquire Alaska and Hawaii?

3. What were the causes and

effects of the Spanish American

War?

4. Why did the US get involved

Asia specifically China?

5. What were the different foreign

policies of Roosevelt, Taft, and

Wilson?

EQ #1 - WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM?

WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?

Imperialism - The policy by which stronger nations extend their political, economic, and military control over weaker territories.

All the European countries were doing it!

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF US IMPERIALISM?

1. Economic Gain $$$$

2. Nationalism

3. Militarism/ Naval Power

4. “White Man’s Burden” – Social Darwinism

• US moved from isolationism to expansionism because of capitalism that increased the need raw materials for industry

• Wanted more people to sell goods to in overseas markets

• Wanted Europe to know that we were powerful

• Fredrick Jackson Turner – Frontier Thesis

• Need Naval Bases around the world to secure trading relationships

In The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, historian Alfred T. Mahan argued that great nations owed their greatness to naval power.

• Imperialists feel that it is the moral duty to spread White (European) culture and Christianity to inferior people and the best nations should do this.

• US moved from isolationism to expansionism because of capitalism that increased the need raw materials for industry

• Wanted more people to sell goods to in overseas markets

1. Economic Gain $$$$

• Wanted Europe to know that we were powerful

• Fredrick Jackson Turner – Frontier Thesis2. Nationalism

• Need Naval Bases around the world to secure trading relationships

•In The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, historian Alfred T. Mahan argued that great nations owed their greatness to naval power.

3. Militarism/ Naval Power

• Imperialists feel that it is the moral duty to spread White (European) culture and Christianity to inferior people and the best nations should do this.

4. “White Man’s Burden” –

Social Darwinism

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF US IMPERIALISM?

What do you see in this political cartoon?

• Called “Seward’s Icebox”

and “Seward’s Folly” as a

useless frozen tundra.

• But valuable resources

including timber and oil

were found.

• Alaska doubled America’s

territory at that time.

1. Alaska - In 1867, Secretary of State William

Seward purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2

million.

EQ #2. How did the United States acquire Alaska and Hawaii?

• In 1887, US sugar

planters gained control

of the government.

• In 1891, Queen

Liliuokalani abolished

the constitution that

gave white planters

power.

• In 1893, with the help of

U.S. Marines, the Queen

was dethroned.

• In 1898, Congress voted to annex Hawaii.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHTOEfSyu-4 6min

2. Hawaii

Sanford Dole – Hmmm? $$$

(I need to sell my pineapples!)

What were the Causes?1. In 1890s, Spain controlled

Cuba, Puerto Rico,

Guam, and the

Philippines.

2. Cubans rebelled against

Spanish rule. Spain

retaliated and thousands

of Cubans died of disease

and starvation in

reconcentration camps.

3. The Yellow Press published emotional

headlines in the United

States that exaggerated

Spanish atrocities.

4. Americans have

businesses in Cuba!

EQ #3. What were the causes and effects of the

Spanish-American War?

The Yellow Press is journalism with little or nolegitimate well-researched news. Uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers.Techniques include exaggerations of news events,scandal-mongering, or sensationalism.

CUBA IN CARTOONS 1890S

William Randolph

Hearst, publisher

of the New York

Journal stated:

"You furnish the

pictures, and I'll

furnish the war!"

5. In response, Pres. McKinley warned Spain to make peace and

sent the battleship Maine to Havana harbor to protect American citizens.

6. The De Lome Letter - The Spanish Ambassador wrote a private

letter that was intercepted. The letter said that Pres. McKinley was

weak and stupid. The Yellow Press published the letter. The letter

fueled jingoism –aggressive nationalism.

7. On February 15, 1898, the Maine exploded, killing 266 Americans.

8. The Yellow Press

demanded war.

Headlines screamed,

“Remember the

Maine!”

9. McKinley asks

Congress for the

authority to end the

fighting in Cuba leading

Spain to declare war on

the US in 1898.

