ref:- urban water supply & sanitation project credit 4292- et … · 2016. 7. 13. · e3007 v2....

- AUG 2010

orld Bank( ddis Ababa

Ref:- Urban Water Supply & Sanitation Project Credit 4292- ET Grant H287-ET

Subject: ESIA Study Report of Hawassa Water Supply & Sanitation Project

Attached here with please find Draft final Environmental & Social Impact Assessment

Study Report of HawassaTown Water Supply and Sanitation Project for your comments.

Best Regards

-Yohannes G/Medheiiie 2rand Sanilation r)utFrŽot- :

Directorcc

* Directorate, Water Supply & Sanitation (W

* N-WaSH Coordination Office (Without Encl.)* WSSP Coordination Focal Person (IDA-DFID Supported) (witn Encl.)

Ministry Of Water Resources

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wb406484Typewritten TextE3007 v2

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIAMINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

HAWASSA TOWN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT

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SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHASPRING DEVELOPMENT

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August, 2010

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................... PAGE

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................... IVLIST OF FIGURES ..................................................... IVLIST OF PHOTOS ...................................................... IVABBREVIATIONS ...................................................... VIEXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................. I1. INTRODUCTION ................................................... 11

1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................... 111.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA ............................ 111.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY ....................................... 12

1.3.1 Review of Relevant Studies, Policies and Legal Documents .................................. 12

1.3.2 Field Surveys and Data Collection ................................ 12

1.3.3 Water Quality Analysis ........................................ 131.3.4 Stakeholders Consultations ..................................... 13

1.3.5 Use of Relevant Data Generated by other Disciplines .................. 131.3.6 Impact Analysis and Development of Mitigation Plan ................... 13

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ................................... 142 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION ............................... 15

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................... 152.2 PROPOSED WATER SOURCE ................................... 162.3 WATER YIELD OF THE PROPOSED SOURCE ........................ 162.4 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ....................... 17

2.4.1 Access Road ................................................................................................................... 182.4.2 Capping Structures ........................................... 182.4.3 Transmission main Line ....................................... 182.4.4 Service Reservoir ........................................... 19

2.4.5 Cattle Trough and Washing Basin ................................ 192.4.6 Auxiliary Buildings ...........................................20

3 REVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK PERTINENT TO SEIA ........ 213.1 RELEVANT NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATAGIES ...................213.2 REVIEW OF WORLD BANK EA POLICIES ........................... 233.3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES ...................... 263.4 ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATIONS .....................27

3.4.1 The Constitution of Ethiopia .................................... 273.4.2 Proclamation on Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs ........283.4.3 Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment ...................283.4.4 Proclamation on Environmental Pollution Control ..................... 283.4.5 Proclamation on Ethiopian Water Resources Management .............. 283.4.6 Proclamation on Expropriation of Land Holdings and Payment of Compensation

.......................................................................................................................................... 293.4.7 Proclamation on Rural Land Administration and Use ................... 293.4.8 SNNPRS Rural Land Use and Administration Proclamation .............. 303.4.9 Public Health Proclamation, Proclamation No. 200/2000 ................ 303.4.10 Proclamation on Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage .......... 313.4.11 Establishment of EPLAUA of SNNPR .............................. 313.4.12 Regulations on Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings

Expropriated for Public Purposes ................................. 323.5 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................. 32

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3.5.1 Federal and Regional Administration .............................. 32

3.5.2 National Environmental Protection Authority ......................... 323.5.3 Sectoral Environmental Units ................................... 333.5.4 Regional Environmental Agencies ................................ 33

3.6 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ................................. 343.6.1 Convention on Biological Diversity ................................ 343.6.2 Framework Convention on Climate Change ......................... 343.6.3 The Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer ............ 343.6.4 The United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertlification .............. 343.6.5 The Basel Convention ........................................ 35

3.6.6 The Stockholm Convention ..................................... 353.6.7 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora.35

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION ............................ 364.1 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE PROJECT AREA ........................... 364.2 CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY .................................... 364.3 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY ................................ 374.4 SOILS .................................................... 384.5 LAND USE OF THE PROJECT AREA ............................... 394.6 FLORA AND FAUNA WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA .................... 39

4.6.1 Flora .................................................... 39

4.6.2 Fauna ................................................... 40

4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF HAWASSA TOWN ...................... 414.7.1 Population................................................... 414.7.2 Economic Conditions ............................................ 424.7.3 Education.................................................... 434.7.4 Health Conditions .............................................. 444.7.5 .Existing Water Supply and Sanitation Service .......................... 45

4.7.5.1 Existing Water Supply Service ................................. 454.7.5.2 Sanitation at the Project Area ................................. 46

4.7.6 Water Quality of the Proposed Springs .............................. 465 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ....................................... 51

5.1 ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES ................................ 515.1.1 Constructing Dam .............................................. 515.1.2 Ground water Source ........................................... 515.1.3 Developing springs ............................................. 51

6. PROJECT AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS PROFILE ........................... 527. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES ........ 53

7.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS 537.1.1 Increases Water Supply Coverage of the Town ....................... 537.1.2 Improves Health and Sanitation Conditions .......................... 53

7.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS.......................................... 547.2.1 Private and Organization Owned Houses ........................... 557.2.2 Fences................................................... 567.2.3 Perennial Trees............................................. 567.2.4 Water Storage Basin of Hawassa Fibre Factory ...................... 567.2.5 Crop Land................................................. 577.2.6 Impacts due to the Construction of Water Transmission and Distribution Lines.. 597.2.7 Interest of Local community on the Use of the Proposed Water Source ......607.2.8 Flora..................................................... 617.2.9 Fauna.................................................... 627.2.10 Soil Erosion................................................ 62

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7.2.11 Rock fall and Landslides ....................................... 637.2.12 Downstream Flow and Environmental Water Demand .................. 647.2.13 Sites of Archaeological, Cultural or Religious Value .................... 657.2.14 Ambient Air Quality .......................................... 667.2.15 Noise and Vibration .......................................... 66

8. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ........................................... 678.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS DURING THE SEIA PROCESS ............... 678.2 GOV'S POLICY ON COMMUNITY CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ... 678.3 THE CONSULTATION PROCESS ................................. 678.4 METHODOLOGY FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...................... 688.5 CONSULTATION WITH WONDO WEREDA ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS ... 688.6 CONSULTATION WITH SHASHE KAKELE KEBELE ADMINISTRATION

OFFICIALS AND COMMUNITY ELDERS ............................. 708.7 CONSULTATIONS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS AT THE PROPOSED

SERVICE RESERVOIR AREA .................................... 718.8 CONSULTATIONS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS OF SHIRE BORRORA

KEBELE AND SOME NOMADS ................................... 728.9 CONSULTATIONS WITH GOVERNMENTAL AND NONGOVERNMENTAL

OFFICES IN HAWASSA ........................................ 738.10 PROJECT DISCLOSURE ........................................ 75

9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ................. 769.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................... 76

9.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase ....................................... 769.1.2 Construction Phase .......................................... 769.1.3 Commissioning Phase of the Construction Work ...................... 779.1.4 Project Operation Phase .......................................77

9.1.4.1 Water Quality Management at Source ........................... 789.1.4.2 Water Quality Management at Transmission and Distribution System ............. 789.1.4.3 Protection of Spring Source and Tree Plantation .................................................. 79

9.2 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ........................... 859.3 CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING .............................. 899.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND

TRAINING COST ............................................. 9010. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................... 91

10.1 CONCLUSION ............................................... 9110.2 10.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................... 91REFERENCES ...................................................... 93ANNEXES 94

ANNEX I LIST OF CONSULTED PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS ................ 94ANNEX 2 WEREDA LEVEL FOCUS GROUP MEETINGS AND CONSULTATIONS ....... 95ANNEX 3 KEBELE LEVEL FOCUS GROUP MEETINGS AND CONSULTATIONS ...... 102

