references - musicognition.com · canberra: aase act chapter. cadman, a. g. (chairperson) (1976)....

34
289 References Adelman, H. S. (1989). Beyond the Learning Mystique: An interactional perspective on learning disabilities. Journal of Disabilities, 22(5), 301-304. Alley, G. , & Deschler, D. (1979). Teachinfi the learninfi disabled adolescent: Strategies and methods. Denver, CO: Love. Anderson, A. , & Lynch, T. (1988). Listeninfi. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Andrews, R. J., Elkins, J., Berry, P. B. , & Burge, J. A. (1979). A survey of special education in Australia. Canberra, ACT: Schools Commission. Applebee, A. N. (1978). The child's concept of a story. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Aronoff, F. W. (1979). Music and younfi children. New York: Turning Wheel Press. Aronoff, F. W. (1983). Da1croze strategies for music learning in the classroom. International Journal of Music Education, 2, 23-25. Aronoff, F. W. (1988). Reaching the young child through music: Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences as model. International Journal of Music Education, 12, 18-22. Ashman, A. F. , & Conway, R. N. F. (1989). COfinitive stratefiies for special education. London: Routledge. Ashman, A. , & Elkins, J. (1990). children with special needs. Sydney: Prentice HalL Atterbury, B. W. (1990). exceptional learners in music. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Upload: others

Post on 14-Oct-2019

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

289

References

Adelman, H. S. (1989). Beyond the Learning Mystique: An interactional perspective on learning disabilities. Journal of Learnin~ Disabilities, 22(5), 301-304.

Alley, G. , & Deschler, D. (1979). Teachinfi the learninfi disabled adolescent: Strategies and methods. Denver, CO: Love.

Anderson, A. , & Lynch, T. (1988). Listeninfi. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Andrews, R. J., Elkins, J., Berry, P. B. , & Burge, J. A. (1979). A survey of special education in Australia. Canberra, ACT: Schools Commission.

Applebee, A. N. (1978). The child's concept of a story. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Aronoff, F. W. (1979). Music and younfi children. New York: Turning Wheel Press.

Aronoff, F. W. (1983). Da1croze strategies for music learning in the classroom. International Journal of Music Education, 2, 23-25.

Aronoff, F. W. (1988). Reaching the young child through music: Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences as model. International Journal of Music Education, 12, 18-22.

Ashman, A. F. , & Conway, R. N. F. (1989). COfinitive stratefiies for special education. London: Routledge.

Ashman, A. , & Elkins, J. (1990). Educatin~ children with special needs. Sydney: Prentice HalL

Atterbury, B. W. (1990). Mainstreamin~ exceptional learners in music. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

290

Australian Bureau of Statistics (1986). Census of population and housing, Australian Capital Territory, 1986. Canberra: Australian Government.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (1989). Disabled and aged persons, Australia. 1988 (Cat. No. 4118.0). Canberra: Australian Government.

Australian Bureau of Statistics (1990). Disability and handicap, Australia. 1988 (Cat. No. 4120.0). Canberra: Australian Government.

I

Bacon, D. (1981). Kodaly music for learning disabled children. In R. R. Pratt (Ed.), Second International Symposium of Music Education for the Handicapped (pp. 3-4). Bloomington, IN: Frangipani Press.

I

Ban, L. (1981). Kodaly principles revisited. The Australian Journal of Music Education, 28, 61-63.

Banks, D. , Fordham, A. , Steele, P. , & Troth, M. (1981). Evaluation of reading~. Australian Capital Territory: Evaluation & Research Section Schools Authority.

Barbara, D. A. (1958). The art of listening. Springfield, IL: Thomas.

Barker, L. L. (1971). Listening behavior. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice­Hall.

Bartlett, F. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bartlett, J. C. , & Dowling, W. J. (1980). Recognition of transposed melodies: A key-distance effect in developmental perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6, 501-515.

Bartoli, J. S. (1989). An ecological response to Cole's interactivity alternative. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22(5), 292-296.

291

Barwick, J. , Valentine, E. , West, R. , & Wilding, J. (1989). Relations between reading and musical abilities. British Journal of Education Psychology, 59, 253-257.

Bauer, R. H. (1977). Memory processes in children with learning disabilities: Evidence for deficient rehearsal. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 24, 415-430.

Bayley, N. (1969). Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York: The Psychological Corporation.

Becker, W. , Engelmann, S. , & Thomas, D. (1975). Teaching 2: Cognitive Learning and Instruction. Chicago, IL: Science Research Associates.

Bentley, A. (1966a). Measures of Musical Abilities. London: Harrap.

Bentley, A. (1966b). Musical ability In children and its measurement. London: Harrap.

Bentley, A. (1973, August). Music in the primary school. The First Report from the Schools Council Project: Music Education of Young Children, Great Britain.

Bentley, A. (1975). Music in education. Windsor, Berks: National Foundation for Educational Research.

Bentley, A. (1983). Musical abilities of children. International Journal of Music Education, 2, 27-31.

Berry, P. , & Kirk, S. A. (1980). Issues in specific learning disabilities: Towards a data base for decision-making. The Exceptional Child, 27, 115-125.

Bigge, M. L. (1982). Learning Theories for Teachers (4th ed.). New York: Harper & Row.

292

Biggs, J. B. (1986). Enhancing learning skills: The role of metacognition. In J. A. Bowden (Ed.), Student learning: Research into practice (pp. 131-148). Centre for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne.

Biggs, J. B. , & Collis, K. F. (1982). Evaluating the quality of learning: The SOLO taxonomy. New York: Academic Press.

Biggs, J. B. , & Telfer, R. (1987). The process of learning. Sydney: Prentice-Hall.

Bingham, L. (1983). A developmental music program. ACT: ACT Curriculum Materials Production, ACT Schools Authority.

Bitcon, C. H. (1981). Orff-Schulwerk in the educational and clinical practices with the multiply handicapped. In R. R. Pratt (Ed.), Second International Symposium of Music Education for the Handicapped (pp. 118-126). Bloomington, IN: Frangipani Press.

Bluma, S. , Shearer, M. , Frohman, A. , & Hilliard, J. (1976). Portage Guide to Early Education-Checklist. Portage, WI: Cooperative Educational Service.