10. Secretary of State

John Hay called it a

“splendid little war.” It

lasted 4 months.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JYFJU3ZJLM4min

What were the results/effects of Spanish-American War?

1. In Cuba 385 American battle deaths

2. 2000+ American deaths from disease and bad meat

3. Cost: $250,000,000

4. In the Treaty of Paris U.S. acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippine Islands

(100,000 sq. miles, 10 million people) for $20 million

5. Anti-Imperialists angered by anti-democratic aspects of imperialist efforts.

6. Teddy Roosevelt becomes famous for Rough Riders. Will become the VP

with McKinley in 1900 election. Becomes President in 1901 after McKinley is

assassinated.

7. The United States now had an empire and a new stature in world

affairs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cztQVr_fAz4

TR Rough Riders

What happened to Puerto Rico after the

Spanish-American War?

1. The Foraker Act, 1900, (aka Organic Act) the US

established civilian government on the island of

Puerto Rico but a governor would be appointed by

the US President.

2. Good location for a naval base.

3. In the Insular Cases, 1901, the Supreme Court ruled that Puerto Ricans did not have the same rights or

tax status as other Americans.

4. However, in 1917 Puerto Ricans became US citizens.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EOxtY3M6Co 4min

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/25/puerto-rico-status-debate_n_3651755.html 2014 article about statehood

But the Platt Amendment (1903) made it a protectorate of the United States, which retained the rights to:

Teller Amendment (1898)– said Cuba can become

independent. It did in 1902.

1. approve or reject any treaty

signed by Cuba.

2. intervene to preserve order in

Cuba.

3. lease military bases in Cuba –

Guantanamo Bay – still there

today!

What happened to Cuba after the

Spanish-American War?

Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders

1. During the war Commodore George Dewey easily defeated the Spanish in the Philippines

BUT...

3. Imperialists - President

McKinley argued that the United States had a

responsibility to “uplift and

civilize” the Filipino people.

However, the United States

brutally suppressed a Filipino

rebellion - 1901. – 5000 Americans die and 200,000

Filipinos die.

2. Anti-Imperialists - Critics like

William Jennings Bryan and Mark Twain attacked

imperialism as against

American principles. In other

words we should leave the

Philippines alone.

What happened to the Philippines after the Spanish American War?

Who do you agree with and why?

4. In 1901 President McKinley made William Howard Taft the governor of the Philippines.

5. He won the support of the Filipino people. He gave them limited self rule and built the schools, roads, and bridges.

6. 1916 Congress passed the Jones Act which said that the Philippines could eventually become independent.

7. After WWII the US liberated the Philippines from Japan and it became an independent country.

THINK: DO

YOUR BEST

TO ANSWER

THESE

QUESTIONS.

1. Do you think there is any such thing as a "splendid little war"? What other wars might some people remember as "splendid little" ones? Who might think these wars were not so splendid? Who usually suffers most in a war? Who has to bear the long-term effects of a war?

2. What responsibilities does the press have in terms of how it reports news stories? What are the short-term benefits of exaggerating or fabricating stories to make exciting headlines? What might be some long-term benefits of adhering to the truth?

EQ#4. Why did the US get involved in Asia specifically China?

In 1899, China was being exploited by

European powers and Japan. Britain, France,Germany, and Russia each carved out

spheres of influence, or zones in which theyenjoyed special access to ports and markets.

•Pres. McKinley and U.S. Secretary of State

John Hay announced that the United States

expected an Open Door Policy - “equality of

treatment for commerce” in China.

•Why? Free Trade - 400,000,000 potential

consumers in China $$$$

•Some Chinese were upset by foreign

influence. The US and other countries had to

put down the Boxer Rebellion in 1900.

McKinley’s Open Door Policy

EQ#5: What were the different foreign policies of

Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson?

1. This term came from an old African

saying, “Speak softly and carry a big

stick; you will go far.”

2. Roosevelt saw it as America’s moral

responsibility to “civilize,” or uplift,weaker nations. (Social Darwinism)

Roosevelt

developed a

foreign policy

for U.S.

actions in

Latin America

known as

“big stick”

diplomacy.