ANNEX 4 CHECKLIST FOR THE DATA COLLECTION AND IMPACT IDENTIFICATION OFTHE AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ......................... 107

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DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWlJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

ABBREVIATIONS

ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Heritage

CSA Central Statistic Agency

EA Environmental Assessment

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

EPLAUA Environmental Protection Land Administration and Utilization Authority

ESIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

GOV Government

IEC Information Education Communication

IRE Immediate Rehabilitation and Expansion

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developrrient

NGOs Nongovernmental Organizations

OSHO Oromo Self Help Organization

PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty

PET Potential Evapo Transpiration

REA Regional Environmental Authority

SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program

SEIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment

SEMP Socio-Environmental Management Plan

SNNPRS Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State

ToR Terms of Reference

TSP Total Suspended Particulates

WB World Bank

WHO World Health Organization

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Screening and classification of the proposed project ....................... 25Table 2: List of birds encountered during the site visit ............................. 40Table 3: Hawassa city population's census result, 2007 ........................... 41Table 4: Projected population of Hawassa Town for the year 2007 - 2020 .............. 42Table 5: Major business activities at Hawassa town .............................. 43Table 6: Number of students .............................................. 44Table 7: Hawassa City Administration Students' Enrolment ......................... 44Table 8: Ten Top Diseases as registered by Hawassa City Health Centre .............. 44Table 9: Water Quality Data of the Proposed Springs Vs WHO Drinking Water QualityGuidelines ........................................................................................... 47Table 11: Estimate Compensation for Affected Houses and Utilities ................... 55Table 12: Affected Fences and estimated compensation cost ....................... 56Table 13: Affected perennial trees and estimated compensation cost .................. 56Table 14: Affected Crop Land and Compensation Estimate ......................... 57Table 15: Impact of Transmission and Distribution Pipeline ......................... 60Table 16: Proposed Quantity of Water for Downstream Ecosystern and Water Supply ...... 65Table 17: Summary of socio-environmental management Plan (SEMP) ................ 81Table 18: Socio-Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................. 86Table 19: Cost Estimate for the Proposed Training ............................... 89Table 20: summary of Estimated Cost for Environmental Mitigatic,n, Management, Monitoringand training ........................................................................................... 90

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Map of Hawassa City Administration .................................. 15Figure 2: Map shows location of the proposed springs and reservoir sites ............... 17Figure 3: Soil Map of the Project Area ........................................ 38Figure 4: Projected Population of Hawassa .................................... 42Figure 5: Major Cations and Anions of then Proposed Cold Springs ................... 48Figure 6: Chemical Composition of Cold and Hot Springs at the Proposed Project Area ..... 48

LIST OF PHOTOS

Photo 1: Ambowuha spring capped (left) and Hot spring near to the Ambowuha spring (right) 16Photo 2: Constructed access road (left); stone boulders at the upstream of the spring area(right) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18Photo 3: The proposed service reservoir site at Eredo hill--------------------------------------------- 19Photo 4: Herd of cattle is waiting in queue to drink from Shallo spring (left), while cattle andpeople are competing for the same Shallo spring (right) ----------------------------------------------- 20Photo 5: Wet well one (Left) and Wet well two (Right) are under construction-------------------- 20Photo 6: Overview of the Proposed Spring Source Area----------------------------------------------- 36Photo 7: Irrigation farm at the left side of the Ambo spring (left) and Cheleleka wetland belowthe proposed Spring (right) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39Photo 8: Acacia Abyssinia dominant tree species found at the foot of the escarpment--------- 39Photo 9: Degraded area at the upstream of the Ambowuha spring which requires conservationwork----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41Photo 10: Type of Houses situated at the proposed service reservoir area ----------------------- 55Photo 11: Water basin of the Hawassa Fibre factory near the proposed service reservoir'sconstruction area------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57

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DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Photo 12: Irrigation plot nearby Tunto Spring -------------------------------------------------------------- 58

Photo 13: Portion of the proposed water transmission pipeline's area serving for grazing ------ 59

Photo 14: Consultation with Wondo Wereda officials at the office of the Wereda Administrator 69

Photo 15: Water Problem around Shashemene Town at the upstream of the proposed springs------------- ------------------------------------------- 69

Photo 16: Consultation with ShasheKekele Kebele officials and community members under tree

shade ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70

Photo 17: Consultation with ShasheKekele Kebele council members in the Kebele Administratoroffice ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71

Photo 18: consultation with residents at the proposed reservoir site-------------------------------- 71

Photo 19: Discussion with the residents of the proposed reservoir area --------------------------- 72

Photo 20: Consultations with some farmers and nomads around Shallo spring------------------ 73

Photo 21: People use the same spring for drinking, washing clothes and cattle watering (left)and queuing of cattle for watering (right) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 73

Photo 22: Head of Land Use and Environmental Protection of the Southern Region explain the

future threat on Cheleleka swamp and Lake Hawassa ------------------------------------------------- 74

Photo 23: Office of ELORA Agro Industries P.L.C. (left), Greenhouse of JITTU HorticultureP.L.C (right) --.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75

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ABBREVIATIONS

ARCCH Authority for Research and Conservation of Heritage

CSA Central Statistic Agency

EA Environmental Assessment

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

EPLAUA Environmental Protection Land Administration and Utilization Authority

ESIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

GOV Government

IEC Information Education Communication

IRE Immediate Rehabilitation and Expansion

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Developmient

NGOs Nongovernmental Organizations

OSHO Oromo Self Help Organization

PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty

PET Potential Evapo Transpiration

REA Regional Environmental Authority

SDPRP Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program

SEIA Socio-Environmental Impact Assessment

SEMP Socio-Environmental Management Plan

SNNPRS Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State

ToR Terms of Reference

TSP Total Suspended Particulates

WB World Bank

WHO World Health Organization

vi


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Es.1.1 BACKGROUND

Hawassa town is the capital city of SNNPRS. It is located at the southern part of thecountry at about 275 km away from Addis Ababa. The town is currently in critical shortageof water supply that requires urgent interventions. The existing supply is from Kedo River,several boreholes and springs with small yield per second. The major supply sources weredesigned to cover water demand of the population residing in the old area of the town.However, with the sworn of Hawassa to be capital of the SNNPR, the town showed rapiddevelopment and growth in all social, economic, political and cultural spheres. Remarkableinvestment works in industries, housing, education, access roads, tourist resorts and othermarketing infrastructures and services have been undertaken in recent years and muchmore are in progress.

Contrarily, the magnitude of water supply problems are increasing whilst new constructionworks for residential houses, condominiums and business activities are expanding in thetown. To satisfy the current and long-term water demand of the town, the Hawassa WaterSupply Enterprise has proposed different sources. Out of these sources, development ofAmbowuha, Tunto and Shallo springs (collectively known as Ambowuha springs) is one ofthe immediate solutions to solve the short-term demand of the town. Developing thesprings are expected to add about 55 I/s into the existing water supply system of the town.

The concern of this SEIA study is to identify any adverse socio-environmental impactsrelated to the development and operation of these springs and to propose mitigationmeasures for the adverse impacts and enhancement measures for beneficiary impacts. Itis also aimed to prepare socio-environmental management and monitoring plan that isgoing to be implemented during the construction and operation phases of the project.

Es.1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA

The project proponent and financer proposed SEIA study as one component of the project.The main objectives of the SEIA study as stated in the TOR is to assess, identify andmitigate the potential adverse and localized environmental and social impacts of HawassaTown Water Supply Project. It is intended to ensure that the planned water supply schemeis environmentally sustainable, socially acceptable and will not cause serious adverseenvironmental and social impacts.