Bochner, S. , Salamon, L. , & Richardson, J. (1987). Integration of 36 children with language difficulties. In J. Ward, S. Bochner, Y. Center, L. Outred & M. Pieterse (Eds.), Educating Children with Special Needs in Regular Classrooms (pp. 51-63). NSW: Special Education Center, Macquarie University.

Boehm, A. E. (1986). Boehm Test of Basic Concepts-Revised. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.

Bonham, G. (1982). Music in Australian education: An historical and philosophical analysis. Unpublished master's thesis, Canberra College of Advanced Education.

Booker, G. , Irons, C. J. , Jones, G. A. , & Reuille, R. (1979). Kelvin Grove Numeration Diagnostic Profile. Brisbane: Department of Mathematics, Brisbane College of Advanced Education.

293

Bourke, S. F. , & Keeves, J. P. (1977). Australian studies of school performance: VoL 111. The mastery of literacy and numeracy: Final Report. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Bower, T. G. R. (1971). The object in the world of the infant. Scientific American, 225, 30-38.

Bower, T. G. R. (1974). Development in infancy. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman.

Bower, T. G. R. , & Wishart, J. C. (1979). Towards a unitary theory of development. In E. B. Thoman (Ed.), Origins of the infant's social responsiveness (pp. 65-93). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Bradley, L. , & Bryant, P. E. (1978). Difficulties in auditory organisation as a possible cause of reading backwardness. Nature, 271, 746-747.

Bradley, L. , & Bryant, P. E. (1983). Categorising sounds and learning to read - a causal connection. Nature, 301, 419-421.

Bradley, L. , & Bryant, P. (1985). Rhyme and reason in reading and spelling. Monograph of the International Academy for Research in Learning Disabilities,l. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.

Bridges, D. (1979, August). Outcomes of a developmental music program. Paper presented at the Fourth International Kodaly Symposium, Sydney.

Bridges, D. (1984). Eclecticism in early music education. International Journal of Music Education,2, 35-37.

Brown, A. (1987). Approaches to classroom music for children. In J. C. Peery, L W. Peery & T. W. Draper (Eds.), Music and child development (pp. 184-193). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Brown, A. L. (1978). Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition. In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 77-165). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

294

Brown, A. L. (1987). Metacognition, executive control, self-regulation, and other more mysterious mechanisms. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition. motivation and understanding (pp. 65-116). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Brown, A. L. , & DeLoache, J. S. (1978). Skills, plans, and self-regulation. In Seigler, R. S. (Ed.), Children's thinking; What develops? (pp. 3-35). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Brown, A. L. , Bransford, J. D. , Ferrara, R. A. , & Campione, J. C. (1983). Learning, remembering, and understanding. In Flavell, J. H. & Markman, E. M. (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 77-176). New York: Wiley.

Brown, A. L. , & Ferrara, R. A. (1985). Diagnosing zones of proximal development. In J. V. Wertsch (Ed.), Culture. communication. and cognition: Vygotskian perspectives (pp. 273-305). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brown, A. L. , & Smiley, S. S. (1978). The development of strategies for studying texts. Child Development, 49, 1076-1088.

Bruner, J. S. , & Sherwood, V. (1981). Thought, language and interaction in infancy. In J. P. Forgas (Ed.), Social cognition (pp. 27-52). London: Academic Press.

Bruner, J. , Goodnow, J. , & Austin, G. (1956). A Study of Thinking. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Bryan, T. , Donahue, M. , & Pearl, R. (1981). Learning disabled children's peer interactions during a small-group problem-solving task. Learning Disability Quarterly, 4, 13-22.

Bryant, P. (1986). Theories about the causes of cogmtive development. In P. L. C. van Geert (Ed.), Theory building in developmental psychology (pp. 167-187). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

295

Bryant, P. (1990). Empirical evidence for causes in development. In G. Butterworth and P. Bryant (Eds.), Causes of development (pp. 33-45). London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

Bryant, P. , & Bradley, L. (1985). Children's reading problems. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

Buckton, R. (1982). An investigation into the development of musical concepts in young children (Special issue). Psychology of Music, 17-21.

Burley-Allen, M. (1982). Listening: The forgotten skill. New York: Wiley.

Burns, 1. M. , & Richgels, D. J. (1988). A critical evaluation of listening tests. Academic Therapy, 24(2), 153-162.

Buxton, C. , & Orams, J. (1986). Musikit. Auckland: Musikit International.

Bygrave, P. L. (1984). Music and the slow learner. The Australian Journal of Music Education, 2, 7.

Bygrave, P. L. (1985), Music as a cogmtIve developing aCtIVIty: Implications for learning and the learning disabled child. Unpublished master's thesis, Canberra College of Advanced Education, Australia.

Bygrave, P. L. (1988a). Aural Receptive Sound Concept Test. Unpublished manuscript.

Bygrave, P. L. (l988b, July). Music as a cogmtive developing actIVIty: A theoretical framework for investigating learning. Paper presented at the XVIII International Society for Music Education Conference, Canberra, Australia.

Bygrave, P. L. (1989). The development of a special music educator in Australia. In R. R. Pratt (Ed.), Music therapy and music in special education: The international state of the art 11 (pp. 8-16). St. Louis, MO: MMB Music.

296

Bygrave, P. L. (1990a, May). Music: A cognitive developing actIvIty. Paper presented at the 2nd International Congress for Research on Activity Theory, Lahti, Finland.

Bygrave, P. L. (1990b, August). Relating music to a special education setting in Australia. Paper presented at the XVIV International Society for Music Education Conference, Commission on Music Therapy and Music in Special Education, Tallinn, Estonia.

Bygrave, P. L. (1991). Specific programs to develop listening skills in children in special education settings. Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference of the Australian Association of Special Education, Canberra: AASE ACT Chapter.

Cadman, A. G. (Chairperson) (1976). Learning difficulties in children and adults. Report of the House of Representatives Select Committee on Specific Learning Difficulties. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government Publishing Service.

Caldwell, B. (1970). Preschool Inventory Revised Edition. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Campbell, D. T. , & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi­experimental designs for research and teaching. In N. L. Gage (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (pp. 171-246). Chicago: Rand McNally & Company.

