references - scottish raptor study group · amar, a., redpath, s. & thirgood, s. (2003)....

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access to land 39 Accipitriformes 22, 282, 323 Accipiter A. gentilis see goshawk A. nisus see sparrowhawkAccipiters 244adder 167 addled (eggs) 50, 323 adverse weather see weatheraerial display 26, 67, 153, 179, 212, 235 see also displayaerial photographs 10 aerial surveys 13-14 ageing and sexing young 33, 35-37, 68, 82 measurements for 50-56alarm calls 28, 74, 106, 171, 227 ‘alert’ 10 alert distance 67alula 249altricial 282 see also semi-altricialAnimals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 42 annual cycle 13, 35Aquila chrysaetos see golden eagleARTS (Automatic Radio Tracking Station) 31 ascendant 244, 246ash 192, 205, 307 Asio A. flammeus see short-eared owl A. otus see long-eared owlASL (above sea level) 323 assemblage 7, 10, 69 , 323asymptotic 116, 148, 323 asynchronous hatching 21, 79, 323Athene noctua see little owlAutomatic Radio Tracking Station 31 avian influenza 61 bacterial diseases 61 badger 74 bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) 13 bank vole 209

barn owl (Tyto alba) 3, 14, 15, 25, 36–38, 191–198, 205, 246, 247, 296, 298, 41, 42Barn Owl Monitoring Programme 15baskets, nesting 37, 166, 177, 218 bats 178 BBS (Breeding Bird Survey) 7, 14, 50, 297, 298 beech 71, 72, 79, 222, 307 bees 71, 69 bill (culmen), measuring 54, 55, 82, 83, 90, 148, 149, 155, 172, 173, 324binoculars 46 biological markers 7, 33–35 biome 34, 323 birch 79, 102, 128, 167, 169, 307 Birds Directive (EU) 4, 59BirdWatch Ireland 14, 296 black kite (Milvus migrans) 239 blood samples 11, 39 licences for 42 BOU (British Ornithologists’ Union) xiv, 5bracken 102, 167, 169, 218, 224, 308 bramble 218 breeding behaviour of raptors 26 ff display 26 egg laying and incubation 27 hunting and feeding 27 interpretation of 28 evidence for 21 failure 7, 15, 20–23, 27, 46, 68 see also non-breeding pairs 16, 16, 17, 20, 295 rare birds see RBBP season 19 ff, 46, 47, 67, 244, 246, 247, 305 success see productivityBreeding Bird Survey see BBSBritish Association for Shooting and Conservation 58British Ornithologists’ Union see BOUBritish Trust for Ornithology see BTO brood size 46, 66, 72, 306 BTO (British Trust for Ornithology) 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15, 29, 30, 31, 33, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 49, 50, 59, 61, 62, 303, 323

IndexNotes: 1. Italicised page numbers indicate the pages of illustrations; there are frequently textual references on the same page. 2. Bold numbers indicate plate numbers.3. All references are to the United Kingdom, except where otherwise specified.4. ff: ‘and following pages/plates’


Barn Owl Monitoring Programme 15 Breeding Bird Survey (with JNCC and RSPB) 6, 7, 50, 323 licences and permits see Ringing Unit Scotland 5 see also Ringing Unit Bubo B. bubo see eagle owl B. scandiacus see snowy owlButeo B. buteo see buzzard B. lagopus see rough-legged buzzardbuzzard (Buteo buteo) 3, 7, 14, 15, 20, 25, 26, 30, 32, 71, 72, 79, 81, 88, 107, 119, 136–142, 158, 167, 169, 171, 177, 185, 210, 213, 236, 246, 248, 295, 297, 298, 23, 24buzzards see buzzard; honey-buzzard; rough-legged buzzard