The scope of the SEIA includes:

* Review of relevant policies, legislations and institutional framework related toenvironmental matters;

* Description of the baseline condition of the project area including environmentalcomponents that will be affected by or will affect the proposed project;

* Collecting, analyzing and evaluating water quality of the proposed source tocheck its fitness for drinking purpose;

* Identification and evaluation of the potential socio-environmental impacts arisingfrom implementation of the proposed water supply project and its subsequentoperation; and impact of existing environment on the project;

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


* Proposing appropriate/suitable avoidance or mitigation measures to protect asfar as possible the environment from adverse impacts; and

* Development of appropriate socio-environmental management and monitoringplan, which will ensure that mitigation measures are fully adopted.

Es.1.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY

This SEIA study is based on review of relevant previous studies, primary data collectedthrough comprehensive field survey in the project area, secondary data gathered fromvarious offices at regional and Wereda levels, and consultations with project affectedcommunities, Wereda and Kebele Administrators, key stakeholders, NGOs and relevantexperts.

Es.2. PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

Hawassa is one of the cities found in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People'sRegional State. It is located at about 275 km South of Addis-Ababa. Hawassa is the capitalof the SNNPRS and it comprises seven Weredas.

The proposed water source is located at Wondo Wereda in Western Arsi Zone of OromiaRegional State. Formerly the proposed water source area was under Hawassa ZuriaWereda in Sidama Zone of the SNNPRS. However, by the referendum made in 2008, thearea has become part of the Oromia Regional State.

There are a number of hot and cold springs in the proposed project area. Among the coldsprings Ambowuha, Shallo and Tunto springs (collectively known as Ambowuha spring)have reasonable discharges. As a result, they are proposed to be utilized to supplementthe existing Hawassa town water supply. Currently the design of Ambowuha springdevelopment project has been completed and the capping work is undergoing.

The yield of Ambowuha, Tunto and Shallo springs is 57 lIs, 5 I/s and 10 I/s respectively.The estimated cumulative yield from these springs is 72 I/s. As per the design, it is plannedto abstract about 55 I/s to satisfy the short time demand of the Hawassa town water supplyand communities residing at the water source area.

The water quality analysis shows that water from the cold springs (Ambowuha, Tunto andShallo springs) is very good and potable. While the hot springs located nearby the Tuntospring contains high concentration of fluoride (17 mg/I) which is by far beyond the WHOguideline value. Based on the fluoride content, the hot springs are not acceptable fordrinking purpose and as a result, they were excluded from the proposal.

Es.3 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The proposed project activities comprise developing and capping of the springs,construction of access road including culverts, retaining wall, wet-well, pump-house,transmission pipeline, reservoirs and distribution line up to the junction point of the existingdistribution system.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Es.4 RELEVANT POLICIES AND STRATAGIES

The concepts of sustainable development and environmental rights are entrenched in therights of people in Ethiopia through articles 43 and 44 of the constitution, which stateamong other matters the right to development and right to live in a clean and healthyenvironment.

Based on the constitutional right, the Ethiopian Environmental Protection Authority hasissued environmental policies, guidelines and proclamations concerning the protection andsustainable use of environment. Since the proposed project is being financed by the WorldBank, it is essential to review and incorporate its environrnental policies and guidelines.These relevant national and financer's policies and guidelines pertinent to the project athand have been reviewed and included in chapter 3 of this report.

Es.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE CONDITION

Es.5.1 Biophysical Environment

Hawassa town situated at the Eastern shore of Lake Hawassa close to the eastern faultbelt of the main Ethiopian Rift Valley. The town is located on a plain between LakeHawassa and Lake Cheleleka with general slope towards Lake Hawassa. The elevation atthe town is 1700 masl and that of the lake is 1680m.a.s.l. The drainage of the town istowards the lake and the lake has submerged some part of the western side of the towndue to recurring rise of the lake level.

The location of the proposed spring source is at the northern edge of the Chelelekawetland at the foot slope of Toga Mountain. The altitude of the spring locations variesbetween 1701 and 1706masl.

Temperature of the project area varies between 100C in winter and 30 0c in summer. Themean annual precipitation in the project area is 956mm. The mean maximum precipitationin rainy season is about 126mm in the month of September.

According to the National Meteorological Agency, the annual estimated PET for the stationat Hawassa is about 1599mm, with minimum of 102mm in the month of July and maximumof 173mm in December.

The soil type of the proposed spring area is Eutric Fluvisols. These soils occur on thelacustrine and fluvio lacustrine plains of Lake Hawassa and Cheleleka wetland.

Land use of the proposed spring source area is mainly grazing. Upstream of the springs isescarpment with very steep slope and degraded land. The foot slope of the escarpment isbeing used for communal grazing, while the immediate downstream of the springs iswetland, which mainly covered with papyrus.

About 80 % of the water transmission line is proposed to travel through ELFORA Agro-Industries farmland, while the land use of the proposed service reservoir site is farming,grazing and settlement area. ELFORA Agro-Industries gave permission for the HawassaWater supply Service Enterprise to construct pipeline on their landholding with out payingany compensation. The owner of the industry realized that the water supply project is part

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWIJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

of the development activities, which would promote further investment in Hawassa townand benefit potential investors.

The vegetation cover of the project area has been degraded due to overgrazing, expansionof farm and overuse of fuel wood by the local communities. The remnant vegetation coverhas been observed on the foot slope of the escarpment at the upstream of the proposedsprings. The downstream area below the eye of the proposed springs is occupied by aswampy wetland. The plant species dominated at the swampy area is Papyrus speciesknown as Cyperus papyrus.

Concerning fauna, the escarpment area is serving as habitat for baboons and monkeys,while the wetland area is inhabited by aquatic life such as Hippopotamus and various fishspecies. There are also nocturnal animals like hyena and porcupine dwelling in theburrows and cavities at the foot of the Toga escarpment.

Avifauna is the most abundant in the project area. Based on the number and variety ofbirds, the area (Cheleleka Wetland) could be used as a priority area for the conservation ofbird life and development of ecotourism.

Es.5.2 Population and Socio-economic Environment of the Project Area

According to the population census result of 2007, the total population of Hawassa townwas 259,803. Out of the total population, 133,637 were males and 126,166 were females.The town is showing rapid development and growth in all social, economic, political andcultural spheres since the last 14 years. Moreover, the remarkable investment works inindustries, housing, education, access roads, touristy resorts and other marketinginfrastructures and services coupled with migration from rural and the nearby town centres,the opening of Hawassa University, commissioning of several large scale factories andmore other under constructions have contributed for high population growth whichconsequently increases the water demand of the town.

There are also intensive investments in hotels and tourisrn, social services, real estatedevelopment, industries and construction in the town. There are a number of governmentaland private commercial Banks and Insurance Companies with measurable services. Theseeconomic activities eventually contribute for the flow of people to the town that could highlyincrease the population and require expansion of infrastructures and services.

Es.6 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY

The existing water sources for Hawassa Town are surface water from Kedo River, Lokespring and number of boreholes. The existing water production from all sources is about92.6 I/s and it is not enough to cover the actual demand of the town. To cover the actualdemand, there is a need to develop additional sources. Since there is wide gap betweenwater demand and supply, about 53 I/s, 82 I/s, 116 I/s and 157 I/s will be required to coverthe actual water demand of the town for the year 2009; .2012; 2015 and 2018,respectively. The proposed project is part of these efforts particularly proposed to satisfythe short-term demand of the town.

Es.7 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

Regarding the water source, there are three alternatives. These are:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY4


* Constructing dams at appropriate location to store surFace runoff* Developing ground water; and

* Developing springs.Based on the availability, accessibility, water quality and investment cost, springdevelopment found to be the best alternative for the short-term supply of potable water forthe Hawassa Town. The ground water alternative was not feasible because of high fluoridecontent and the dam construction is not preferred for the time being due to lack ofappropriate dam site and the matter of the fact that dam construction requires highinvestment cost and cause significant socio-environmental impacts.