Campione, J. C. (1987). Metacognitive components of instructional research with problem learners. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition. motivation and understanding (pp. 117-140). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Campione, J. C. , & Brown, A. L. (1977). Memory and metamemory in educable retarded children. In R. V. Kail & J. W. Hagen (Eds.), Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition (pp. 367-405). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Case, R. (1972). Validation of a neo-Piagetian mental capacity construct. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 14, 287-302.

297

Case, R. (1978). Intellectual development from birth to adulthood: A neo-Piagetian interpretation. In R. S. Siegler (Ed.), Children's thinking: What develops? (pp. 37-71). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Center, Y. , Fergusson, C. , & Ward, J. (1988). The integration of children with disabilities into regular classes Cmainstreaming) - a naturalistic study. Stage 1 Report. Macquarie University.

Chi, M. T. (1978). Knowledge stuctures and memory development. In R. S. Siegler (Ed.), Children's thinking: What develops? (pp. 73-96). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Coles, G. S. (1989). Excerpts from The Learning Mystique: A critical look at "Learning Disabilities". Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22(5), 267-273; 277.

Comte, M. M. (1981). Music in the early childhood years, Part 1 - A theoretical framework. The Australian Journal of Music Education, 29, 33-41.

Comte, M. M. (1982). Music in the early childhood years, Part 2 ­Contributions of some prominent music educators. The Australian Journal of Music Education, 30, 33-38; 64.

Court, J. M. , Grant, A. , Long, P. , Oberklaid, F. , & Sykes, S. (1990). Learning difficulties in children and adolescents. Report of the National Health and Research Council. Commonwealth of Australia: Health Care Committee.

Crowther, R. , & Durkin, K. (1982). Towards a psycholinguistic study of musical concept development (Special issue). Psychology of Music, 26-30.

Davies, J. B. (1978). The psychology of music. London: Hutchinson.

Dawson, M. M. , Hallahan, D. P. , Reeve, R. E. , & Ball, D. W. (1980). The effect of reinforcement and verbal rehearsal on selective attention 111

learning-disabled children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, .8.,( 1), 133 -144.

298

DeRenzi, E. , & Vignolo, L. A. (1962). The Token Test: A sensitive test to detect receptive disturbances in aphasics. Brain, 85, 665-678.

Dermody, P. , & Mackie, K. (1985). Preliminary submission to the N.S.W. Department of Education. Speech Communication Research Section, National Acoustics Laboratories, Sydney.

Dermody, P. , Kehoe, M. , & Bochner, S. (1989). National Acoustic Laboratory Test of Auditory Lan~ua~e Learnin~ Capabilities in Kinder~arten Children (NALTALLCK). Sydney: National Acoustic Laboratory.

Deutsch, D. (1977). Memory and attention in music. In M. Critchley and R. A. Henson (Eds.), Music and the brain (pp. 95-130). London: Heinemann.

Deutsch, D. (1982) The psycholo~y of music. New York: Academic Press.

Deutsch, D. , & Feroe, J. (1981). The internal representation of pitch sequences in tonal music. Psychological Review, 88(6), 503-522.

Dervan, N. (1982). Building Orff ensemble skills with mentally handicapped adolescents. Music Educators Journal, April, 35-36; 60-61.

Devine, T. G. (1978). Listening: What do we know after fifty years of research and theorising? Journal of Readin~, 21(4), 296-304.

Dickinson, P. I. (1976). Music with ESN children. Windsor, Berks., England: National Foundation for Educational Research.

DiSimoni, F. G. (1978). The Token Test For Children: Manual. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.

DiSimoni, F. G. , & Mucha, R. (1982). Use of the Token Test for children to identify language deficits in preschool age children. Journal of Auditory Research, 22, 265-270.

299

Dixon, R. A. , & Lerner, R. M. (1984). A history of systems in developmental psychology. In M. H. Bornstein & M. E. Lamb (Eds.), Developmental psychology (pp. 1-35). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Dobbs, J. P. B. (1966). The slow learner and music. London: Oxford University Press.

Doise, W. (1985). On the social development of the intellect. In V. L. Shulman, L. C. R. Restaino-Baumann & L. Butler (Eds.), The future of Piagatian theory: The Piagetians (pp. 99-121). New York: Plenum Press.

Doise, W. , & Mackie, D. (1981). On the social nature of cognition. In J. P. Forgas (Ed.), Social cognition (pp. 53-83). London: Plenum Press.

Donaldson, M. (1978). Children's minds. Great Britain: Fontana Press.

Dowling, J. W. (1982). Melodic information processing and its development. In D. Deutsch (Ed.), The psychology of music (pp. 413-429). New York: Academic Press.

Draper, T. W. , & Gayle, C. (1987). An analysis of historical reasons for teaching music to young children: Is it the same old song? In J. C. Peery, I. W. Peery & T. W. Draper (Eds.), Music and child development (pp. 194-205). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Duerksen, G. L. (1981). Music for exceptional students. Focus on Exceptional Students, 1l.(4), 1-11.

Dunn, L. (1965). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

Dunn, L. , & Dunn, L. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

Education Department of South Australia. (1981). Music program. South Australia: Curriculum Directorate Music Publication.

300

Education Department of Victoria. (1981). A guide to music in the primary school. Victoria: Publications and Information.

Engelmann, S. , Ross, D. , & Bingham, V. (1986). Basic Language Concepts Test. Tigard, OR: C. C. Publications.

Evans, D. , & O'Callaghan, G. (1987). A modification to the Token Test for children: A developmental approach. Bulletin for Psychologists, 92, 13-16.

Farmer, B. (1982) (Ed.). Springboards. Melbourne: Nelson.

Fahey, W. (1977). Pint pot and billy. Sydney: Collins.

Field, H. M. (1989). Study of literal recall and inferential processing in comprehension of oral narrative by children in their first year of school. Unpublished master's thesis, Macquarie University, Sydney.

Field, H. , & Walsh, J. (1989). Learning to listen and remember. Sydney: Macquarie University Special Education Centre.

Fiske, H. E. (1982). The application of stage reduction theory to musIC listening (Special issue). Psychology of Music, 31-35.

