real-time simulation of electric power systems and
TRANSCRIPT
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Real-time Simulation of Electric Power Systems and Development of a Cyber-Physical Testbed at the New York Power Authority
University of Nevada Reno (UNR)IEEE IAS and PES UNR Student Chapters
IEEE Section of Northern Nevada
March 18, 2021
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Overview
• About NYPA and NY electric energy landscape
• AGILe Lab background and capabilities
• Real-time simulation applications
• Cyber-Physical systems testing
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NYPA Overview• Established by the NY State Legislature in 1931.
• Largest state public electric utility in the United States.
• Wholesale power supplier throughout New York State and neighboring states as required by law.
• Provides, with generation and power purchases, about 25% of New York State’s electricity. No Distribution System
• 2019 Net Generation: 30.2 million MWh; 80% hydro; 20% gas/oil
• Transmission lines: 1,400+ circuit miles; 115kV, 230kV, 345kV & 765kV
• Non-profit energy corporation, does not use tax revenues or state credits, finances projects through bond sales and cash from operations
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NYPA Overview – Generation Assets❑ Niagara Power Project ~2,675 MW
❑ St. Lawrence Power Project
~800 MW
❑ Blenheim-Gilboa
~1,160 MW
❑ Flynn Power Plant
~167 MW
❑ Astoria CC Plant
~500 MW
❑ Small Hydro Plants
~83 MW
❑ Small Clean Power Plants
~461 MW
Generation Assets ~ 6 GW
-16 hydro and natural gas
generation plants
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NYPA Overview – Transmission Assets❑ 765 kV Transmission
~155 circuit miles
❑ 345 kV Transmission
~928 circuit miles
❑ 230 kV Transmission
~338 circuit miles
❑ 115 kV Transmission
~35 circuit miles
❑ Total Transmission
~1,456 circuit miles
❑ Bulk Transmission Substations
21 substations
❑ Portion of Bulk NYS Grid
~13% (>115kV)
~34% (>230kV)
Transmission Assets
~ 1,400 circuit miles
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New York State Generation AssetsTotal NY Generation Assets ~ 40.2 GW Total NY Generated Energy (2019) ~ 134,536 GWh
Source: NY Independent System Operator
Over 700 generating units throughout the state owned by
a large number of independent power producers
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New York State Energy Goals and InitiativesBuilding a clean, resilient, and affordable energy system for all New Yorkers
70% renewables
3,000 MW of
energy storage
100% carbon-
free electricity
6,000 MW of solar
185 trillion BTU
energy use reduction
9,000 MW of
offshore wind
85% greenhouse gas
emissions reduction
2025 2030 2035 2040 2050
New York’s Low- to No-Carbon Future – State-Level Targets
• Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA)
• Reforming the Energy Vision
• New York Energy Plan
• New York Energy Highway
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THE ADVANCED GRID INNOVATION LABORATORY FOR ENERGY (AGILe)
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The Advanced Grid Innovation Laboratory for Energy (AGILe)Collaboratively enabling an affordable, reliable, low-carbon future
AGILe Partnerships
Developerse.g. Equipment Manufacturers,
Software Developers,
Start-ups
Other Funderse.g. Industry Companies,
Vendors, Consulting Firms
Sponsoring Organizations
e.g. NYPA, EPRI, NYS TOs
Collaboratorse.g. Utilities, Universities,
US DOE, US DHS, Nat. Labs
Strategice.g. NYISO,
NYSERDA, DPS
Bringing together industry stakeholders to evaluate integrated grid solutions for a clean energy future and accelerate development and adoption of new technologies
Advanced T&D
Applications
Cybersecurity
Power Electronic
Controls
Advanced
Sensors
Grid Automation
Advanced Modeling and
Simulation with Real-Time
Hardware/Software-in-the-loop
Capabilities
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AGILe Vision and Value
Uses actual data and models to provide realistic and flexible T&D test beds to accelerate development, adoption, and commercialization of new technologies
Presents both an industry and academic collaborative environment to leverage technical capabilities and expertise from diverse participants
Offers “one-stop” testing and demonstration facility for developers and vendors for pilot deployment opportunities in New York
Utilizes a variety of powerful modeling and simulation tools for specialized grid studies such as integration of large-scale and distributed renewable resources, deployment of energy storage, and operation of microgrids
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Key AGILe Capabilities
End-to-end grid modeling and real-time simulation
Hardware/software-in-the-loop equipment testing for digital substation automation and control
Simulation of communication systems and cyber security events
Economic analysis and evaluation of technical solutions
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Real-time vs. Offline SimulationOffline Simulation Real-Time Simulation
Simulation runs irrespectively of the evolution of actual time The computer model runs at the same rate as the actual physical system and the simulation is executed at the same rate as actual time evolves
Simulation can run slower (typically) or faster than real time.1 second of simulation duration might take 1 minute to complete.