Es.8 POTENTIALSOCIO- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASIURES

Es.8.1 POSITIVE IMPACTS

Due to severe shortage of potable water supply, many residents of the town are beingobliged to use unsafe water for drinking and for other domestic purposes. As a result,several people have been exposed for water born diseases and unsanitary conditions.The health data from Hawassa Town Health Centre indicates that most prevalentdiseases in the town are intestinal parasites indicating severe problem of water supplyand sanitation. Therefore, providing better quality water in adequate amount will solve theexisting water supply problem of the town and contribute for the improvement of healthand sanitation conditions of the residents.

Developing the proposed springs will provide potable waiter for the communities residingat the spring source and surroundings. The communities residing at the spring sourcearea and its surroundings would also use the access road, which is constructed as part ofthe project component. The road is very vital to transport agricultural and livestockproduces to nearby market areas. Moreover, the electric power installed for the pumphouse would serve as light source for some local people residing near by the pumphouse. This benefit could be enhanced if the capacity of the transformer increased in sucha way that it serve more people.

It is also well known that efficient and effective use of water resources is crucial for thedevelopment of the country's socio-economic condition. Hence, implementation of theproposed water supply project will enable to use the available water resource of theproject area efficiently and effectively for the socio-economic development of the town andcommunities residing at the spring source area.

Moreover, implementation of the project will provide some direct and indirect jobopportunities for the unemployed people. The growth of the Hawassa Town will dependon the availability of sufficient water supply. If sufficient water supply is available in thetown, different investors would be attracted to the area and several investments andindustries would be flourished. That means many jobless people will get job. This willeventually help people to generate income and support their livelihood. Thus, it willcontribute its share in improving the overall life standard of the people directly or indirectly.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY5


Es.8.2 NEGATIVE IMPACTS

The main project components that would affect public and private properties and assetsinclude construction of distribution line, service reservoir, access road and pump house.Inventory of assets from the source of the spring up to the distribution system hasrevealed that over all adverse impact of the project on individual properties and existinginfrastructures is minor and easily mitigable/compensable. The impact of distribution lineand access road is minimal and 80% of the same pass through the land of ELFORA,which is currently being used for grazing. The company has allowed the land freely forthe installation of the pipeline.

Since there are no settlements at the spring source areas and along the main pipetransmission line, the impact of the proposed project on the residential houses would beminor. Only two small houses would be affected by the construction of service reservoirat Eredo hill. In addition, few fences around the houses and small plots of crop landwould be affected.

Concerning the impact on flora, since there are no trees at the spring source and at mostparts along the transmission and distribution line, the impact of the proposed project onthe flora is insignificant. The only area where few vegetation cover encountered is atTikurwuha River. The stretch of the water transmission line travels through thisvegetation area is very small and the amount of land required to lay the pipes will bevery small. Therefore, the overall impact of the proposed project on flora of the areawould be insignificant.

In terms of fauna, the impact of the proposed project being small and involvesabstraction of only small amount of water from the springs, it would not cause significantimpact on the ecosystem of the area. However, the cumulative impact of the otherdevelopment activities such as expansion of farmlands towards the Cheleleka wetlandand abstracting small springs feeding the wetland for irrigation purpose and expansion ofurban areas towards the lake and wetland areas would significantly affect the ecosystemof the area.

During the site visit, rock falls and boulders from Toga escarpment near Ambo springswere observed. These detached rocks commonly called rock fall and may causecatastrophic loss of life and could destroyed structures to be constructed at the proposedspring development site unless and otherwise protective measures like retaining walland other precautions are contemplated. During the second site visit, construction ofgabions and retention walls were underway.

Regarding the adverse impacts on ambient air quality, most of the construction activitieswill take place in areas were there is no settlement and the duration of construction willbe short. Therefore, an overall impact of the project on air quality and dust pollutionwould be insignificant.

Similarly, the construction of the proposed project will not use heavy machineries thatcould cause high level of nose. In addition, most of the construction activities will takeplace in areas where there is no noise sensitive environment. Therefore, the proposedproject would not cause noise impact on the surrounding communities and environment.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY6


The other identified social impact is fear of water shortage for the local people residing atthe spring source and its surroundings. People residing at the proposed spring areaclaimed that the proposed spring has to supply sufficient potable water for the residents atthe source area before it taken to Hawassa Town. They argue that the only excess watershould be taken to Hawassa Town after the water satisfied the needs of people andlivestock residing at the water source area and surrounding Kebeles. However, the designof the project has already incorporated the water demand of the local people residing atthe spring source areas and livestock watering including washing basins. The design andover all plan was explained for the local people during the public discussion and theyunderstood that the project included their water demand. During the second visit in July29, 2010, the contractor was constructing four public taps, three cattle through and twowashing basins for the communities living at the spring source and its surroundings.

Es.8 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Consultations were made with community members and government officials at Kebeleand Wereda levels to obtain the opinions and attitudes towards the proposed watersupply project. Bedsides, different governmental offices in Hawassa Town and relevantnongovernmental organizations were consulted to collect information and to identify theirfears and feelings about the implementation of the proposed project.

All the members of consultation meetings were very interested to participate in thediscussions and share their views and opinions regarding the proposed water supplyproject without any reservation. They mentioned that the people of the Wondo Wereda ingeneral and ShasheKekele Keble in particular (where the proposed spring located) havesevere potable water problems; and the proposed springs are the main source of waterfor the community residing in and around the proposed spring area. They clearly expressthat the communities living around the springs have the right to use the water from thesesprings. Accordingly, the Wereda officials and residenlts reached in consensus thatpeople living with potable water problem have to benefited from the proposed watersupply project. On the other hand, they confirmed that they are not standing against thearrangements made to supply water for Hawassa Town from the proposed water source.They believe that the development of these springs is very vital to improve the watersupply problem of their people and that of Hawassa Town if it is properly developed andfairly distributed.

Finally, the residents of the project area, the Kebele and Wereda officials concluded thatthey would provide all the necessary support for the implementation of the proposedproject provided that they are the beneficiaries of the project.

Es.9. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessaryto minimize or offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. Environmentalmanagement responsibilities are normally shared among several government and non-government organizations, each with specific executive responsibilities for particularaspects, which are exercised during the various stages of project preparation,construction and subsequent operation and maintenance.

Most of the project socio-environmental management and monitoring activities would becarried out during the construction phase, since it is at this time that most impacts can be

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY7

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOV\UHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

expected to arise. Management will very largely be concerned with controlling impactsthat may result from the actions of the Contractor, through enforcement of the constructioncontract clauses related to protection of the environment as a whole and of thecomponents within it.

The detail environmental management and monitoring activities have been prepared andpresented in chapter 8 of the report, which includes the proposed mitigation measures forthe identified impacts, responsible bodies to implement and oversee these activities andcost estimate to carry out all the proposed environmental management and monitoringplans.

Es.10 Environmental Impact Mitigation, Management, Monitoring and Training Cost

The environmental mitigation, management, monitoring and training cost estimated to beabout 922,751 Birr. The cost estimates are based on the assumptions that:

• The costs of mitigation measures to be implemeinted by the Contractor duringconstruction are considered as included in his obligations under the constructioncontract. This applies to such measures as construction of retaining wall, reinstating ofaffected or exposed soils, cleaning of construction area after the completion ofconstruction, etc.

* Some of the management and monitoring activities to be implemented by the localgovernment organizations are considered as part of their routine jobs. For example,monitoring of environmental pollution and land degradation is responsibility of WeredaEPLAUA, Managing of urban waste is responsibility of Hawassa town municipality,etc.

