reform of the industrial revolution
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Reform of the Industrial Revolution. World History - Libertyville HS. Birth of the Labor Movement. The Industrial Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories & mines Individually, workers had little power to stand up to employers Together, they could influence employers; how? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Reform of the Industrial Revolution
World History - Libertyville HS
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Birth of the Labor Movement• The Industrial
Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories & mines– Individually, workers had
little power to stand up to employers
– Together, they could influence employers; how?• Withdraw their labor
(strike)• Slow down their production
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Birth of the Labor Movement• Employers had a decision to
make …– Give in to union demands for
better wages, work conditions, etc
– Suffer the cost of lost production
• First workers to organize were skilled labor– Harder to replace– Formed trade unions,
organized around a particular skill set
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Birth of the Labor Movement• Employer reaction to unions
– Got laws passed to make unions illegal
– Hired security forces to fight against unions
– Fired union organizers• By late 1800s, unskilled
labor organized, too– Painful process: many strikes,
violence– Socialist politicians drew much
of their support from union workers
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Working Conditions
• Factory work day went from 5:00 AM to 8:00 PM– Break at 7:30 AM for
breakfast– Break at noon, for lunch– Eat dinner at home
• Factories– Few / no windows
• Low light led to accidents• Little to no ventilation
– No heat during the winter
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Working Conditions• No safety devices, on
machines– Arms, hands crushed– If injured, worker fired
• Textile (and mine) workers developed lung conditions
• Steel workers risked injury / death
• Cave-ins buried miners alive
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Working Conditions• Children as young
as 6 years worked in factories– 14-16 hour
workdays– Beatings were
frequent – Pay was sparse
• Child laborers were actually preferred (why?)
• Result of unregulated industry
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Child Labor Reform• Factory Act of 1833
– Illegal to hire children under age of 9
– Children from 9-12 could not work more than 8 hours / day
– Children from 13-17 could not work more than 12 hours / day
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Child Labor Reform• Mines Act of 1842
– Prevented women, children from working underground
• Ten Hours Act of 1847– Women, children
working in factories limited to 10 hours / day
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Living Conditions in the 1800s• Poorest lived in oldest,
most central part of city– Lived in tenements
(apartment buildings)• Few windows, poor
ventilation• No indoor plumbing / toilet
– Extended family lived in the same space
– Disease was common (overcrowding)
– Infant mortality rate (50%)– No sewers = garbage in
the street
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Living Conditions in the 1800s• Middle class lived on
outer edge of city– Row house or
apartment building– Homes often had patch
of lawn– Many middle class
belonged to clubs / teams / organizations (sense of community)
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Living Conditions in the 1800s• Rich lived in the best
areas– Millionaires built
mansions with large lawns, maintained by staff of servants
– Lived like royalty (artwork)
– Threw lavish parties for their contacts, friends