Simulation runs exactly as fast are real time evolves.1 second of simulation duration takes exactly 1 second to complete.
Simulation time steps do not need to be synchronized to a clock. Computation time need at each time step may vary.
Simulation time steps need to be properly synchronized with real time.Computation time needed at each time step should be less than the actual time step in duration.
Simulation could support variable time steps. Time step selection does not depend on the model (except for accuracy and numerical stability considerations).
Time steps are typically fixed and are restricted to values that are able tosupport real time operation. There is a close relation between model complexity and achievable time simulation steps.
Typically runs on regular desktop/laptop computers Requires specialized multi-core, parallel computing architectures
Typically simulation runs in isolation with limited interaction with external equipment and devices. Data are typically exchanged after completion of a simulation.
The simulated models can interact with external equipment, devices, and people in a similar way as the actual physical system.
Typically used as design and analysis tool. Typically used as the equivalent of a “flight simulator”
EMTP, PSCAD, PSSE, PSLF, Powerworld, DIgSILENT RTDS, Opal-RT, Typhoon HIL
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Applications of Real-Time Simulation• Real-time model of the power grid
• Software-in-the-loop (SIL) testing
• Interfacing a software module with the grid
• Real-time simulators support various communication
protocols
• Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing
• Interfacing actual control hardware or other equipment
with the grid
• Analog signal exchanges or digital communications
• Allows for testing under realistic field conditions and under
conditions unavailable on real plant, such as extreme
events testing
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AGILe Use CasesEquipment Configuration and Testing
•Test equipment in realistic field conditions
•Validate the performance of novel technologies
Novel System Protection Schemes
•Validate protective relaying behavior and settings
•De-risk novel protection schemes
Digital Substation
•Create replicas of substation intelligent electronic devices
•Perform closed-loop testing using communication protocols
Distribution Automation and DERMS
•Simulate the performance of distribution automation system
•Integrate distributed energy resources and storage
Cyber Security
•Create testbeds used for tabletop exercises
•Evaluate and test intrusion detection and mitigation schemes
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Development of NY Grid Real-Time Model
AGILe Lab
Model Database
Real-Time Simulators and
Applications/Use Cases
Planning Studies Models
Short-Circuit Studies
Models
Physical Equipment
Models
Existing grid model data Additional equipment data
Modeling of
special
components
Substation Data
Model
management
tools
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Protective Relaying Testing
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Travelling Wave Protection Demonstration
Issue under study
• Proposed installation of traveling-wave relays for fault location on two NYPA transmission lines
• Evaluation of performance prior to field installation
Approach
• Perform hardware-in-the-loop simulation testing with the actual relaying equipment and a model of the proposed device under different fault conditions to evaluate performance
Benefits
• Verify device operation and performance of traveling wave scheme for relaying operation and fault location
• Identify potential limitation prior to field installation
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Advanced Power Flow Controller – Line
Protection StudyIssue under study
• Proposed installation of power flow control device on a NYPA transmission line
• Impact of planned controller installation on the line protection scheme
Approach
• Perform hardware-in-the-loop simulation testing with the actual relaying equipment and a model of the proposed device under different fault conditions to evaluate performance
Benefits
• Identify and resolve potential relay settings issues prior to field installation
• Verify device operation and performance in conjunction with relaying equipment
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Co-Simulation of Transmission and Distribution
Grids for DER integration
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Cyber-Physical Testbed Components
Virtual Grid
Communications Network
Cyber Assets Monitoring Systems
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Modeling of NYPA Communications Network
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Cyber Security Capabilities and Current Work
• DoS Attack• Eavesdropping Attack• Wireless Jamming Attack• Modify Packets Attack• Network Scanning Attack• Port Scanning Attack• Signal Intelligence Attach• Virus Attack
Network Monitoring and Intrusion Detection
Emulation Software Small-Scale Substation Testbeds
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Cyber Security Capabilities and Current Work
IEC 61850 (R-GOOSE)
PMU Data
LAN Ethernet Switch
IEC 61850 - SV
Relay/PMU/RTU
Data Concentrator
Point-on-wave Data
GOOSE Messages
IEEE C37.118
Closed-loop control action
Control center application(e.g. wide-area control)
Communication Network Emulator
Simulator Hardware
Communication Channel Model
Simulated Attack Scenarios
Analog voltage/current signalsfrom instrument transformers
SCADA Traffic
Real-Time Power Grid Simulator
NY Grid Model CT/PT ModelSimulator Hardware
Modbus/DNP3
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George StefopoulosDirector, Advanced Grid Innovation Lab for Energy (AGILe)
New York Power Authority914-287-3857
Discussion