Fiske, H. E. (1984). Music cogmtIOn: Serial process or parallel process? Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 80, 13-26.

Fiske, H. (1985). Cognition strategies in music listening. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 85, 56-64.

Fiske, H. (1987). Cognition structure and the perception of music. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 91, 31-37.

Flavell, J. H. (1971). First discussant's comments: what is memory development the development of? Human Development, 14, 272-278.

301

Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), The nature of intelligence (pp. 231-235). Hillsdale, NJ: Wiley.

Flavell, J. H. (1977). Cognitive development (1st ed.). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Pren tice-Hall.

Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring. American Psychologist. 34, 906-911.

Flavell, J. H. (1981). Cognitive monitoring. In W. P. Dickson (Ed.), Children's oral communication (pp. 35-60). New York: Academic Press.

Flavell, J. H. (1985). Cognitive development (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Flavell, J. H. , Beach, D. R. , & Chinsky, J. M. (1966). Spontaneous verbal rehearsal in a memory task as a function of age. Child Development, ll, 283-299.

Flavell, J. H. , & Wellman, H. M. (1977). Metamemory. In R. W. Kail & J. W. Hagen (Eds.), Perspectives on the develQ,pment of memory and cognition (pp. 3-33). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Flavell, J. H. , Speer, J. R. , Green, F. L. , & August, D. L. (1981). The development of comprehension monitoring and knowledge about communication. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 46 (5, Serial No. 192).

Floyd, J. J. (1985). Listening: a practical approach. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

Forgas, J. P. (1981). Social cognition. London: Academic Press.

Forster, P. , & Doyle, B. A. (1989). Teaching listening skills to students with attention deficit disorders. Teaching Exceptional Children, 21 (2), 20-22.

302

Frankenburg, W. , Dodds, J. , Fandal, A. , Kazuk, E. , & Cohrs, M. (1975). Denver Developmental Screening Test. Denver, CO: LA-DOCA Foundation.

Frostig, M. , & Horne, D. (1964). The Frostig program for the development of visual perception. Chicago, IL: Follett.

Furth, H. G. , & Wachs, H. (1974). Thinking goes to school. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: A theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

Gardner, H. (1985). The mind's new science. New York: Basic Books.

Garner, R. (1981). Monitoring of passage inconsistency among poor comprehenders: A preliminary test of the "piecemeal processing" explanation. Journal of Educational Research, 74(3), 159-162.

Garner, R. (1987). Metacognition and executive control. In R. Garner (Ed.), Metacognition and reading comprehension (pp. 15-30). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Garner, R. , & Kraus, K. (1981-82). Good and poor comprehender differences in knowing and regulating reading behaviors. Educational Research Ouarterly, 6(4), 5-12.

Gerber, A. , & Bryen, D. N. (1981). Language and learning difficulties. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.

Gifford, E. F. (1985). Child development and mUSIC. Australian Journal of Music Education, 1, 28-40.

Glenn, S. M. , & Cunningham, C. C. (1984), Nursery rhymes and early language acquisition. Exceptional Children, 51 (1), 72-74.

303

Goldman, R. , Fristoe, M. , & Woodcock, R. W. (1974). Auditory Skills Test Battery. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.

Gordon, E. E. (1965). Musical Aptitude Profile. Boston, MA: Houghton­Mifflin.

Gordon, E. E. (1984). Learning sequences in music. (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: GJ.A.

Graham, C. R. (1987). Music and the learning of language in early childhood. In J. C. Peery, I. W. Peery, & T. W. Draper (Eds.), Music and child development (pp. 177-183). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Graham, R. M. (1975). Special music education. In R. M. Graham (Ed.), Music for the exceptional child (pp. 1-14). Virginia: MENC National Commission on Instruction.

Greeno, J. G. (1978). A study of problem solving. In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (pp. 13-75). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Greeno, J. G. , & Riley, M. S. (1987). Processes and development of understanding. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition, motivation and understanding (pp. 289-313). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Griffiths, R. (1970). Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England: Association for Research in Infant and Child Development.

Hallahan, D. P. , & Cruickshank, W. M. (1973). Psychoeducational foundations of learning disabilities. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Hammill, D. D. (1990). On defining learning disabilities: An emerging consensus. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23(2), 74-84.

Harris, P. (1978). Developmental aspects of children's memory. In M. M. Gruneberg & P. E. Morris (Eds.), Aspects of memory. London: Methuen.

304

Hays, W. L. (1963). Statistics for psychologists. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Hedden, S. K. (1973). Listeners' responses to music in relation to autochthonous and experiential factors. Journal of Research in Music Education,2.L 225-238.

Hedrick, D. L. , Prather, E. M. , & Tobin, A. R. (1975). Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development. Seattle, WA: University of Seattle.

Heller, J. , & Campbell, W. (1976). Models of language and intellect in music. In A. Motycka (Ed.), Music education for tomorrow's society (pp. 40-49). Jamestown, RI: GAMT Music Press.

Heller, J. , & Campbell, W. (1981). A theoretical model of music perception and talent. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 66-67, 20-24.

Heller, J. , & Campbell, W. (1982). Music communication and cognition. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 72, 1-15.

Hoermann, D. B. (1980). A developmental music programme. Brookvale, Australia: Dominie.

Holt, R. F. (1980). Infant listening comprehension abilities-implications for theory and practice. In T. Le and M. McCausland (Eds.), Proceedings of the Conference Child Language Development: Theory into Practice (pp. 105-124). Tasmania: Launceston Teacher's Centre.

Howell, P. , Cross, I. , & West, R. (1985). Music structure and cognition. New York: Academic Press.

Hresko, W. , Reid, D. , & Hammill, D. (1981). Test of Early Language Development. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

305

Hudson, J. A. (1986). Memories are made of this: General event knowledge and development of autobiographic memory. In K. Nelson (Ed.), Event knowledge (pp. 97-117). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Hullah, J. (1842). Wilhem's method of teaching music adapted to English use. London: Parker.

Jackendoff, R. , & Lerdahl, F. (1982). A grammatical parallel between music and language. In M. Clynes (Ed.), Music. mind. and brain (pp. 83-117). New York: Plenum Press.

Johnstone, I. (1989). Measured tones. Bristol, England: Hilger.