calls, calling 8, 13, 24, 28, 44, 45, 48, 297 see also perching-and-calling; vocalisations call playback 13, 121, 161, 212-213, 206-207, 220Camphylobacter jejeuni 61 captive birds, escaped 24, 34 carpal joint 244, 249carrion crow (Corvus corone) 72, 185 CBS (Countryside Bird Survey) 14, 323 CCW (Countryside Council for Wales) 42, 43, 299, 323CEH (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, formerly ITE) 3 census techniques 11 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology see CEHcere 54, 90, 181, 58, 59chemical markers 7, 11, 35–35 chicks crop fullness 55, 56, 75, 142, 181, 324, 70 growth and development 8, 34, 35–37, 282, 58-80 see also growth curves handling and measuring 50–56 see also ageing and sexing young; fledging; immature birds; ringing Circus C. aeruginosus see marsh harrier C. cyaneus see hen harrier C. macrourus see pallid harrier C. pygargus see Montagu’s harrierclaw 35, 60, 103 measurement 54, 108, 115clothing for observers 44, 59, 60, 61 clutch size 46, 66, 72, 306 see also incubationCoillte (Ireland) 43 common buzzard see buzzardcommon kestrel see kestrel

compass (bearing) 13, 27, 46, 48, 49, 95, 96 Conservation Ranger (Ireland) 58 conspecific 19, 48, 323 contour feather 148, 244, 247 ffcopulations, extra-pair 151 cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) 35 corroboration (Scots law) 57 Corvidae see corvidscorvids 8, 22, 25, 74, 78, 106, 160, 166, 167, 169, 171, 180, 181, 228, 236, 324 Corvus C. corax see raven C. cornix see hooded crow C. corone see carrion crow C. frugilegus see rook see also crows, corvids count units 7, 17Countryside Bird Survey see CBS Countryside Council for Wales see CCW Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 39, 43 coverts 78, 110, 162, 163, 181, 246, 247, 314, 324crepuscular 45, 179, 194, 203, 226, 231, 324crime, wildlife/persecution 44, 47, 57-59crop (digestive tract) 55, 56, 75, 142, 181, 324, 70crown (of the head) 92, 282Crown and Common Lands (public ramblage, Isle of Man) 43 crows 20, 79, 81, 137, 159, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 177, 185, 210, 213, 218, 236, 239 see also carrion crow; corvids; Corvus; hooded crow; carrion crow Cruelty to Animals Act 1997 (Isle of Man) 42 culmen, (measuring) length see bill DAFF (Departure of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Isle of Man) 41, 42, 43, 300, 324demography 18, 29 see also populationDepartment of Environment, Transport and Regions see DETRDeparture of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry see DAFF descendant 244 ffDETR (Department of Environment, Transport and Regions) 4 diet 35, 136, 207dimorphism, sexual see sexual dimorphism diseases 60–62 dispersal 10, 11, 18, 32, 34, 324display 7, 17, 19, 26–27, 28, 33, 45, 48, 67 aerial see aerial display mantling see mantling display see also flight-play; mock-fighting; sky-dancing; soaring-and-calling display; ‘wing-clapping’


disturbance 2, 3, 8, 11, 13, 21, 35, 36, 39 ff, 44 ff, 57, 67, 308DNA, use for identification 33–34, 42, 58, 75, 83 Douglas fir 71, 307 down 50, 83, 282, 58 ff trails of 21, 23 droppings 20 ff, 25, 61

eagle owl (Bubo bubo) 240–241, 244, 247, 43–44 eagles 30, 31, 236 see also golden eagle; white-tailed eagle EU (European Union) Birds Directive (1979) 4, 59 `ecological traps’ 11 eggs addled/infertile 22, 36, 50, 199, 310 and breeding failure 7, 15, 20–23, 27, 46, 68 density 35–36, 68 handling and measuring 36, 39, 41, 68, 198, 214, 216 laying and incubation 27 mass 35–36, 55 see also clutch size and incubation; nests elm 192, 307 emargination 245, 249 EN (English Nature) 324 see Natural Englandencephalitis, tick-borne 61 English Nature see ENEnglish Raptor Study Groups 302Environment and Heritage Service (former) 326environmental impact assessments (wind farms) 13, 59 equipment basic 46 health and safety 59, 60 radio-tagging 32 night-vision 226Escherichia coli 61 Eurasian eagle owl see eagle owl Eurasian hobby see hobby Eurasian sparrowhawk see sparrowhawk Europe 5, 6, 7, 61, 70, 72, 77, 85, 86, 91, 245, 298 European honey buzzard see honey-buzzardEuropean Union 4, 6European Commission 4extra-pair copulations 151, 324eyrie 86 ff, 144 ff, 151, 154, 185 ff, 233, 324 failure, breeding 7, 15, 20–23, 27, 46, 68Falco F. columbarius see merlin F. peregrinus see peregrine F. rusticolus see gyr falcon F. subbuteo see hobby

