Reconstruction

• The re-uniting of the Nation after the Civil War.

President Lincoln’s PlanPresident Lincoln’s Plan10% Plan

* Pardon to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers.

* southern states could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

13th Amendment13th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865.

Outlaws slavery forever in the United States

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Designed to help freedmen

(former slaves).

Distribute food and supplies, establish schools, and redistribute additional confiscated land to former slaves

White and black Republicans came to the South to run the Freedmen’s Bureau (carpetbaggers)

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Plenty to eat and

nothing to do.

President Andrew Johnson

President Andrew JohnsonBecame President after

Lincoln’s death.

Wanted to make it easy for Southern states to rejoin the Union.

President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)

President Johnson’s Plan (10%+)Offered amnesty upon simple oath to all

except… Confederate civil and military officers and those with property over $20,000.

Appointed governors in Confederate states.

Growing Northern Alarm!

Growing Northern Alarm! Johnson’s plan was unpopular

with some Northerners because it didn’t punish the South.

Johnson wasn’t well liked by Congressional Republicans because he had owned slaves in the past.

Black CodesBlack Codes Laws passed to keep former slaves from being successful

Purpose:

* Keep blacks poor and dependent on whites.

Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtXSuC0NImA

Congress Breaks with the President

Congress Breaks with the President

February, 1866 Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau bill.

March, 1866 Johnsonvetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act.

Civil Rights Act of 1866 protected the rights of blacks.

Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes 1st in U. S. history!!

14th Amendment14th AmendmentRatified in July, 1868.

* Provides citizenship to former slaves.

* Extends rights to former slaves

Southern states would be punished for denying the rights to black citizens!

Radical Plan for Readmission

Radical Plan for Readmission Military would oversee Reconstruction.

Required new state constitutions, includingblack suffrage and ratification of the 13th and 14th Amendments.

President Johnson’s Impeachment

President Johnson’s Impeachment The House impeached Johnson by a

vote of 126 – 47!

The Senate TrialThe Senate Trial

Johnson acquitted (not guilty)35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote).

15th Amendment15th Amendment Ratified in 1870.

Grants the right to vote to former slaves (males only) over 21.

Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!