redd preparation in indonesia wahjudi wardojo
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REDD Preparation in Indonesia Wahjudi Wardojo. Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA) Ministry of Forestry, INDONESIA. FOREST IN INDONESIA. 57. 53 M ha (47 %). Source : Forest Planning Agency, MoF (2006 ). home of mega biological diversity,. one of the custodians - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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REDD Preparation in Indonesia
Wahjudi Wardojo
Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA)Ministry of Forestry, INDONESIA
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FOREST IN INDONESIA
Source : Forest Planning Agency, MoF (2006)
57. 53 M ha (47 %)
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home of mega biological diversity,
one of the custodians of global peat land
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source of income and
other customary uses
for forest communities
employed around 5.4% of the country’s labor force, in early 1990s
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BASIC POLICIES OF FOREST MANAGEMENT
• Based on Forestry Law (1999) and Conservation of Biodiversity Law (1990)
• Accommodating Philosophy of Eco Centrism and Anthropo Centrism
• Balancing between Sustainable Forest Management and Development Purposes
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Deforestation rate
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1985-1997 1997-2000 2000-2005
Time period
Mill
ion
ha/
year
Expansion plantation for pulp /paper industry
and estate crops (oil palm, rubber, cocoa)
Economic crisis &
Decentralization euphoria
Moratorium on forest conversion, reduced AAC,
law enforcement, improved forest management
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Natural Forest Condition in 1980s
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Natural Forest Condition in 2000
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UNDERLYING CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION
• Poor Governance at all Pillars: Government, Business, and Community Sectors
• Government e.g.: Ineffective law enforcement and control, insufficient participation and transparency, and ineffective forest management
• Business e.g. : rent seeking behavior
• Community e.g.: lack of institution capb
• Low global and regional commitments
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FORESTRY SECTOR POLICY: FIVE PRIORITY POLICIES AND PROGRAMS (2004-2009)
• Combating illegal logging
• Forest & land rehabilitation and forest conservation
• Forestry sector restructuring through enhancement of timber plantation and wood-based industries
• Community empowerment Community forest)
• Securing forest land (strengthening the legal status of state forest land)
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REDD• Some 18% of GHG are caused by deforestation
• Climate regime does not yet provide developing countries with necessary funding to address it
• Participation in reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) is voluntary
• Indonesia is interested to participate in REDD
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Forest and Global Challenges• We are facing two big challenges: climate change and food,
energy, water scarcity (FEWS)
• In the context of climate change, forest can be as sink and source
• Forests need to adapt impact on climate change
• In the context of FEWS, forests could play important roles in solving this scarcity
• However, forests could also be threatened by this problems as demand for land will be significantly increase
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Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA)• MoF experts, other government
officials, CSOs, academician, national and International researchers;
• Financial and technical support from Australian Government, GTZ; UK-DfID, WB
• Kick-off meeting July 2007 followed by studies, national workshops, public consultation
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Indonesia REDD (REDDI) Road Map
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
20072008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Post
2012
COP 13
Preparation Phase
- Design Fine Tuning- System Establishment- Pilot Design
* Analysis (Architecture and Strategies)* Communication/ Coordination/Consultations
Carbon-Finance (Pilots)
- Pilot /demonstration activities- Testing- Knowledge Management
Full Implementation of
REDD
Workshop, SBSTA, UNFCCC, G8, Etc.
COP14COP13 COP15
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KEY ELEMENTS of REDDI
• Emissions reference (baseline)• Strategies to reduce emissions and to ensure their permanence• Monitoring and verifying emissions reduction, and preventing leakage• REDD market/ financing• Payment distribution (mechanism and management)
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FIVE KEY SECTORS WERE EXAMINED
• Natural Production Forest
• Protected Area Management
• Industrial Forest Plantation
• Forests and Peat lands, and
• Forest Conversion to Oil Palm
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Basic Criteria for the Selection of Pilot/Demonstration Activities
• Availability of Information• Biophysical Variation e.g. deep peat, and high
carbon stocks• Level of Threat, e.g. fire, encroachment,
unplanned deforestation.• Social Equity pro-poor dimension• Economic Variability• Tenure : clarity over rights in land and forest• Governance
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Monitoring & Verifying EmissionsParameters to be monitored:• Change in forest cover: using remote sensing
technique • Change in carbon stock: field measurement
and modeling• Base line: National, sub-national, or project-
based ?• National base line: generate larger financial
flows and reduce overall risk, but involve higher transaction costs and greater inefficiencies
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Financing and Market
•Fund-based Financing, through bilateral and multilateral cooperation•Voluntary-based Financing, from CSO, and Private Sectors •Market form of REDD is still uncertain•It is expected to be large market for large forest in Indonesia
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Payment DistributionThe existing institutions should be strengthened to:• receive and distribute fund• track emission reduction credits • adjust existing laws• enforce law and resolve disputes• ensure achievement in emission reduction• handle contract and logistic• to organize internal distribution mechanism
A need to address rights, responsibilities and authority between local, national, and independent entities for sale and payment distribution
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CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Indonesia forests play significant roles for social, economic, as well as environmental purposes for the national and global benefits.
• Forest land use planning allocates forest areas into conservation, production as well as convertible forests for development purposes in a balanced way.
• REDD mechanism offers options to reduce emissions from deforestation , and opportunity to receive benefits on the basis of carbon credits saved
• Indonesia is ready to implement REDD demonstration activities and share the result for further negotiation.
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