F. tinnunculus see kestrelfalcons 30, 170, 186, 234, 244 see also merlin; peregrine; gyr falcon; hobby; kestrelFalconiformes 8, 282, 324 see also falcons; Falcofalconry 24, 51, 269, 325 feathers ix ff, 7, 8, 11, 17, 20, 23 ff, 30, 33 ff, 37, 42, 48, 51, 54, 73 243–280, 1–57 growth 51, 119, 244, 58 ff morphology 244–245, 249 see also alula; contour feather; fledging; moult; moulted feathers; pins; primary; quill; rachis; secondary; wing and tail feathers feeding 27–28 courtship 7 rate 33, 66fidelity 324 site 29, 30, 34, 66, 106 mate 30field vole 101, 112, 157 ff fieldwork(er) ix ff, 3 ff, 6–8, 19 ff frequency of site visits 45–46 good practice for 39–63 legal aspects 39–44 minimising disturbance and good field craft 44–45 observer effort 46 population estimates 16, 17 survey methods 11, 13 time of day 45 weather 45 wildlife crime 57-59 see also handling and measuring eggs and young; health and safety; licences and permits; recording observations and site features fir see Douglas fir fledging/fledgling 21–23, 32, 35, 50, 68, 241, 282, 309, 324flight-play 26, 88, 104 food pass 21, 27, 48, 95, 96, 104, 105, 106, 113 ff, 170, 179, 180, 188, 189foot 51 ff span, measuring 54 see also tarsus measurement; hind clawfox see red fox Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust 58 Garrulus glandarius see jay genetic markers 11, 25, 33–34, 35 Global Positioning System see GPS golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 ff, 17, 19, 20, 26–28, 31, 32, 34, 39, 86, 88, 143- 149, 158, 167, 185, 233, 244, 246, 282, 295, 298, 25, 26, 58–63


recording forms 314–316 Golden Eagle Trust 295, 302 see also Irish Raptor Study Groupgorse 111, 137 goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) 13, 14, 19, 26 ff, 32, 38, 65, 71, 72, 79, 117–126, 128, 246, 295, 298, 19, 20 GPS (Global Positioning System) 32, 46 ff, 58, 324grey heron (Ardea cinerea) 25, 158, 169, 185 grid references, recording 15, 47 ff, 58, 59, 305, 306, 311 grouse 61, 188, 307, 311 butts 169, 307 moor 11, 143, 233, 316growth curves 34, 36, 37, 68, 325, 327, 328gulls 22, 25, 88 gyr falcon (Falco rusticolus) 234, 240

habitat 2, 6, 10 ff, 20, 25 ff, 34, 60, 66, 69, 71, 246, 297 description and coding 47–50 Haliaeetus H. albicilla see white-tailed eagle H. leucocephalus see bald eagle hallux 148, 149, 325handling and measuring eggs and young 50–57 hare 61, 236 see also leveretharriers 14, 17, 26, 27, 30, 244 see also marsh harrier; hen harrier; Montagu’s harrier; pallid harrier hatching, asynchronous 21, 79Hawk and Owl Trust 14 hawks 244, 323 see also sparrowhawk; goshawkhawthorn 218, 222 head and bill length 37, 55, 55health and safety 8, 30, 41, 48, 50, 59-64, 67, 73 diseases 60-61 legislation and responsibilities 62-63 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 62 Health and Safety at Work Inspectorate (Isle of Man) 62Health and Safety at Work (Northern Ireland) Order 1978 63Health and Safety Authority (Ireland) 63Health and Safety Executive (HSE) 60, 62 Health and Safety Executive (Northern Ireland) 62heather 20, 49, 86, 307 ffhen harrier (Circus cyanus) 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 20, 23, 26, 27, 30, 32, 100–109, 167, 171, 175, 224, 231, 239, 246, 282, 295, 297, 298, 305, 311, 11–14, 80 recording form 312

