Referencing made easy

I Promise!

Nothing to be Afraid of!

Getting Started• The following slides

offer a basic why, when, where and how guide to referencing

• Some short quizzes are also included so that you can check your own progress

GO

What we will look at

1. The reasons why we need to reference when writing college papers

2. When and where we reference

3. How we reference using the APA style

What is referencing?

• In college, when you are writing essays, reports or assignments, it is usual to refer to information that others have written on the subject in order to support your own points

Words Explained

“A book or passage referred to”

“The quoting of a book or author in support of a fact”

(source: www.thefreedictionary.com )

Reference

Citation

Why do I need to reference?

Why do I need to reference?

• To show anyone who reads your work that you understand the topic and have your own ideas on it

Why do I need to reference?

• To show that you have become knowledgeable on a subject through reading a broad range of material

Why do I need to reference?

• To allow the reader of your work to find where you got your ideas from

Why do I need to reference?

• To provide the reader of your work with the location and details of the original source of the information

CHEATING

Why do I need to reference?

Academic Honesty• It is important that you do not intentionally or

unintentionally pass off someone else's work as your own

• If your work is being assessed, it is important that you are not suspected of plagiarism

There are CONSEQUENCES!

What is plagiarism?• Some people think of plagiarism as simply copying or

borrowing someone else’s writing or ideas • Words like “cogging” or “copy-and-paste” are

sometimes used to brush over something that is serious

When and Where to Reference

When do I need to reference?

• There are two occasions when you need to reference in your writing

1. Within the text, known as “in-text citation”2. In detail in a reference list at the end of your

work, also known as a Bibliography

Where do I reference? – in-text citation

• This depends on what you are doing

• If you are referring to an idea or theory of another in your own words, known as paraphrasing

• You can include reference at the beginning or the end of a sentence

Where do I reference? – in-text citation

Example:• Smith (2003, p.54)

indicates that the best model for ............

or • The best approach for

this application is Smith’s model (Smith, 2003, p.54)

Try it for Yourself!• For the following two examples, drag and

drop the correct information from the bottom of the page to complete the in-text citation as a reference to a piece from John Doe’s book from 2007, page 28

Try it for Yourself!• Doe (__________) is particularly supportive

of the theory of multiple holidays

• There is strong support to be found for the theory of multiple holidays (__________)

Doe, 2007, p. 28Doe, 2007, p. 28

Direct Quotations – in-text citation

• You can also directly quote another author to support your ideas

• Just be careful not to overuse this as the text should be mainly your own work

“Who are you to judge the life I live? I am not perfect and I don’t have to be” Bob Marley

Direct Quotations – in-text citation

Example:

• According to Smith, “the best model for ensuring success is one that is simple and based on my four basic principles” (2003, p.54)

Inverted commas at beginning and

end of quote

Text in italics (leaning letters) Year and

page number at end of

quote

How to Reference

How to reference APA style• There are many styles of referencing but

most are looking for the following information in the reference list:

1. The authors name2. The date of publication3. The title of the work4. The publisher of the work and where it is

published or, if it is a internet based source, the web address

How to do a full reference

Horner, J. (1955). I sat in a corner. Oxford: Oxford Press.

Author Surname

Author first name

abbreviated

Year published in

brackets

Title in Italics

Place of publication

with colon (:)Publisher

How to do a full reference?

Obama, B. H. (2014). Me, the President. Washington: USA Books.

Obama,

B. H.

(2014).

Me, the President.

Washington:

USA Books.

Obama, B. H. (2014). Me, the President. Washington: USA Books.