Kalmar, M. (1982). The effects of music education based on Kod~ly's directives in nursery school children - from a psychologists point of view (Special issue). Psychology of Music, 63-69.

I Kalmar, M. (1989). The acquisition of some attribute concepts and the

effects of music education in 3-6 year old children. Canadian Music Educator, Research Edition, 30(2), 51-59.

Kalnins, 1. , & Bruner, J. S. (1973). The coordination of visual observation and instrumental behaviour in early infancy. Perception, 2, 307-314.

Karma, K. (1984). Musical aptitude as the ability to structure acoustic material. International Journal of Music Education, 3, 27-30.

Kehoe, M. , & Dermody, P. (1989, May). Early identification of auditory receptive language problems in kindergarten children. Paper presented at the SPELD Conference, Canberra, Australia.

Keogh, B. K. , Major-Kingsley, S. , Omori-Gordon, H. , & Reid, H. P. (1982). A system of marker variables for the field of learning disabilities. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

Kephart, N. C. (1960). The slow learner in the classroom. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.

-----.-.­....-.~.---~---.-.~---.-.

306

Kirk, S. A. , & Elkins, J. (1975). Characteristics of children enrolled in Child Service Demonstration Centers. Journal of Learning Disabilities, lQ., 630-637.

Kirk, S. A. , & Kirk, W. (1971). Psycholinguistic learning disabilities: Diagnosis and remediation. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

Kirk, S. , McCarthy, J. , & Kirk, W. (1968). Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois.

Kluwe, R. H. (1987). Executive decisions and regulation of problem solving behavior. In F. E. Weinert & R. H. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition. motivation and understanding. (pp. 31-64). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Knapp, M. L. (1978). Nonverbal communication in human interaction. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Kotsonis, M. E. , & Patterson, C. J. (1980). Comprehensive-monitoring skills in learning disabled children. Developmental Psychology, 16(6), 541-542.

Labinowicz, E. (1980). The Piaget primer - thinking - learning - teaching. USA: Addison-Wesley.

Laczo, Z. (1985). The nonmusical outcomes of music education: Influence on intelligence? Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 85, 109-118.

Leask, J. , & Thomas, L. (1986). Upbeat. South Yarra, Melbourne: Bojangles Music.

Leont'ev, A. N. (1981). The problem of activity in psychology. In J. V. Wertsch (Ed. and Trans.), The concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 37-71). Armonk, NY: Sharpe. (Original work published 1972)

Lerner, J. (1985). Learning disabilities: Theories. diagnosis and teaching strategies (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

307

Lindamood, C. H. , & Lindamood, P. C. (1971). Lindamood Auditory Conceptualisation Test. Boston, MA: Teaching Resources Corporation.

Lindamood, C. H. & Lindamood P. C. (1975). The A. D. D. Program: Auditory discrimination in depth. Boston, MA: Teaching Resources Corporation.

Lindamood, C. H. , & Lindamood, P. C. (1979). Lindamood Auditory Conceptualisation Test. Revised Edition. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.

Linder, L. , & Gamer, S. (1976). Foundations of social research. New York: McGraw-Hill.

U li~.

Linzander, K. , & Aurell-Hellstrom, M. (1989). For nyfikna or on och glada fotter (For curious ears and happy feet). Stockholm: Gehrmans Musikforlag.

Lobb, P. (1978). Not just noise. Sydney: CCH Australia.

Luria, A. R. (1973). The working brain. Middlesex, England: Penguin.

Luria, A. R. (1981). Language and cognition. (J. V. Wertsch, Ed.). New York: Wiley & Sons.

MacDonald. J. D. (1978). Environmental Language Inventory. Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Maclean, M. , Bryant, P. , & Bradley, L. (1987). Rhymes, nursery rhymes, and reading in early childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33(3), 255-181.

Mackie. K. , & Dermody. P. (1981). A normative study of the Token Test. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders, 9, 14-23.

Macquarie University. (1980). Basic Language Concepts Screening Test. Sydney: Macquarie University Special Education Centre.

308

Macquarie University. (1984a). Special Education Centre Kindergarten Maths Test. Sydney: Macquarie University Special Education Centre.

Macquarie University. (1984b). Special Education Centre Year 1 Maths Test. Sydney: Macquarie University Special Education Centre.

Madsen, C. K. , Moore, R. S. , Wagner, M. J. , & Yarbrough, C. (1975). A comparison of music as reinforcement for correct mathematical responses versus music as reinforcement for attentiveness. Journal of Music Therapy, 1l(2), 84-95.

Maker, C. J. (1981). Problem solving: A general approach to remediation. In D. D. Smith (Ed.), Teaching the learning disabled (pp. 132-166). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Mandler, J. M. , & Johnson, N. S. (1977). Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 111-151.

Mandler, J. M. , & DeForest, M. (1979). Is there more than one way to recall a story? Child Development, 50, 886-889.

Mann, V. A. , Cowin, E. , & Schoen heimer, J. (1989). Phonological processing, language comprehension, and reading ability. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22(2), 76-89.

Markman, E. M. (1979). Realising that you don't understand: Elementary school children's awareness of inconsistencies. Child Development, 50. 643-655.

Martin, M. (1983). Success! Teaching spelling with music. Academic Therapy, U(4), 505-507.

Martin, E. , & Ramsden, P. (1986). Do learning skills courses improve student learning? In J. A. Bowden (Ed.), Student learning: Research into practice (pp. 149-166). Centre for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne.

309

Mayer, R. G. (1983). Thinking, problem-solving, cognition. New York: Freeman.

McCallum, R. S. (1985). Review of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test­Revised. In J. V. Mitchell, Jr. (Ed.), The nineth mental measurements yearbook (Vol. 2, pp. 1126-1127). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurement, University of Nebraska.

McCarthy, D. (1972). Manual for the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

McCarthy, W. G. (1985). Promoting language development through music. Academic Therapy, 21 (2), 237-242.

McLullich, H. H. (1981, July). Music experience: An aid to the development of language. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the United Kingdom Reading Association, Edinburgh, Scotland.

McMahon, O. (1979). The relationship of music discrimination training to reading and associated auditory skills. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 59, 68 -72.