• Water quality monitoring and watershed management are part of the operation phaseactivities to be carried out by the Hawassa town water supply Service Enterprise incooperation with Wondo Wereda Environmental Protection Land Administration andUse office using their regular budget.

Es.11 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Es.11.1 CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of this socio-environmental impact assessment, implementation ofthe proposed water supply project would result in a number of positive socio-environmental impacts. The main potential benefit will be supply of additional and qualitypotable water for the Hawassa Town and communities residing at and around the watersource areas.

The communities residing at the spring source area and its surroundings would also usethe access road, which was constructed as part of the project component.

Implementation of the project will ensure the efficient and effective use of water resourcesfor the socio-economic development of the area.

Realization of the proposed project would play positive role in attracting variousinvestments to Hawassa town and create job opportunities to the jobless people.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY8

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOV'UHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Conversely, the construction and operation of the project would result in few localizedadverse environmental and social impacts. The major adverse impacts are land take anddislocation of only two houses by the construction of water storage reservoir and ancillarybuildings. Other adverse impacts expected during the construction and operation phasesinclude soil erosion, reduction of downstream flows, and shrinkage of Cheleleka wetland.

Since the size of the project and its components are so small, the overall impact on theexisting natural environment would be insignificant. Most of the identified adverse impactsare mitigable and manageable. However, cumulative impact of the development activitiestaking place in the upper catchments of the proposed springs could cause significantadverse impacts on the Cheleleka wetland and eventually on the ecosystem of LakeHawassa.

The other identified social impact is fear of water shortage by the communities residing atthe spring source and its surroundings. However, taking the water demand and interest ofthe communities into account, the project office revised the first design to incorporate thewater demand of the communities and their livestock. The construction of public taps,cattle troughs and washing basins are already underway

ES.11.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

* Properly implement the proposed socio-environmental mitigation and managementplan.

* Give priority for the construction of public taps, cattle troughs and washing basins forthe communities residing at the spring source and its surroundings so that trust of thecommunities would be gained.

* Wondo Wereda water office in collaboration with Water bureau of Western Arsi zoneshould Identify and propose other water sources for the water scarce Kebeles of theWondo Wereda to solve the existing potable water demand of the people residing farfrom the proposed spring sources.

* To develop and use the proposed water source safely and sustainably, the projectproponent should conduct further discussions with the officials of Western Arsi Zone,Wondo Wereda and local communities.

* Both SNNPR and Oromia Regional States need to conduct integrated watershedmanagement study focusing on the conservation of Cheleleka wetland and HawassaLake and to identify cumulative impacts of the activities taking place in the uppercatchments;

* Delineate and manage Cheleleka wetland and Lake Hawassa as national park andpromote development of ecotourism;

* Allow at least 10% of original water flow from the proposed springs and about 81/sfrom the Shaesa spring for the maintenance of the downstream ecosystem orenvironmental flow.

* Plant indigenous tree species at the foot slope of Toga Escarpment and protect themfrom any damage by livestock and human;

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY9

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOVVUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Finally, it is recommended that the commitments and cooperation of the keystakeholders including the Wondo Wereda Environmental Protection and Land UseAdministration, Wereda and Kebele Administrations, Wereda Agriculture and RuralDevelopment Offices, Hawassa Town Water Supply Service Enterprise Offices arevital to implement the mitigation measures specified in the EMP

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY10


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Hawassa town is the capital sit of SNNPRS. It is located at the southern part of the countryat about 275 km away from Addis Ababa city. The Town is currently in critical shortage ofwater supply that requires urgent intervention. The existing supply is from Kedo River,several boreholes and springs with small yield per second. The major supply sources weredesigned to cover water demand of the population residing in the old area of the Town.However, with the sworn of Hawassa to be capital of the SNNPR, the town showed rapiddevelopment and growth in all social, economic, political and cultural spheres. Remarkableinvestment works in industries, housing, education, access roads, tourist resorts and othermarketing infrastructures and services were undertaken in recent years and much more arein progress. The town is now lying on about 50 sq. km area and the population size hasgrown from 69,169 in 1994 to 159,013 in 2007 and projected to be 301,012 in 2010.

Contrarily, the magnitude of water supply problems are increasing whilst new constructionworks for residential houses, condominiums and business activities are expanding in theTown. In order to alleviate the existing water supply problem, the town Water Supply ServiceEnterprise has tried to undertake minor distribution improvement works, and prepared abusiness plan to access soft loan and grant from financing institutions. Business plan studyof the town water supply showed that the current sources capacity is about 92 I/s andworking for 24 hrs per day. With this capacity, the town has deficit of more than 18 I/s atleast to provide the minimum per capita demands. By year 2020, the projected waterdemand of the town is 418.5 I/s.

To satisfy the current and long-term water demand of Hawassa town, the Town WaterSupply Enterprise has proposed different sources. Out of these sources, development ofAmbowuha, Tunto and Shallo springs (collectively known as Ambowuha springs) is one ofthe immediate solutions to solve the short-term demand of the town. The development ofthese springs is expected to add about 55 I/s into the existing water supply system of thetown.

The concern of this SEIA study is to identify any adverse socio-environmental impactsrelated to the development and operation of these springs and to propose mitigationmeasures for the adverse impacts and enhancement measures for beneficiary impacts.Besides, the purpose of the study is to prepare socio-environmental management andmonitoring plan for the proposed project to implement during the construction and operationphases of the project.

1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE SEIA

The project proponent and financer have proposed SEIA study as one component of theproject study. The main objectives of the SEIA study as stated in the TOR is to assess,identify and mitigate the potential adverse and localized environmental and social impacts ofHawassa town water supply project. It is to ensure that the planned water supply scheme isenvironmentally sustainable, socially acceptable and will not cause serious adverseenvironmental and social impacts.

INTRODUCTION11

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWIJHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

The scope of the SEIA includes:

* Review of relevant policies, legislations and institutional framework related toenvironmental matters;

* Description of the baseline condition of the project area including environmentalcomponents that will be affected by or will affect the proposed project;

* Collecting, analyzing and evaluating water quality of the proposed source to check itsfitness for drinking purpose;

* Identification and evaluation of the potential environmental impacts arising fromimplementation of the proposed water supply project and its subsequent operation;and impact of existing environment on the project;

* Proposing appropriate/suitable avoidance or mitigation measures to protect as far aspossible the environment from adverse impacts; and

* Development of appropriate environmental management and monitoring plan, whichwill ensure that mitigation measures are fully adopted.

1.3 STUDY METHODOLOGY

This SEIA study is based on review of relevant previous studies, primary data collectedthrough comprehensive field survey in the project area, secondary data gathered fromvarious offices at regional and Wereda levels, and consultations with project affectedcommunities, Wereda and Kebele Administrators, key stakeholders, NGOs and relevantexperts. The detailed methodologies followed are explained briefly in the sections below.

1.3.1 Review of Relevant Studies, Policies and Legal Documents

Policies, legislation and guidelines pertinent to environmental protection were gathered andreviewed for assessing the relevant environmental policies, laws and regulations related toenvironmental protection matters in general and the expected environmental impacts of theproposed development in particular. The review of these policies, proclamations andguidelines are summarised in section 3 of this report. In addition, available documents onthe previous studies of the proposed project, baseline environmental conditions of theproject influence area and others relevant data were collated and reviewed in order to obtainimportant data/ information for the project description. The list of the documents reviewed isprovided in the list of references.

1.3.2 Field Surveys and Data Collection

Following an extensive review of existing documents related to the proposed project, fieldinvestigation and collection of detailed data on social and natural environment was carriedout at the project area. The aim of the survey was to collect baseline environmental data forthe project influence area, and to identify sensitive environmental components that are likelywould have significant effect due to the implementation and operation of the envisagedwater supply project. Data collection was carried out using checklist. The checklist was filledat the site and used to identify potential adverse socio-environmental impacts and to

INTRODUCTION12


categorised and determine the level of EIA to be conducted. The check list filled during thedata collection is attached at annex.4.