What was Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy?”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzm2EBYfyDg Bio 4min

In 1904,

Roosevelt

added the

Roosevelt

Corollary to the Monroe

Doctrine.

• The U.S. would act as an “International

Policeman” in the Western Hemisphere

to prevent European intervention.

• But it was also about American

investments in Latin America!

• To show the strength of the US Navy to

the rest of the world he sent The Great

White Fleet around the world.

• It was a fleet of 16 battleships

and additional smaller boats

around the world in 1908.

What was the Roosevelt Corollary

(to the Monroe Doctrine)?”

Remember: What was

the Monroe Doctrine?

You learned about this in

American I.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6k9nu8-7oU Hip Hughes 3min

ROOSEVELT’S GREAT WHITE FLEET

1. The United States needed

permission from Colombia which

owned the Isthmus of Panama.

2. Colombia wanted more $$$ than

the US was willing to pay.

3. Roosevelt sent warships to Panama

to support a Panamanian rebellion

against Colombia.

4. The United States recognized the

Panamanian government.

5. Roosevelt negotiated to lease the

“Canal Zone” from the new

Panamanian government for $10

million and an annual rent.

The Panama Canal was constructed between

1904 and 1913.

How and why was the Panama Canal constructed?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W20uDG4tVPw3:20 min

6. Construction of

the canal was a

tremendous

engineering feat

that involved

thousands of workers.

7. Why is the Panama

Canal significant? The

canal cut 8,000

nautical miles off the

trip from the west

coast to the east coast

of the United States. Saves time and

money!!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shWrzvNGLdw Cruise ship going through locks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB3tfM7ISgY new locks 2min

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUh9aLwR3Cc 4min show this one first!

BUILDING THE CANAL

Thousands of West Indian Laborers

T.R. visits the Canal Zone

• Rather than emphasizing military force, Taft looked to increase American investments $$$ in plantations, mines, and railroads.

In 1909, William Howard Taft became President. He replaced the “big stick,” which was unpopular among Latin Americans, with

“dollar diplomacy.”

• Taft also used dollar diplomacy in China to build railroads.

What was President Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy?”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNn48EFgybM Disney Bio 3min

President,

Woodrow

Wilson

proclaimed a

new policy of

“moral diplomacy” in

1913.

1. Supported human rights and national integrity rather

than U.S. self-interest

2. Stated that the U.S. needed

to be a friend even when it was not in our best interests

3. Promised the U.S. would

“never again seek one

additional foot of territory” by conquest.”

4. Wanted to

encourage

democracy!

What was President Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy?”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Y78EBR

qN4 all three 5.30min

U.S. Interventions in Latin America

U.S. Imperialism: Open Door - Big Stick – Dollar - Moral Diplomacy

Big Stick

Diplomacy(Roosevelt)

Dollar

Diplomacy(Taft)

Moral

Diplomacy(Wilson)

Open Door

Policy(McKinley)

All four of the presidents listed above wanted to get

involved in global markets for strategic and economic

purposes. President McKinley sought to tap into the Asian

consumer market, President Roosevelt wanted to demonstrate

U.S. power to other countries, President Taft wanted to be more

subtle and use the dollar, and President Wilson wanted to use

U.S. military and economic power to encourage countries to

adopt democratic principles.

U.S. Imperialism: Open Door - Big Stick – Dollar - Moral Diplomacy

Big Stick

Diplomacy(Roosevelt)

Dollar

Diplomacy(Taft)

Moral

Diplomacy(Wilson)

Open Door

Policy(McKinley)

“The U.S. and all European powers

should share

trading rights with

China, respecting its sovereignty”

“The U.S. should

speak softly and

carry a big stick,

acting as a sort of world police

service”

“The U.S. should

invest in countries

instead of getting in wars”

“The U.S. should

only aid

countries that

share our moral

and democratic vision”

Ch

ina