hind claw 54, 124, 125, 126, 173, 190hobby (Falco subbuteo) 7, 14, 15, 20, 28, 176– 183, 234, 246, 282, 296–298, 37, 38, 70–72 holes, nests in 20, 25, 37, 158, 159, 161, 192, 196, 205, 207, 210, 241Home Office 42 home ranges 11 ff, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 34, 45, 46, 47, 57, 66, 67, 68, 295, 305, 314 ff see also nesting range; occupancy; territoryhoney-buzzard (Pernis apivorus) 5, 14, 15, 28, 32, 70–76, 246, 295, 297, 298, 1, 2 hooded crow (Corvus cornix) 158, 239 hunting (in birds) 19, 21, 27–28, 30, 81, 245 hybrids, hybridisation 24, 239, 240hypothermia 59 identification of raptors 7, 8, 24–28, 30, 33, 34, 37, 42, 66, 67, 72, 73, 122, 150, 245, 247–248illegal (persecution; egg collection; poisoning) 2, 11, 14, 39, 40, 57, 58, 100, 107, 143, 151, 310 see also crime, wildlife; persecution; poisoningimmature birds 11, 18, 22, 24, 32, 247, 309, 311, 314, 325 see also juvenile immunisation 60–61 inbreeding 34 incubation 20, 22, 27, 28, 33, 35, 36, 44, 45, 46, 50, 56, 66, 68, 246, 314, 320, 325 see also clutch size and incubation influenza, avian 61 insects 28, 74, 160, 177 ff, 207, 236, 248 Institute for Terrestrial Ecology see ITE Ireland see Northern Ireland; Republic of Ireland Irish Raptor Study Group 7, 295, 296, 302 see also Golden Eagle TrustIsle of Man 4, 7, 12, 24, 67, 73, 80 health and safety 62 legislation 39, 41, 42, 43, 58 population status and trends 295-297 see also DAFF isotopes, chemical markers 33 ff ITE (Institute for Terrestrial Ecology) 3, 325 see CEHjay (Garrulus glandarius) 158, 210, 213 jesses (in falconry) 24, 257, 325JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee) 4, 5, 7, 14, 50, 301, 323, 325, 326Joint Nature Conservation Committee see JNCC juvenile 32, 34, 244, 248, 325 keratinous 35, 325kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) 3, 7, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 37, 38, 157–164, 167, 170, 180, 207, 218, 234, 246, 296–298, 29–32kills 7, 21, 24–25, 67, 105kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) 25 kites 30, 236, 244 black (Milvus migrans) 239 red (Milvus milvus) see red kite