McMahon, O. (1982). A comparison of language development and verbalisation in response to auditory stimuli in pre-school age children (Special issue). Psychology of Music. 82-85.

McMahon, O. (1984). Developing cognItIve skills through musical experiences. Paper presented at a Special Session at the XVI International Society for Music Education Conference, Eugene, Oregon.

McMahon, O. (1985). Young children's perceptions of the dimensions of sound. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 85, 131-139.

McMahon, O. (1989, June). Enhancing cognitive skills through music. Paper presented at the Early Childhood Music Conference, Darwin, Australia.

__

310

McPherson, G. (1989). Cognitive mediational processes and positive motivation: Implications of educational research for music teaching and learning. Australian Journal of Music Education, 1, 3-19.

McRae, S. W. (1982). The Orff connection - Reaching the special child. Music Educators Journal, April, 32-34.

Menders, P. M. , & Byers, V. W. (1981). Improving listening in the elementary grades. Journal of Communication Disorders, 14, 519-523.

Miller, L. B. (1987). Children's musical behaviors in the natural environment. In J. C. Peery, I. W. Peery and T. W. Draper (Eds.), Music and child development (pp. 206-224). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Minsky, M. (1982). Music, mind, and meaning. In M. Clynes (Ed.), Music, mind. and brain (pp. 1-19). New York: Plenum.

Moog, H. (1982). The foundations of musical learning through hearing: A contribution towards a learning theory of music (Special issue). PsychololiY of Music, 86-90.

Morice, R. D. , & Slaghuis, W. L. (1980). Language disorders in children with reading disabilities. In T. Le and M. McCausland (Eds.), Proceedings of the Conference Child Langualie Development: Theory into Practice (pp. 360-372). Tasmania: Launceston Teacher's Centre.

Morris, R. J. , & McReynolds, R. A. (1986). Behavior modification with special needs children: A review. In R. J. Morris & B. Blatt (Eds.), Special education: Research and trends (pp. 66-130). New York: Pergamon Press.

Morton, J. (1990). The development of event memory. The Psychololiist, 1, 3-10.

Myklebust, H. R. (1968). Learning disabilities: Definition and overview. In H. R. Myklebust (Ed.), Proliress in learninli disabilities (Vol. 1, pp. 1-15). New York: Grune & Stratton.

--------_..... ........

311

Myers, P. I. , & Hammill. D. D. (1982). Learning disabilities. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.

Narrabundah Early Childhood Centre. (1983). Early Childhood Assessment Tool. Watson, ACT: Australian Early Childhood Association.

Neisser, U. (1976). Cognition and reality. San Francisco: Freeman.

Nelson, K. (1986). Event knowledge and cogmtlVe development. In K. Nelson (Ed.), Event knowledge (pp. 1-19). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Nelson, K. , & Gruendel, J. (1986). Children's scripts. In K. Nelson (Ed.), Event knowledge (pp. 21-46). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Newcomer. P. , & Hammill, D. (1982). Test of Language Development, Primary. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.

Newman, A. (1983). The Newman Language of Mathematics Kit. Sydney: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

New South Wales Department of Education (1989). Basics in education. A pre-school package for teachers of children with learning difficulties. Parramatta, NSW: Student Support Services Directorate, NSW Department of Education.

New South Wales Department of School Education (1990). "The sooner the better". Programming in early intervention programs. A support document for teachers. Parramatta, NSW: Special Education and Focus Programs Division, NSW Department of School Education.

Nichols, R. G. , & Stevens, L. A. (1957). Are you listening? New York: McGraw-Hill.

Noll, J. D. , & Berry, W. R. (1969). Some thoughts on the Token Test. Journal of Indianna Speech and Hearing Association, 27, 37-40.

312

Norman, C. A. , & Zigmond, N. (1980). Characteristics of children labelled and served as learning disabled in school systems affiliated with Child Service Demonstration Centers. Journal of Learning Disabilities,.1.1, 546-547.

Outhred, L .• & Bochner, S. (1987). Basic learning in primary schools program: Numeracy strand. Macquarie University: Special Education Centre.

Palinscar, A. S. , & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117-175.

Papousek, H. , & Bernstein, P. (1969). The functions of conditioning stimulation in human neonates and infants. In A. Ambrose (Ed.), Stimulation in early infancy (pp. 229-247). New York: Academic Press.

Paris, S. G. , & Lindauer, B. K. (1982). The development of cognitive skills during childhood. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of developmental psychology (pp. 333-349). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Pascaul-Leone, J. (1970). A mathematical model for the transition rule in Piaget's development stages. Acta Psychologica, 63, 301-345.

Peery, J. C. , Peery, I. W. ,& Draper, T. W. (1987). Music and child development. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Perkins, D. N. , & Salomon, G. (1989). Are cognitive skills context-bound? Educational Researcher, 18(1), 16-25.

Pflederer, M. (1964). The responses of children to musical tasks embodying Piaget's principle of conservation. Journal of Research III

Music Education, Xl1(4), 251-268.

Pflederer, M. (1967). Conservation laws applied to the development of musical intelligence. Journal of Research in Music Education. XV(3), 215-223.

313

Phelps, R. P. (1986). A guide to research in music education (3rd ed.). Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow.

Phillips, D. (1976). An investigation of the relationship between musicality and intelligence. Psychology of Music, 4(2), 16-31.

Pieterse, M. , Cairns, S. , & Treloar, R. (1986). Developmental Skills Inventory. Sydney: Macquarie University Special Education Centre.

Pirtle, M. , & Seaton, K. P. (1973). Use of music training to actuate conceptual growth in neurologically handicapped children. Journal of Research in Music Education, 21(4), 292-301.

Plato. (1974). The republic. (D. Lee, Trans.) (rev. ed.). New York: Penguin.

Polya, G. (1957). How to solve it: A new aspect of mathematical method (2nd ed.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

Pramling, I. (1988). Developing children's thinking about their own learning. British Journal Educational Psychology, 58, 266-278.

Pramling, I. (1990). Learning to learn. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Price, R. D. (1980). The influence of music on language gains in young developmentally delayed children. In P. T. Tallarico (Ed.), Bowling Green State University Symposium on Music Teaching and Research (Vol. 1, pp. 142-168), Ohio, OH: Bowling Green State University Press.

