Kelompok :Kelompok :1. 1.

Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbonReaksi senyawa hidrokarbon

Reaksi oksidasiReaksi oksidasi Reaksi substitusiReaksi substitusi Reaksi adisiReaksi adisi Reaksi eliminasiReaksi eliminasi Reaksi polimerisasiReaksi polimerisasi

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1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi

CHCH33-CH-CH33 + + 3/2 3/2 OO22 → → 22CC + 3H + 3H22OO

CHCH22=CH=CH22 ++ 22 O O22 → → 22C C + 2H+ 2H22OO

CH CH≡CH CH≡ + + 1/21/2 O O22 2→ 2→ CC + H + H22OO

CHCH33-CH-CH33 + + 7/27/2 O O22 → → 2C2COO22 + 3H + 3H22OO

CHCH22=CH=CH22 ++ 33 O O22 → → 2C2COO22 + 2H + 2H22OO

CH CH≡CH CH≡ + + 5/25/2 O O22 2C→ 2C→ OO22 + H + H22OO

2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana

CHCH44 + Cl + Cl22 CH→ CH→ 33Cl + HClCl + HCl

CHCH33-CH-CH33 +Cl +Cl22 →→ CHCH33-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl

CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + Cl + Cl22 CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl

CCnnHH2n+22n+2 + X + X22 C→ C→ nnHH2n+12n+1X + HXX + HX

3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna

a. Adisi hidrogena. Adisi hidrogen

CH2= CH2 + H2 CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt CH3-CH3 CH3-CH3

CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH3

CH CH + H2 ≡CH CH + H2 ≡ Ni/PtNi/Pt CH2=CH2CH2=CH2

CH CH≡CH CH≡ + 2H2 + 2H2 Ni/PtNi/Pt 200200˚̊cc CH3-CH3CH3-CH3

b. Adisi halogenb. Adisi halogen CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2BR-CH2Br→ CH2BR-CH2Br→ etena dibromoetanaetena dibromoetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3→CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3→ 2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana

CHCH≡≡CH + Br2 CH + Br2 CHBr=CHBr→ CHBr=CHBr→ etuna dibromoetenaetuna dibromoetena

CHCH≡≡ CH+ 2Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2→ CH+ 2Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2→ etuna tetrabromoetanaetuna tetrabromoetana

CHCH≡≡C-CH3 + Br2 C-CH3 + Br2 CHBr=CBr-CH3→ CHBr=CBr-CH3→ propuna 1,2-dibromopropenapropuna 1,2-dibromopropena

CHCH≡≡C-CH3 + C-CH3 + 2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3→2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3→ propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropanapropuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana

c. Adisi asam halidac. Adisi asam halidaAlkena simetrisAlkena simetris

CHCH22=CH=CH22 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22ClCl etena kloroetanaetena kloroetana

CHCH33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH33

2-butena 2-klorobutana2-butena 2-klorobutana

CH CH + HCl ≡CH CH + HCl ≡ CH→ CH→ 22=CHCl=CHCl etuna kloroetena etuna kloroetena (vinilklorida)(vinilklorida)

CHCH33-C C-CH≡-C C-CH≡ 33 + HCl + HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CH=CCl-CH-CH=CCl-CH33

2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena

Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetrisAturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetris

CHCH33-CH=CH-CH=CH22 + HCl + HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22ClCl % <<<<< % <<<<<

→ → CHCH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH33

% >>>>>% >>>>>

CHCH33-CH= CH-CH-CH= CH-CH22 -CH -CH33 + HCl + HCl → CH→ CH33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33

% <<<<< % <<<<<

→ → CHCH33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33

% >>>>>% >>>>>

d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkunad. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkuna

CHCH22=CH=CH22 + + 2SO4H2SO4H22O O HH 300˚C 70 Atm 300˚C 70 Atm CHCH33-CH-CH22OHOH etena etanoletena etanol

CH CH + H≡CH CH + H≡ 22O O H2SO4 60˚CH2SO4 60˚C CHCH33-CHO-CHO etuna etanaletuna etanal

4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana

CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2

C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4

5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna

CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 +…… CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 +…… -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-→ -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-→ etena polietenaetena polietena

CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl +…… CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl +…… -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-→ -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-→ kloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilkloridakloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilklorida

Substitusi halogen pada alkanaSubstitusi halogen pada alkana

CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + Cl + Cl22 CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22Cl + HClCl + HCl propana kloropropana propana kloropropana

Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkunaAdisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna

CHCH3-3-CHCH22=CH=CH2-2-CHCH33 + Cl + Cl22 →→ CH CH33CHCH22Cl-CHCl-CH22Cl-CH3 Cl-CH3 etena 2,3-diklorobutanaetena 2,3-diklorobutana

CH CH33-C C-CH≡-C C-CH≡ 3 3 + H+ H2 2 CH→ CH→ 33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH33 2-butuna 2-butena2-butuna 2-butena

CHCH33-C C-CH≡-C C-CH≡ 33 + 2 H+ 2 H22 CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH332-butuna butana2-butuna butana

Adisi asam halida pada alkenaAdisi asam halida pada alkena

CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33 3-heksena 3-kloroheksana3-heksena 3-kloroheksana

== CHCH33-CH-CH22-CH-CH22-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33

3-kloroheksana3-kloroheksana

CHCH33-CH=CH-CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH22-CH-CH33

2-pentena 2-kloropentena2-pentena 2-kloropentena

CHCH22=CH-CH=CH-CH22-CH-CH33 + HCl + HCl CH→ CH→ 33-CHCl-CH-CHCl-CH22-CH-CH33 1-butena 2-klorobutena1-butena 2-klorobutena

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