lagomorphs 112, 325 see also rabbit; hare Land Reform Act (Scotland) 2003 42 larch 79, 118, 121, 128, 218, 307 law see legal considerations for fieldwork; legislation leg see tarsus legal (considerations for fieldwork) 2, 39-44, 58, 67 see also legislation; licences legislation 8, 39-44, 54 England and Wales 39–43, 62 Europe 4 health and safety 62-63 Isle of Man 39–43, 41, 42, 62 Northern Ireland 40–44, 63 Republic of Ireland 40–43, 63 Scotland 39–43, 52, 62 see also licences and permits leptospirosis 60 lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) 32 leveret 112 licences and permits 39-42, 48, 60 handle eggs 36 nest visits 8, 39–41, 50, 57 photography 41 ringing 29, 39, 40–41, 50 taking blood or tissue samples 33, 42 wing-tagging and remote tracking 41–42 see also Ringing Unit; Schedule 1 little owl (Athene noctua) 15, 37, 38, 204–208, 247, 282, 296–298, 47–48, 73–78 Local Access Forum 42 Local Authority 42 Local Bird Recorders 14, 24, 240, 241, 304long-eared owl (Asio otus) 15, 38, 213, 217–222, 227, 247, 296–298, 52–53 Lyme disease 61 magpie (Pica pica) 158, 205, 210, 218 mammals and predation 24, 25, 48, 58, 158, 160, 193, 209, 211, 248 see also prey; voles mandible 54mantle 101mantling display 57, 201, 325maps 10–12, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 80, 95, 311–312, 318 marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) 14, 19, 30, 32, 92–99, 243, 246, 295, 297, 298, 305, 7–10 recording form 320mass (of bird/chick) 34, 37, 55, 326 see also egg mass ‘Mayfield’ method 22meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis) 14

measurements of chicks 35, 36, 37, 48, 50-56 of eggs 35–36, 48, 50, 56, 57 of feathers 51, 247, 248merlin (Falco columbarius) 3, 7, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21, 25, 27, 38, 165–175, 234, 246, 282, 296, 298, 33–36, 64–69 metapopulation 34, 326migration (immigration, emigration) 10, 11, 18, 29, 32, 34, 71, 246 see also dispersal Milvus M. migrans see black kite M. milvus see red kitemink 167 mobbing 45, 214, 227 mock-fighting, mock-attacks 26, 95, 146, 160 monogamous 17, 101, 324, 326Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus) 15, 110-16, 246, 295, 298, 15–18 Moult 35, 244-247, 324, 325, 326moulted feathers 17, 20, 25, 26, 33, 34, 244, 246, 247, 248, 309

nape 101, 208National Parks and Wildlife Service see NPWS Natural England 299, 302, 324Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 39, 87, 145, 153 Nature Conservancy Council 3 Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 39, 87 neotropical 34, 326nesting range 19–20, 28, 45, 68, 306nests and nest sites 10, 11-12, 13, 16, 19-20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 33, 44 ff, 50, 57 ff, 66 ff, 246, 282, 297, 305 ff, 316, 318, 324 see also holes, nests in; licences for nest visits nest boxes 20, 37-38, 60, 62, 308Nest Record Card (NRC) 15, 59, 326Nest Record Scheme 4, 14, 37, 40, 41, 326nestling see chicks, ageing and sexing youngNIEA (Northern Ireland Environment Agency) 41, 42, 300, 326 nocturnal species ix, 13, 18, 24, 26, 28, 45 see also owls nomograms 35-37, 68non-breeding birds 11, 17-18, 19, 21, 22–23, 68, 73, 314 Northern England Raptor Forum 301northern goshawk see goshawkNorthern Ireland 4, 7, 311 Environment Agency see NIEA health and safety legislation 62–63, 67 legislation and licensing 40–44, 58


population status and trends 295–297 Raptor Study Groups 302northern harrier see hen harrier northern raven see ravenNorway 6, 85, 86, 200, 209 Norway spruce 129, 222, 308 notch (feather) 245, 249 notebooks 46–48NPWS (National Parks and Wildlife Service, Ireland) 41–43, 58, 300, 326NRC see Nest Record Card