Price, R. D. , & DeFosse, C. (1983). Music and language processing in the central nervous system: State of the art. In R. R. Pratt (Ed.), Second International Symposium of Music Education for the Handicapped (pp. 60-83). Bloomington, IN: Frangipani Press.

Rees, R. J. , & Irvine, J. W. (Eds.) (1981). Responding to need: Special education in the 1980s. Armidale, NSW: Australian Association for Special Education, University of New England Press.

------~

314

Reeve, R. A. , & Brown, A. L. (1985). Metacognition reconsidered: Implications for intervention research. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, U(3), 343-356.

Reis, N. L. , & Van Bloem, L. L. (1990, August). Pitched vocal responses of 0-3 week old neonates to sung musical stimuli. Paper presented at the XVIV International Society for Music Education Congress, Helsinki, Finland.

Reynell, J. (1969). Reynell Developmental Language Scales. Windsor, Berks., England: National Foundation for Education Research.

Robinson, S. M. (1983). A study of the efficacy of instruction in two strategies - rehearsal and self-testing - to increase listening skills of learning disabled students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of New Mexico.

Robinson, S. M. (1989). Oral language: Developing pragmatic skills and communicative competence. In G. A. Robinsin (Ed.), Best practices in mental disabilities (Vol. 2, pp. 251-273). Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.

Robinson, S. M. , & Smith, D. D. (1981). Listening skills: Teaching learning disabled students to be better listeners. Exceptional Children, 13(8), 1-15.

Rosenberg, S. A. , Robinson, C. C. , Finkler, D. , & Rose, J. S. (1987). An empirical comparison of formulas evaluating early intervention program impact on development. Exceptional Children, 54(3), 213-219.

II .,

Sandberg, R (1990). Vad gor de pa lektionerna, egentligen? (What do they really do in their lessons?). Musik Kultur, 3, 13-17.

Salvia, J. , & Ysseldyke, J. E. (1988). Assessment in special and remedial education (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

...... ---- ....._-_.._._---­

315

Sawatzki, M. , & Walsh, R. (1991). Resourcing special education In

times of economic restraint. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 11(2), 20-27.

Scott, C. R. (1979). Pitch concept formation in preschool children. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 59, 87-93.

Seashore, C. E. , Lewis, D. , & Saetveit, J. (1960). Measures of Musical Talents (3rd ed.). New York: Psychological Corporation.

Serafine, M. L. (1983a). Cognition in music. COinition, H, 119-183.

Serafine, M. L. (1983b). Cognitive processes in music: Discoveries vs definitions. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 73, 1-14.

Serafine, M. L. (1988). Music as cOinition. New York: Columbia University Press.

Shank, R. C. , & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts. plans. ioals and understandini. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Shuter-Dyson, R. , & Gabriel, C. (1981). The psycholoiY of musical ability (2nd ed.). London: Methuen.

Siegler, R. S. (1978). The origins of scientific thinking. In R. S. Siegler (Ed.). Children's thinkini: What develops? (pp. 109-149). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Sigman, S. B. (1989). Reaction to excerpts from The Learning Mystique: A rational appeal for change. Journal of Learnini Disabilities, 22(5), 298-300.

Sims, W. (1990, August). Youni children's concept acquisition: Proposed developmental seQuence with implications for teachers and researchers. Paper presented at the XVIV International Society for Music Education Congress, Helsinki, Finland.

316

Sloboda, J. A. (1985), The musical mind. New York: Oxford University Press.

Slowo, N. (1981), Music: A programme of creative music to cultivate concepts and social competence in children with developmental and learning disabilities. Unpublished master's thesis, Monash University, Melbourne.

Small, A. R. (1987). Musical teaching and critical thinking: What do we need to know? Music Educators Journal, 74(1), 46-49.

Smith, K. (1983, June). Orff-Schulwerk: A lively tool in music for special education. Paper presented at the Seventh Australian Association of Special Education National Conference, Mount Gravatt, Brisbane.

Smith, P. , Packham, G. , & McEvedy, M. (1986). Listening effectively. Melbourne: Nelson.

Smith, D. D. , & Robinson, S. M. (1986). Educating the learning disabled. In R. J. Morris & B. Blatt (Eds.), Special education: Research and trends (pp. 222-248). New York: Pergamon.

Sonnenschein, S. (1982). The effects of redundant communications on listeners: When more is less. Child Development, 53, 717-729.

Spekman, N. J. (1981). Dyadic verbal communication abilities of learning disabled and normally achieving fourth-and fifth-grade boys. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 4, 139-151.

Staton, M. (1985). Silver Burdett Music. Morristown, NJ: Silver Burdett.

Stevens, R. (1981). Music: A humanising and civilising influence in education. In G. Featherstone (Ed.), The Colonial Child (pp. 63-72). Melbourne: Royal Historical Society of Victoria.

Suthers, M. (1985). Weaving a mUSIC program for beginners. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.

317

Swanwick, K. (1988). Music. mind. and education. New York: Routledge.

Sylva, K. , Roy, C. , & Painter, M. (1980). Childwatching at playgroup and nursery schooL London: Grant McIntyre.

Tallal, P. (1975). Perceptual and linguistic factors in the language impairment of developmental dysphasics: An experimental investigation with the Token Test. Cortex, l..L 196-205.

Tarver, S. G. , & Hallahan, D. P. (1974). Attention deficits in children with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2(9), 560-569.

Terman, L. , & Merrill, M. (1973). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Chicago, IL: The Riverside Publishing Company.

Thomas, R. M. (1979). Comparing theories of child development. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Thompson, K. (1982). Education of handicapped learners. Music Educators Journal, April, 25-29.

Torgesen, J. K. (1977). The role of nonspecific factors in the task performance of learning disabled children: A theoretical assessment. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 10(1), 27-34.

Torgesen, J. K. (1982). The learning disabled child as an inactive learner: educational implications. Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities, 2, 45-52.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language (E. Hanfmann & G. Vaker, Eds. & Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1972a). An experimental study of concept formation. In Parveen Adams (Ed.), Language and thinking (pp. 277-305). Middlesex, England: Penguin.

