referencing harvard style3 compatibility mode

8/8/2019 Referencing Harvard Style3 Compatibility Mode

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Referencing Harvard Style

Sylvia Gwilliam and Michael Schmidt

Business School, BCU


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Objectives

To understand:

When To Reference

Where To Reference

How To Reference


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What is a Reference

A Reference is the acknowledgment of theuse of someone elses words, ideas, graphs

or tables in our own work.

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It is an accepted method of obtainingpermission without contacting the author

concerned to ask them.


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When to Reference

Each time we quote,summarise orparaphrase (interpret, reword) anotherauthors words, ideas, graphs or tables in

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A Paraphrase means presenting another

authors words in our own terms.Although it is not a direct quotation theideas are not our own.


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Where to Reference

In the main body of the text EVERY time

another authors work is used

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At the end of the Assignment, Report or

Presentation in a comprehensive list of every

work used


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What if I fail to Reference

Failure to Reference is called Plagiarism

Pla iarism is a serious disci linar o ence

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It could lose you the mark for your work

OR EVEN

Your Place on the Course


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Which System of Referencing

Harvard System

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Vancouver System


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How to Reference 1Citing in the Main Text

In the Main Body of the text as a DirectQuotation.

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For a few words enclose the quote inQuotation Marks ()thus:

Marketing is a special blend of art and

science , (Silbiger, 1999 p12)


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Direct Quotation Continued:When the quotation is 2 or more lines;

It is not necessar to use uotation marks

but indent the quotation in the next linethus:

People from all over the world study atAmerican business schools. They continue

to enjoy a reputation (Silbiger, 1999, p23).


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In the Main Body of the text as aparaphrase or summary, for example:

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an, o erw se re erre o as omo ap enswas once considered by some anthropologiststo be different from, and therefore moreintelligent (Savant and Fleischer 1999).

NB Where three or more authors have written abook together this is shown as Smith etal(1976)


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Online SourcesAuthor and date

Brown, I.(2003)

Where the author is not known ive either:

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the Company or Institution e.g.Tesco, (2004) or Dept of Education,(2003)

Where there is no Author or organisation give Web address and

datewww.watatu.com (2004)

NB Do not forget: Make a note of the date the site was accessed.


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How to Reference 5

At the end of the work a list of authors andtitles noted in the main body of text MUST

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separate page titled References.

(or when specified by your tutor titledBibliography).

The layout should be outlined thus:


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How to Reference 6

List of References at End of Report

Roberts, N.(1998) The Holocene-An Environmental

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, . .

Savant, S and Fleischer, P (1999) Brain Power,London:

Piatkus.

Silbiger, S. (1999). The 10-Day MBA,London: Piatkus.

Williams, A. et al* (2000.) There and back again,Cardiff: Blackthorn.

*For 3 Authors or more, use first author followed by et al


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How to Reference 7

Referencing when using Journals

Long, K. (2002) Making a Million Pound Sterling

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. ,

no.108, July/Aug, p22.


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How to Reference 8

Referencing when using Newspaper SourcesWhite, M. (1998) 68m to cut NHS waiting lists.

Guardian, Monday May 18 1998, p.8.

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If no author name is given then anon should be used

instead.

Anon (1998) Schemes to boost profit margins at

Sainsburys. Guardian, Monday May 18 1998, p.8.


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How to Reference 9

Referencing when using Internet SourcesTrangmar, K. (2004) Y2K: the cost effective

solution to tacklin the Millennium Bu and its

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financial consequences [Online]. HarlendComputer Services. Available from

http://www.cix.co.uk/-harlend/y2k[Accessed

on 26 June 2004]


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What is expected

If you do not know the source THEN DONOT use it in your work.

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When using a quotation or paraphrase in

the main body of the text ALWAYS include

the author and title in your list ofReferences at the end of the work


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And Finally

Still in doubt about when to Reference?

REMEMBER this olden rule:

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IF it is not your idea, recommendation orconclusion,

IF it is not your picture, table,graph or data

THEN REFERENCE IT


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How to Reference: in the Text

Single author:-In a study by Seedhouse (1997) coping with

illness was investigated....