In addition, relevant regional and Wereda government offices were consulted and importantsecondary data was collected. Those primary and secondary data have been compiled,evaluated and used to describe the existing environmental setting of the project impact area.Besides, the potential impacts/issues of the proposed project were identified and evaluated.

1.3.3 Water Quality Analysis

Four water samples were collected from the proposed springs (Ambowuha, Tunto, Shalloand a hot spring located nearby the Tunto spring) and analyzed in the Water Works Designand Supervision Enterprise Laboratory. The purpose of analysis was to see fitness of theproposed water for drinking and domestic purposes. It was also aimed to see whether thereis water pollution at the source or not. Eventually, the test results were compared with theWHO guidelines for drinking water.

1.3.4 Stakeholders Consultations

During the SEIA field survey groups of community members, concerned authorities andexperts at Wereda and regional levels were contacted and consulted. Information related tothe existing water supply system focusing on constraints, existing environmental and socialfeatures of the project influence area, potential environmental issues/impacts related to theproposed project components and activities, as well as the attitudes of the officials, localcommunities and experts towards the planned scheme were assessed. These informationand opinions have been considered in this socio-environmental impact analysis. Theminutes of consultations made with Wereda Authorities and local communities residing atthe proposed water source areas were attached in annexes. The minutes of meeting werewritten in Amharic language and for the sake of understanding, the same is translated intoEnglish Language. Both English and Amharic versions are attached in Annexes 2 and 3.

1.3.5 Use of Relevant Data Generated by other Disciplines

Data generated/collected by the project design team were reviewed and the relevantdata/information was used to supplement the environmental data and to understand theproposed technical features of the project so that to render the impact assessment ascomprehensive as possible.

1.3.6 Impact Analysis and Development of Mitigation Plan

Following the evaluation of the baseline conditions and analysis of stockholder's opinions,environmental impacts likely to result from the proposed water supply project were identifiedand their significances were evaluated. Impact significance was assessedquantitatively/qualitatively based on the magnitude of the impact, relative importance/ valueof the affected environmental component, intensity and (Juration of the impact, andreversibility of the impact.

Subsequent to identification of potential impacts and evaluation of their significance,appropriate mitigation measures that are capable of preventing, reducing or offsetting thenegative impacts to acceptable levels were identified and recommended. Finally, a Socio-

INTRODUCTION13


Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) that comprises the outline of significantenvironmental impacts and their corresponding mitigation rneasures and the responsiblebodies for implementation and monitoring was prepared.

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

This SEIA report is organized in ten chapters. Chapter 1 is this introductory chapter. Chapter2 describes the project features including the main components and the activities to beinvolved, while Chapter 3 summarizes the policy, legal and administrative framework withinwhich the SEIA was carried out. Chapter 4 provides a brief description of the existingenvironmental and social setting of the project influence area. Chapter 5 discussesalternative water sources. Chapter 6 deals with the household survey, Chapter 7 deals withidentification and evaluation of the potential positive as well as adverse socio-environmentalimpacts likely to result from the project implementation and operation, and proposedmitigation measures. Chapter 8 deals with public consultations and its outcome. Chapter 9presents a management and monitoring plan for implementing the proposed mitigatingmeasures and follow up of their effectiveness. Finally, Chapter 10 gives conclusion andrecommendations.

INTRODUCTION14

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AIVIBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

Hawassa is one of the cities found in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's RegionalStatee It is located at about 275 km South of Addis-Ababa. Hawassa is the capital of theSNNPRS and it comprises seven Weredas.

The geographical coordinates of Hawassa town are approximately 7003' Lat. N. and 380 29'long E. The average elevation of the town is about 1700 mn above sea level.

Loc M ofawassa town Adim instratio ETHIOPIA

Awassa u\ aC

kae Awassa

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Shbecdeno A k ph.k

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Figure 1: Map of Hawassa City Administration

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMEBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

2.2 PROPOSED WATER SOURCE

The proposed water source is located at Wondo Wereda in Western Arsi Zone of OromiaRegional State. Formerly the proposed water source area was located in Hawassa ZuriaWereda under Sidama Zone of the SNNPRS. However, by the referendum made in 2008,the area has become part of the Oromia Regional State.

There are a number of hot and cold springs in the proposed project area. Among the coldsprings Ambowuha, Shallo and Tunto springs (collectively known as Ambowuha spring)have reasonable discharges. As a result, they are proposed to be utilized to supplement theexisting Hawassa town water supply. Currently the design of Ambowuha springdevelopment project has been completed and the capping work is undergoing. Thegeographical coordinates and altitudes of the Ambowuha, Tunto, and Shallo springs are:

a Ambowuha spring 07006.338'N. 038034.585'E and its' altitude is 1701m;

* Tunto spring 07006.338'N, 038034.528'E and its altitude is 1703m;

0 Shallo spring 07006.666'N, 038033.963'E and its alti,tude is 1706m;

Photo 1: Ambowuha spring capped (left) a.nd Hot spring near to the Ambowuhaspring (right)

2.3 WATER YIELD OF THE PROPOSED SOURCE

According to different studies, hydrology and hydro-geo~logical features of the proposedwater supply source area indicates that there is rich gr-ound water and subsurface flowpotential. There are a number of hot and cold springs flowing out of the foot of the TogaMountain. Among the cold springs Ambowuha. Tunto- Shallo and Shaesa have sustainabledischarges; but Shaesa spring has been left for environmental flow and for irrigationpurpose. The rest springs are proposed to supplement for Hawassa water supply demandand for the source community.

T-he yield of Ambowuha, Tunto, Shallo and Shaesa spring s is 57 U/s, 5 l/s, 1 0 I/s and 8 I/srespectively. The estimated cumulative yield from these springs is 80 I/s. As per the design,it is planned to abstract about 55 I/s to satisfy the short timne demand of the Hawassa townwater supply and communities residing at the water source area.

.O VVCTE YFSERIPTON AND PRO PSDQATURON1


Ambowuha and Tunto springs are apart from each other by 100m and has the actual headdifference of 1.957m- The head difference between Shallo spring and Ambowuha is 5m andthey are far apart from each other by 1505m. The aim is to use Ambowuha and Tunto forHawassa town and neighbouring Kebeles of Oromia Region and the Shallo spring for thelocal people drinking and cattle watering

The Oromo Self-Help Organization (OSHO) is currently constructing pipelines and servicereservoirs to supply about 12 I/s of the above mentioned yield to Kebels which are belongingto Oromia Region. These Kebeles include Shashekakale,Toga, Daleti, Bishan-Guracha,Waransa and Kore-Borojota

- - -s in , W

f E

Figure 2: Map shows location of the proposed springs and reservoir sites

2.4 COMPONENTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The proposed project activities comprise developing andJ capping the springs, constructionof access road including culverts, retaining wall, wet-well, pump-house, transmissionpipeline, reservoirs and distribution line up to the junction point of the existingdistribution system

PR,OJFCT r.FSr'RIPTION AND LOCATION


2.4.1 Access Road

Construction of access road is one of the components of the proposed project. Since someparts of the road that leads to the proposed spring is located at the foot of the TogaMountain, where there are huge boulders laid on the road that may create great obstacle forwalking and driving. Therefore, clearing the road to remove these stones and constructingculverts across the drainage crossings are considered as one of the major activities to beundertaken before developing the springs. During the time of this field assessment, mostpart of the access road has been constructed.