oak 71, 72, 79, 192, 205, 307 occupancy 5, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 28, 45, 46, 66, 67, 305, 309Occupiers Liability Act (Republic of Ireland) 1995 43Ordnance Survey 43, 47organochlorines ix, 2 Orkney vole 226 osprey (Pandion haliaetus) 3, 7, 13, 14, 19, 20, 26, 27, 32, 37, 39, 81, 150–155, 244, 249, 246, 295, 298, 27, 28 owls 5, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18–26, 28, 40, 60, 158, 244, 246–248, 282 see also barn owl; eagle owl; little owl; long-eared owl; short-eared owl; snowy owl; tawny owl Palaearctic 224, 326pallid harrier (Circus macrourus) 239 Pandion haliaetus see ospreyPartnership for Action Against Wildlife Crime see PAWPasseriformes 8, 326passerines 61, 166, 170, 177, 282, 326passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags 33 PAW (Partnership for Action Against Wildlife Crime) 58 pellets 7, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 61, 67, 81 see also signs, recognition ofperching-and-calling display behaviour 26 peregrine (Falco perigrinus) 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 167, 184-190, 233, 234, 236, 246, 281, 296, 298, 39, 40permits see licences and permits; Ringing Unit Pernis apivorus see honey-buzzardpersecution see crime, wildlife; illegal pesticides ix, 2, 3, 15, 298 pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) 32, 61, 248photograph 10, 26, 48, 57, 58, 244, 247–248, 282, 318 licences for 40, 41 pigeons (Columbidae) 4, 158, 188, 236 see also woodpigeon

pine 119, 144, 169, 177, 218, 307 see also Scots pinepine marten 38 pins (feathers) 37, 83, 135, 190, 77, 326PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tags 33 platform terminal transmitters (PTTs) 32 point counts 12–13 poison 2, 11, 57, 58, 310 Police Wildlife Crime Officer (PWCO) 58 poliomyelitis 61 polyandry 101, 111, 326polygyny 101, 102, 104, 107, 326population 1–7, 10, 12–15, 16–18, 19–23, 24–28, 29–38, 39–63, 326 count units 16 estimates 10, 16-18 modelling 11 sampling 16 status and trends 294-298 see also demography; metapopulation; non-breeding birds; productivity prey 2, 14, 19, 20, 24–25, 27–28, 49, 57, 68, 309 see also hunting and feeding; kills, volesprimary (feather) 51, 115, 131, 132, 135, 140, 141, 142, 173, 175, 190, 198, 234, 237, 244–247, 249, 314, 324productivity (of breeding) 3, 5, 7, 13, 16, 21, 22, 29, 31, 66, 68, 71, 305, 306, 314 PTTs (platform terminal transmitters) 32Public Liability Insurance 44 pullus/pulli 31, 326purple moor grass 102PWCO (Police Wildlife Crime Officer) 58 quill (feather) 24, 107, 140, 198, 245, 247, 249 rabbit 25, 112, 137, 158, 201, 205, 207, 236 race (of a species) 34, 68, 126, 148, 191, 326rachis 230, 245, 249 radio-tracking 31-32, 144random/randomised (selection, sample) 12, 14, 16, 126, 135, 142, 164, 306, 326ranges see home ranges Raptor Monitoring Officer (SRMG) 5, 30, 301, 305 Raptor Study Groups x, 3–4, 7, 14, 16, 44 Scottish (SRGS) 5, 6, 7 Rare Breeding Birds panel see RBBPRare Breeding Birds Panel (Republic of Ireland) 14raven (Corvus corax) 5, 8, 15, 20, 21, 24, 28, 30, 40, 79, 158, 167, 169, 171, 172, 177, 185, 232–238, 244, 246, 282, 296, 298, 56, 57 RBBP (Rare Breeding Birds Panel) 5, 14, 304, 327recording 7, 8, 15, 22, 28, 46-49, 47, 68 forms 47, 305–320