318

Vygotsky, L. S. (1972b). Thought and word. In Parveen Adams (Ed.), Language and thinking (pp. 180-213). Middlesex, England: Penguin.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1977). The development of higher psychological functions. (M. Cole, Ed.). Soviet Psychology, XV(3), 60-73. (Original work published 1960)

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner & E. Souberman, Eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1981a). The development of higher forms of attention in childhood. In J. V. Wertsch (Ed. and Trans.), The concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 189-240). Armonk, NY: Sharpe. (Original work published 1956)

Vygotsky, L. S. (1981b). The genesis of higher mental functions. In J. V. Wertsch (Ed. and Trans.), The concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 144-188). Armonk, NY: Sharpe. (Original work published 1960)

Vygotsky, L. S. (1981c). The instrumental method in psychology. In J. V. Wertsch (Ed. and Trans.), The concept of activity in Soviet psychology (pp. 134-143). Armonk, NY: Sharpe. (Original work published 1960)

Walczyk, J. J. , & Hall, V. (1989). Is the failure to monitor comprehension an instance of cognitive impulsivity? Journal of Educational Psychology, li(3), 274-298.

Wapnick, J. (1976). A review of research on attitude and preference. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 48, 1-20.

Ward, D. (1976a). Heart and hands and voices. London: Oxford University Press.

Ward, D. (1976b). Music for slow learners. Report on the Standing Conference for Amateur Music Project sponsered by the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust. Devon, UK: Dartington College of Arts.

319

Ward, D. (1976c). Music for slow learners. Special Education: Forward Trends, 1(3), 23-26.

Webster, P. , & Schlentrich, K. (1982). Discrimination of pitch direction by preschool children with verbal and non-verbal tasks. Journal of Research in Music Education, 30, 151-161.

Wechsler, D. (1967). Manual for the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Cleveland, OH: The Psychological Corporation.

Wechsler, D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Cleveland, OH: The Psychological Corporation.

Weidenbach, V. (1981). The role of the arts in the preparation of handicapped young people for adult society. In The preparation of disabled young people for adult society (pp. 193-216). Commonwealth Schools Commission Discussion Papers.

Wellman, H. M. (1985). The origins of metacognition. In D. Foresset­Pressley, G. MacKinnon, & T. Waller, (Eds.), Metacognition. cognition and human development (pp. 1-31). London: Academic Press.

Wellman, H. M. , Ritter, K. , & Flavell, J. H. (1975). Deliberate memory behavior in the delayed reactions of very young children. Developmental Psychology, 11, 780-787.

Wertsch, J. V. (1979). From social interaction to higher psychological process: A clarification and application of Vygotsky's theory. Human Development, 22, 1-22.

Wertsch, J. V. (1981a). Concept of activity in Soviet psychology. Armonk, NY: Sharpe.

Wertsch, J. V. (1981b). Editor's introduction. In A. R. Luria, Language and cognition (pp. 1-16). New York: Wiley & Sons.

----------------- --------

320

Wertsch, J. V. (1985). Vygotsky and the social formation of mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Wertsch, J. V. , & Stone, C. A. (1985). The concept of internalisation in Vygotsky's account of the genesis of higher mental functions. In J. V. Wertsch (Ed.), Culture. communication. and cognition: Vygotskian perspectives (pp. 162-179). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Whitaker, H. A. , & Noll, J. D. (1972). Some linguistic parameters of the Token Test. Neuropsychologia, lQ., 395-404.

Whitehurst, G. J. , & Sonnenschein, S. (1981). The development of informative messages in referential communication : Knowing when versus knowing how. In W. P. Dickson (Ed.), Children's oral communication skills (pp. 127-141). New York: Academic Press.

Wiig, E. H. (1985). Review of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. In J. V. Mitchell, Jr. (Ed.), The nineth mental measurements yearbook (Vol. 2, pp. 1127-1128). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurement, University of Nebraska.

Williams, D. B. (1982). Auditory cognition: A study of the similarities in memory processing for music tones and spoken words. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 71, 30-44.

Williams, M. (1989). Vygotsky's social theory of mind. Harvard Educational Review, 59(1), 108-126.

Wilkinson, A. , Stratta, L. , & Dudley, P. (1974). The quality of listening. London: Macmillan.

Wilkinson, J. (1988). Context effects in children's event memory. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris. , & R. N. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues : Vol. 1. (pp. 107-111). Chichester: Wiley.

321

Wilt, M. E. (1950). A study of teacher awareness of listening as a factor in elementary education. Journal of Education Research, 43 (8), 626-636.

Wing, H. (1961). Standardised Tests of Musical Intelligence (5th ed.). Windsor, Berks., England: National Foundation for Educational Research.

Wing, H. (1968). Tests of musical ability and appreciation (2nd ed.). London: Cambridge University Press.

Wolery, M. (1983). Proportional change index: An alternative for comparing child change data. Exceptional Children, 50(2), 167-170.

Wolvin, A. D. , & Coakley, C. G. (1985). Listening (2nd ed.). Dubuque, IA: Brown.

Wong, B. Y. L. (1979). Increasing retention of main ideas through questioning strategies. Learning Disability Quarterly, 2, 42-47.

Wong, B. Y. L. (1980). Activating the inactive learner: Use of questions/prompts to enhance comprehension and retention of implied information in learning disabled children. Learning Disability Quarterly, 1, 29-37.

Wong, B. Y. L. (1987). How do the results of metacognitive research impact on the learning disabled individual? Learning Disability Quarterly, ill, 189-195.

Wong, B. Y. L. , & Jones, W. (1982). Increasing metacomprehension in learning disabled and normally achieving students through self-questioning training. Learning Disability Quarterly, 5, 228-240.

Wood, D. (1988). How children think and learn. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

322

Yager, S. , Johnson, D. W. , & Johnson, R. T. (1985). Oral discussion, group­to-individual transfer, and achievement in cooperative learning groups. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77 (1), 60-66.

Zimmerman, 1. L. , Steiner, V. G. , & Pond, R. E. (1969). Preschool Language Scale. Columbus, OR: Merrill.

Zimmerman, M. P. (1984). The relevance of Piagetian theory for music education. International Journal of Music Education, 3, 31-34.