Photo 2: Constructed access road (left); stone boulders at the upstream of thespring area (right)

2.4.2 Capping Structures

The spring capping is designed in order to collect the required amount of water with out anypossibility of contamination. The springs considered have several eyes appear closely andadjacent to each other. Thus, the capping work will be made in such a way to collect thewater from the spring eyes and convey the water to a collection chamber (the wet well) to belocated down stream. This collection chambers are designed in such a way that they canstore considerable amount of water to enable safe suction for the pumps. Hence inaccordance with the design the submersible centrifugal pump with high head and lowdischarge is proposed to accommodate the sufficient suction depth, which is about 3m,50m3 wet well is proposed.

Since the area of capping and wet well is surrounded by small hot spring and back watereffect through the swampy soil, the type of the wet well that will be constructed must beresistant of such effects of the area. Therefore, basaltic hard rock masonry wet well withsufficient external and intemal coating is recommended.

2.4.3 Transmission main Line

The main transmission line is designed to convey the water from the spring source to theservice reservoir situated at the Eredo hill in the Hawassa town. The selection of pipematerial is depended on pressure carrying capacity, the nature of the ground in which the

PROJECT l)FSCRiPTION AND LOCATION


pipe are to be laid and the effective cost of the pipe. The route of transmission pipelineconsists of rocky path, forest and swampy areas across Tikurwuha River. The total length ofthe transmission main line is about 9.3 km.

2.4.4 Service Reservoir

Service reservoirs are proposed to be constructed to provided water storage and commanda distribution system. The reservoirs will be located at the suitable elevation at Eredo hill toprovide the required pressure for water flow with in the system. The reservoirs shouldcontain well designed inlet, outlet, drain pipe, overflow pipe, water level indicator, man hole,ladder and other necessary accessories. Based on the production of the springs and dailydemand, construction of service reservoir with the capacity of 1 00OM 3 is proposed.

There are different types of reservoirs, such as reinforced concrete reservoirs, Masonryreservoirs, polyethylene reservoirs, pioneer (ZincAlum) steel tanker and so on. Byconsidering the urgency of the project and initial investment cost of these options, thedesign team recommended the pioneer water tank.

The proposed reservoir will be constructed at Eredo Hill. The peak elevation of Eredo Hill is1762m.a.s.l. with geographic coordinates of 07004.724'N and 038030.516'E. The site isvery suitable to supply the water to Dato-Odahe, Chefecotjebesa, Hawassa University maincampus, village of Diaspora, higher 1 kebele 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07 and higher 2 Kebele02, 03, 05, 06, 07 partially around Adventist church and Amora-Gedel.