red fox 24, 25, 38, 167 red kite (Milvus milvus) 3, 6, 7, 13, 13, 14, 25, 30, 77–84, 239, 246, 295, 297, 298, 307, 3, 4 remote tracking 7, 31–33 licences for 41–42 Republic of Ireland 4, 7, 14, 58 access 43 health and safety 62, 63 legislation and licenses 39–42, 67 National Parks and Wildlife Service see NPWS population status and trends 295–297 ringing 29–30, 31, 33, 44, 49, 50, 59, 60, 66, 67, 70 forms 7 Irish Ringing Scheme 29 licences, permits and legislation 39–43 Ringing Unit (BTO) 29, 30, 31, 39–43, 44, 50risk assessment 63 road surveys 12, 84, 99, 109rook (Corvus frugilegus) 158 rosebay willowherb 102rough-legged buzzard (Buteo lagopus) 239–240 rowan (mountain ash) 187, 307 Royal Society for Protection of Birds see RSPB RSPB (Royal Society for Protection of Birds) xi, xii, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 50, 58, 303 Scotland 2, 5Russia 199, 298 safety see health and safety Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act (Republic of Ireland) 1989, 2005 63 salmonellosis 61 sample, sampling x, 10–12, 16, 31 ff, 42, 46, 68, 244, 248, 305, 311 see also blood sample; stratified sampling; tissue sample satellite imagery 10satellite tracking 32 SCARABBS (Statutory Conservation Agencies/RSPB Annual Breeding Bird Scheme) 14 Schedule 1 14, 39, 40 ffSchedule II 41, 67Schedule ZA1 87, 145, 153Scotland/Scottish 2, 3, 5 ff, 11, 12, 20, 31, 33, 34, 57, 58, 62 legislation and licenses; Scots law 39–43, 57 Natural Heritage see SNH Ornithologists’ Club see SOC Outdoor Access Code 43 population status and trends 295–298 Raptor Monitoring Group see SRMG Raptor Monitoring Scheme see SRMS Raptor Study Groups see SRSG Scots pine 71, 79, 144, 151, 167, 308

seabirds 35, 88, 187season 34, 39, 40, 45 ff, 66–69, 314 seasonal movements 29 see also breeding season secondary (feather) 222, 230, 231, 244, 247, 249, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ff sexing see ageing and sexing sexual dimorphism 37, 50, 127, 244, 247, 327short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) 1, 7, 13, 167, 210, 212, 222, 223-231, 282, 297, 305, 54, 55 recording form 313sightings, of birds 5, 17, 20, 21, 30, 31, 47-49, 297, 311, 315 single birds and occupancy 17, 121, 143, 232, 235 sites see home ranges; nests and nest sites; occupancy; territory; study plotSites of Special Scientific Interest see SSSIs sitka spruce 167, 160 sky-dancing 26, 104, 113, 130, 139, 146 SNH (Scottish National Heritage) 4, 5, 42, 43, 299, 318, 327snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus) 199–203, 247, 45, 46soaring-and-calling display behaviour 26 SOC (Scottish Ornithologists’ Club) 4, 5, 304, 327sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) 3, 7, 14, 15, 19, 21, 25, 26, 27, 30, 38, 117, 119, 127–135, 158, 213, 246, 295–298, 21, 22SPAs (Special Protection Areas) 4, 5, 327spruce 102, 218 see also Norway spruce: sitka sprucesquirrel 72, 79, 177, 210, 213, 218 SRMG (Scottish Raptor Monitoring Group) 5, 6, 30, 301, 327 see also Raptor Monitoring Officer SRMS (Scottish Raptor Monitoring Scheme) 5, 15, 47, 59, 62, 305, 306, 327 see also Scottish Raptor Monitoring Group (SRMG)SRSG (Scottish Raptor Study Groups) 5, 301SSSIs (Sites of Special Scientific Interest) 5, 327standardised counts 12 stand-watches (vantage point surveys) 13 statistical confidence limits 12, 327status of raptors 6–7, 294–298Statutory Country Conservation Agencies/Statutory Nature Conservation Agencies 4, 14, 15, 24, 39 ff, 58 ff, 114, 241, 328stoat 167 stratified sampling 16, 169, 328Strigiformes 8, 282, 328 see also owls Strix aluco see tawny owlstudy plot 10, 16, 328surveillance 10–15