In a stud Seedhouse 1997 co in with illness

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was investigated ....

When an author has published more than onecited document in the same year these are

distinguished by adding lower case lettersafter the year within the brackets.

Burnard (1992a) wrote about communicationfor management professionals that


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How to Reference: in the Text 2

Two authors: -In the book by Basford and Slevin (1995)

-

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Benner et al (1996) conclude that....If more than one citation is referred to within a

sentence, list them all in the following form, bydate and then alphabetically: -

There are indications that an increase inunemployment is potentially threatening to anindividuals pension plan.......... (Francome andMarks, 1996; Bunton, 1995; Lupton, 1995)


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How to Reference: in the Text 3

Secondary referencingSecondary referencing is when one author is

referring to the work of another and the

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.

You should cite the primary source and thesource you have read e.g.

(Fiedler and Chemers, 1974, cited in Douglass,

1996).Secondary referencing should be avoided if at

all possible.


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Reference List

A book by a single author:Seedhouse, D. (1997) Business promotion:

philosophy, prejudice and practice. Chichester:

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.

A book by two authors:

Burns, Nancy and Grove, Susan K. (1997) The

practice of marketing research: conduct, critique &utilization. 3rd edition. London: Saunders.


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Reference List 2

A book by more than three authors:Mares, P. et al. (1995) Human Resource

Management in multiracial Britain.

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Cambridge:CIPM.


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Reference List 3

A book by a corporate author (e.g. a governmentdepartment or other organisation):

Internal Audit Association (1992) Principles intopractice: an IAA position statement on internal

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audit procedures in SMEs. London: InternalAudit Association.

An edited book:

Basford, L. and Slevin, O. [eds.] (1995) Theoryand practice of human resource management: anintegrated approach. Edinburgh: Campion.


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Reference List 4

A chapter in a book:Weir, Pauline (1995)Management practice

development role: a personal reflection. In: K.

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. .

management practice. London, EdwardArnold. pp. 5-22.

An article in a journal:Allen, A. (1993) Changing theory in auditing

practice. Senior Auditor, 13(1), 43-5.


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Reference List 5

An article in a newspaper:White, M. (1998) 68m annual profits for BT.

Guardian, Monday May 18 1998, p.8.

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If no author name is given then anon should beused instead.

Anon (1998) Schemes to boost profit margins atSainsbury's. Guardian, Monday May 18 1998, p.8.


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Reference List 6

Published conference proceedings withauthor or editor(s):

Banks, S. et al (1998) Networked Lifelong

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Learning: innovative approaches toeducation and training through the Internet:Proceedings of the 1998 International

Conference held at the University ofSheffield. Sheffield: University ofSheffield.


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Reference List 7

A thesis or dissertation:Stones, M. (1995) Women in management.

Unpublished M.Ed. dissertation,

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University of Sheffield.


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Secondary Reference

Reference List:Fiedler, F. and Chemers, M. (1974)

Leadership and effective management.

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Glenview, Illinois, Scott Foresman & Co.Cited in: Douglass, Laura Mae (1996)The effective Auditor: leader and

manager. 5th edition. St. Louis, Missouri:Mosby.


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Internet Sources

Individual worksAuthor/editor surname, Initial. (Year) Title[online].Edition. Place of publication, Publisher.Available from: URL Accessed date .

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Example:Marieb.E. (2004) Essentials of Human Resource

Management: AWL Companion Web Site.[online].6th edition. San Francisco: Benjamin

Cummings. Available from:http://occ.awlonline.com/bookbind/pubbooks/marieb-essentials/ [Accessed 4th July 2004].


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Internet Sources 2

No author but organisationExample:

The Universit of Sheffield Librar 2004

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Audit and Management in the Library and onthe Internet. [Online]. Sheffield: University of

Sheffield. Available from:

http://www.shef.ac.uk/library/subjects/`.html[Accessed 4th July 2004].

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