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an pac animals avial at th ae. Prvos exeene .sh..o-)we tha the numbero-

- ~~~ - .

.~ .

X, . . ... ....- . -. - .... - -

Photo 3: The proposed service reservoir site at Eredo hill

2.4.5 Cattle Trough and Washing Basin

Provision of cattle trough near the spring area is considered based on the number of cattleand pack animals available at the area. Previous experiences showed that the number ofpastoralists and livestock population varies from season to season. The number of livestockwill be high in dry period when there is no sufficient water in other areas and low in the wetseason. Data collected for design of cattle trough indicated that there are about 10, 000cattle use Shallo spring. Thus, three cattle trough is designed in such away that it shouldserve at least 120 cattle at a time with an average consumption of about 18 I/c/day.

Similarly, the domestic water demand for pastoralists estimated to be about 15 I/c/day. Thisdemand is considered to design water point and washingl basins. Accordingly, two washing

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION


basins and three water points were designed at Shallo and Tunto Spring areas to serve thewater source area communities and seasonal migrants to the area.

In addition to the above structures, Oromo Self Help Organization (OSHO) is layingtransition line and constructing small reservoirs to supply water for about six Kebeles in thewater source area. These kebeles include Shashakekele,Toga, Daleti, Bishan-Guracha,Waransa and Kore-Borojota. Water for these Kebeles will be taken from one of the two wetwells to be constructed at the Ambowuha spring. Construction of these wet wells is currentlyongoing. The first wet well (wet well 1) will store water for the above mentioned Kebeles andthe second wet well (wet well 2) is for Hawassa town. The arrangement of wet wells is thatthe water first fills the wet well one which is proposed for the source Kebeles and then theoverflow will be collected in the second wet well which is then taken to Hawassa town.

Photo 4: Herd of cattle is waiting in queue to drink from Shallo spring (left), whilecattle and people are competing for the same Shallo spring (right)

4 '

p -- '

Photo 5: Wet well one (Left) and Wet well two (Right) are under construction

2.4.6 Auxiliary Buildings

A pump house, guard and operator houses, and chemical storte will be constructed atappropriate locations to facilitate the operation and proper functioning of the project.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND L-OCATION 1

DRAFT REPORT ON SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AMBOWUHA SPRING DEVELOPMENTPROJECT

3 REVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK PERTINENT TO SEIA

3.1 RELEVANT NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATAGIES

3.1.1 The Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP)The Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty (PASDEP) is theEthiopia's guiding strategic framework for the five-year period 2005/06-2009/10. Themain development objective of the Ethiopian Government is poverty eradication. Hence,the country's development policies and strategies are geared towards this end.

The PASDEP represents the second phase of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Program(PRSP) process, which has begun under the Sustainable Development and PovertyReduction Program (SDPRP), which covered 2002/03-2004/05. The PASDEP carriesforward important strategic directions pursued under the Sustainable Development andPoverty Reduction Program (SDPRP) -related to infrastructure human development, ruraldevelopment, food security, and capacity-building- but also embodies some bold newdirections. Foremost among them is a major focus on growth in the program period with aparticular emphasis on greater commercialization of agriculture and enhancing privatesector development, industry, urban development and a scaling-up of efforts to achievethe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

The major strategic goals stipulated in PASDEP towards the realization of theEnvironmentally Sound Development Vision of Ethiopia are:

* Ensure community-led environmental protection and the sustainable use ofenvironmental resources for gender equity and improved livelihood;* Rehabilitate affected ecosystems;* Enhance capacity of ecosystems to deliver goods and services, particularlybiomass for food, feed and household energy;* Remove the adverse impacts of municipal waste;* Prevent environmental pollution; and* Ensure proactively the integration of environmental and ethical dictates especiallymainstreaming gender equity in development.

Implementation strategies envisaged in the PASDEP to achieve the above statedenvironmental conservation and management goals are:

a Promotion of a participatory and problem solving livelihood improvementframework for gender equity, environmental protection and the sustainable use ofenvironmental resources;* Partnership building with all stakeholders for environmental management;* Development of tools for proactive environmental management that hasmainstreamed gender equity;a Improvement of a gender balanced environmental knowledge through awarenessraising programs;* Building environmental information and networking system;* Promotion of investment in environmental protection and the sustainable use ofenvironmental resources for the improvement of livelihoods; anda Resource mobilization and channelling for the required activities

REVIEW OF POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 21


3.1.2 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia

The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE), issued in April 1997, supportsConstitutional Rights through its guiding principles. The overall policy goal is toimprove and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians. It helps topromote sustainable social and economic development through sound managementand use of natural, human-made and cultural resources and their environment as awhole, and to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising theability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The policy seeks to ensure the empowerment and participation of the people andtheir organizations at all levels in environmental management activities, and to raisepublic awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkage betweenenvironment and development. In addition to its guiding principles, the policy providessectoral and cross-sectoral environmental policies. Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) policies are included in the cross-sectoral environmental policies.The EIA policies emphasis the early recognition of environmental issues in projectplanning, public participation, mitigation and environmental management, andcapacity building at all levels of administration.

The policy establishes the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) to harmonizesectoral development plans and to implement an environmental managementprogram for the Country. It also imparts political and popular support to thesustainable use of natural, human-made and cultural resources at the Federal,Regional, Zonal, Wereda and Community levels.

3.1.3 Policies on Land Tenure, Expropriation and Compensation

The Constitution of the FDRE states that the right to ownership of rural and urbanland, as well as all natural resources is of public and state. Land is the property of thestate/public and does not require compensation. The Constitution gives every personthe ownership right for the property he has invested on the land, and in this regardarticle 40 (7) states that every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovableproperty he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the landby his labour or capital.

If the land that is owned by an individual is expropriated by the Government for publicuse, the person is entitled for compensation. In this regard, article 44 (2) of theConstitution states that all persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoodshave been adversely affected as a result of state programs have the right tocommensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocationwith adequate state assistance.

3.1.4 Sectoral Policies

The Government of Ethiopia has issued several sectoral policies. Some of them,which are pertinent to this particular project, are summarized as follow:3.1.5 Water Resource Policy

The Ministry of Water Resources formulated the Federal Water Resource Policy in1998 for a comprehensive and integrated water resource management. The overall



goal of the policy is to enable and promote all national efforts towards the efficient,equitable and optimum utilization of the available water resources of Ethiopia forsignificant socioeconomic development on sustainable basis. The policy ensures thatwater allocation gives the highest priority to water supply and sanitation whileapportioning the rest for uses and services that result the highest socio economicbenefits. The detail objectives of the water resources management policy are:

* Development of the water resources of the country for economic and socialbenefits of the people, on equitable and sustainable basis;* Allocation and apportionment of water based on a comprehensive and integratedplans and optimum allocation principles that incorpcrate efficiency of use, equityof access and sustainability of the resources;* Managing and combating drought as well as other associated slow on-setdisasters through efficient allocation, redistribution, transfer, storage and efficientuse of water resources;* Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention,rehabilitation and other practical measures; and* Conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources and the overall aquaticenvironment on sustainable basis.

3.1.6 Wildlife Policy

The Wildlife Policy developed in 2006 by the Ministry of Agriculture and RuralDevelopment. The prime objective of the policy is to create conducive environmentfor the preservation, development and sustainable utilization of Ethiopia's wildliferesources for social and economic development and for the integrity of thebiosphere/biodiversity. It covers a wide range of policies and strategies relating,amongst others, to wildlife conservation and protected areas with four categoriesfrom the highest protection ranking 'National Park', followed by 'Game Reserve' and'Sanctuary' to 'Controlled Hunting Area'.

3.2 REVIEW OF WORLD BANK EA POLICIES

3.2.1 The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01

In addition to the requirements of the Federal Government, donor organisations suchas the World Bank have requirements for EA. The World Bank Operational Policy4.01 requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bankfinancing to ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus toimprove decision-making. The Bank's EIA policy states that:

EA is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature,scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project. EA evaluates aproject's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examinesproject alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning,design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensatingfor adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes theprocess of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughoutproject implementation. The Bank favours preventive measures over mitigatory orcompensatory measures, whenever feasible.

EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human healthand safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and



physical cultural resources); and trans-boundary and global environmental aspects.EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. It also takes intoaccount the variations in project and country conditions; the findings of countryenvironmental studies; national environmental action plans; the country's overallpolicy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to theenvironment and social aspects; and obligations of the country, pertaining to projectactivities, under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements. TheBank does not finance project activities that would contravene such countryobligations, as identified during the EA. EA is initiated as early as possible in projectprocessing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social,and technical analyses of a proposed project.

Based on the outcome of Bank's environmental screening, projects can becategorized as A, B, C or Fl. The selection of the category is based upon theexpected environmental impacts.

* Category A: A full EA is required. I.e. A proposed project is classified asCategory A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts thatare sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented.

* Category B: Although a full EA is not required, environmental analysis isrequired. A proposed project is classified as Category B if it's potentialadverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentallyimportant areas-including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other naturalhabitats-are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impactsare site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most casesmitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category Aprojects.

* Category C: No EA or environmental analysis is required. A proposed projectis classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverseenvironmental impacts. Beyond screening, no furlher EA action is required fora Category C project.

* A proposed project is classified as Category Fl if it involves investment ofBank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result inadverse environmental impacts.

In addition to OP4.01, Environmental and Social Management Frame work (ESMF)/mid-termguidance has been reviewed and utilized to screen the proposed project. Conceptually, theESMF/mid-term guidance uses the same approach for assigning the appropriateenvironmental category as OP4.01, but adapts it to the sub-project level to ensure speedyimplementation of future projects. The main modification is that it sub divide category B ofOP4.01 in to two sub categories. Category B1 and category B2. For category Bi projects,application of simple mitigation measures will suffice and no separate socio- environmentalimpact assessment will require. For category B2 projects a separate socio-environmentalimpact assessment will be required which comprise identified adverse impacts, mitigationmeasures, environmental and social management and monitoring plans.

Based on the above Bank's and EPA's environmental policies, screening was mad to classifythe proposed Ambowuha spring development project into category A,B1, B2 or C of theWorld Bank, or schedule 1,2 or 3 of the EPA classification (see the following table).



Table 1: Screenin and classification of the propos ed projectNo. Query Answer World Bank Project category

Policy to betriggered

According to According tothe World EPABank's OP4.01

1 Size and Small, which OP 4.01, No mention Schedule 3scale of the requires Environmentalproject abstraction of impact

551/s from three assessmentsprings

2 Sensitivity Sensitive due to OP4.04, B2 Schedule 2of the the presence of naturalproject wetland habitatslocation (Cheleleka

w etland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _3 Magnitude Most of them are OP4.04, B2 Schedule 2of potential insignificant natural

impacts except the habitatsimpact onwetland

4 Nature of Mitigable and OP 4.01, B2 Schedule 2the reversible by Environmentalpotential adopting impactimpacts appropriate assessment

mitigationmeasures andEMP

Overall project category B2 2

After the screening with the above policies and relevant guidelines, it is understood that theenvironmental assessment process for the proposed Ambowuha Spring DevelopmentProject lays under the Category B2 of the World Bank or Schedule 2 of the EPA EIAGuideline, i.e. the project impacts are less adverse than those of Category A projects. Inother words, these impacts are site-specific; few and mitigation measures can be designedmore readily than for Category A projects.

3.2.2 Other World Bank Policies Relating to the Proposed Project

3.2.2.1 Natural Habitats Policy OP 4.04

Under this policy the Bank promotes and supports habitat conservation and improved landuse by financing projects which further the conservation of natural habitats. The policyrequires that a project which has substantial impacts on natural habitat must includeappropriate mitigation measures, including direct support for conserving an ecologicallysimilar area. The Bank does not support projects that involve the significant conversion ordegradation of critical natural habitats such as wetlands.

3.2.2.2 Water Resources Management OP 4.07

Among priority areas for Bank assistance and involvement are the development of acomprehensive framework for designing water resource investments, policies, andinstitutions; restoration and preservation of aquatic ecosystems against over-exploitation of



groundwater and surface water resources; avoidance of water quality problems associatedwith irrigation investment; and establishment of strong legal and regulatory frameworks toenforce policies.

3.2.2.3 Forestry OP 4.36

Bank lending in the forest sector aims to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmentalcontribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourageeconomic development. The Bank expects governments to have adequate provisions inplace for conserving protected areas and critical watersheds, as well as for establishingenvironmental guidelines and monitoring procedures. The Bank does not provide financingfor logging in primary tropical moist forests.

3.2.2.4 Indigenous Peoples OD 4.20

This policy ensures that indigenous peoples (defined as social groups whose social andcultural identities are distinct from those of the dominant society, making them vulnerable tobeing disadvantaged in the development process), benefit from the project. It also ensuresthat potentially adverse impacts of Bank projects on indigenous peoples are avoided ormitigated. An indigenous peoples development plan can be prepared, as appropriate, intandem with the main investment project.

3.2.2.5 Involuntar