survey 10–15 and monitoring in Britain and Ireland 14–15 methods 6, 8, 11–13, 16, 66, 69, 239 see also transect surveys; point counts; aerial surveys; call playbacksurvival rates 4, 11, 18, 29, 34, 35, 161Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni) 32 swift (Apus apus) 177 sycamore 79, 128, 192 tail feather(s) 8, 26, 48, 81, 83, 122, 150, 202, 244 ff, 249tarsus (measurement) 37, 51, 52, 53 tawny owl (Strix aluco)13, 15, 19, 32, 36 ff, 194 ff, 306, 209–216, 217, 220, 221, 247, 275, 296–298, 49–51 territorial pairs 6, 16, 17, 22, 295, 297 see also breeding pairterritory 11, 17, 19, 20, 66, 67, 297 see also home ranges tetanus 60, 61 ticks 61 time of day for fieldwork/of observation 12, 45, 46, 55, 67 tissue samples, licences for 42 trace elements 35 training for surveying, ringing, marking and handling x, 29, 30, 33, 40, 41, 50, 60 transect surveys 12-14 traps and snares 11, 57–58, 307Tyto alba see barn owl UK Raptor Working Group 4-5, 7 undertail coverts (feathers) 110, 181 see also covertsUnited States 20, 37, 155 vantage points 12, 13, 44, 48, 49 see also stand-watches (vantage point surveys) viral diseases 61 visits to sites access 42–43 frequency 45–46 licences and permits 39–41 recording details 46-50vocalisations 28 see also calls, calling voles 101, 112, 157, 158, 218, 219, 223 ff see also bank vole; field vole; Orkney vole volunteers ix, 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15, 43, 62 waders 94, 188 Wales 34 Countryside Council for see CCW health and safety 62

legislation and licences 39 ff, 58 population status and trends 295–297 Raptor Study Groups 302wasps 60, 71 ff weather (conditions; adverse/poor) 10, 13, 22, 45 ff, 49, 50, 55 ff, 248, 310 recording 12, 50 western barn owl see barn owlwestern marsh harrier see marsh harrierwestern osprey see ospreyWeil’s disease 60 white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) cover image, 3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 20, 26, 30, 35, 37, 39, 85–91, 146, 147, 246, 295, 298, 5, 6 Wildlife Act 1976 (Republic of Ireland) 40, 41, 42, 67Wildlife Act 1990 (Isle of Man) 39, 40, 41, 67 Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000 (Republic of Ireland) 40Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 14, 39, 40, 57, 67wildlife crime see crime willow 102, 192, 218, 222 windfarms 13, 59wing 25 feather(s) 8, 26, 48, 244 ff, 249 see also primary (feather); secondary (feather); tail feathers length, measuring 37, 51 tagging and licences 29, 30–31, 41, 48 ‘wing-clapping’ courtship display flight 73, 74, 220, 227winter roost survey, hen harrier 14 wintering populations 4, 11, 34, 35, 66, 69woodland raptors 13, 28 woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) 158, 181, 188, 210, 213, 221 young birds see chicks; juvenile; immature birds

zoonoses 60

Price £18.99Jon Hardey Humphrey Crick Chris WernhamHelen Riley Brian Etheridge Des Thompson

Jon Hardey H

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Helen Riley

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a Field Guide for Surveys and Monitoring

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This is the second edition of the highly successful field guide to methods for surveying and monitoring raptors. Incorporating new information and feedback from raptor experts on the first edition, the book covers all birds of prey (diurnal raptors and owls) which occur regularly in Britain and Ireland. Photographic guides to raptor feathers and the growth of raptor chicks are important additions, which fieldworkers will find invaluable.

Written and edited by a team from the Scottish Raptor Monitoring Group, the book draws on the knowledge and experience of more than 300 raptor specialists, in particular members of the Raptor Study Groups. It has been funded by Scottish Natural Heritage, with assistance from the other Statutory Nature Conservation Agencies in Britain and Ireland and from voluntary conservation bodies concerned with birds of prey. There are growing demands for high quality information on the numbers, distribution and population trends of these fascinating birds. This book aims to promote best practice for fieldwork, and should provide an excellent starting point for anyone beginning a raptor study.

“People studying raptors should find this book indispensable…”Professor Ian Newton FRS

Raptors

references - scottish raptor study group · amar, a., redpath, s. & thirgood, s. (2003)....

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