Reforming Education

Andee Shannon

Gordon Beck

Brandon Landwehr

Horace Mann’s Reforms

• Education was the only way to “Counterwork this tendency to the domination of capital and the servility of labor,” according to Mann and his followers. It was also the only way to protect democracy.

Key People

• Henry Barnard: helped produce a new education system in Connecticut and Rhode Island.

• Governor William Seward: extended public support throughout the state of New York.

Goal

• The Goal was to create an opportunity for all Americans to be well educated. Education was seen as a chance to improve society. It would allow people to be better citizens. Although not all Americans were considered at this time education’s spectrum of individuals was expanding.

Beliefs

• Efforts to use schools to impose a set of social values were appropriate for their industrializing society.

Influence and Impact

• Many people had easier access to an education. As a result of these developments, more people had the opportunity and motivation to learn to read and write, causing the literacy rate to rise rapidly after 1800.

Abolitionism- Key People

William Lloyd Garrison- a Quaker’s assistant.

David Walker- a militant and freed black man.

Frederick Douglas- a freed slave from Maryland

Sojourner Truth- a freed slave

Abolitionism- Goals

• Abolitionists believed that slavery was bad. Christian abolitionists thought it was unChristian, and enlightened individuals slavery violated the right’s of man. They attempted to end the slave trade.

Abolitionism- Beliefs

• Most abolitionists were peaceful, though some were violent through their writing and propaganda techniques. Their reasoning was based mostly on morals and religious values.

Methods of Action

Shakers

A.KA: United Society of Believers in Christ Second Appearing

Key People:

• Mother Ann Lee- founder

• James Whittaker- leader after ^

• Mother Lucy Wright- took over after ^

• More women than men (divided)– Women had more power than men

Goal:

• Create a society separated and protected from chaos and disorder of American life

Beliefs:

• Valued hard work

• No recognition of marriage

• No one born into shakerism

• Sexual equality

• Religious dance: shaker (where name came from)– Shake free from sins

Achieving Goals:

• Men abstaining from sex in order to dissociate themselves from women’s original sin

Impact:

• A small group still survives today (Sabbath Day Lake Shaker Community)

• Idea of equality is still an issue today

Prison and Asylum Reforms

By: Sam Cox, Sheipa Hayes, and Taylor Cook

Prison and Asylum Reforms Key People:

•Dorthea Dix- began a national movement for new methods of

treating the mentally ill.•John Galt- created the first psychiatric hospital in U.S.

•Francis Lieber/ Samuel Howe/ Lewis Dwight- new generation of leaders after Dix for reform,

both prison and asylum

Prison and Asylum Reforms

Goal of Group:

They wanted to improve the system of imprisonment, eg. seperate women children and sick, better facilities, reduce punishment, put libraries in system to improve literacy among criminals and the insane.

Prison and Asylum Reforms

• They thought prisons should have a positive effect on inmates; reforms within the prison was necessary.

• They thought the system already in place was too rigid and controlling to be successful.

Beliefs of the Group

Prison and Asylum Reforms

How did they achieve their goals?• States replaced old outdated facilities with new

penitentiaries and mental institutions designed to provide proper care for inmates.

• Imprisonment of debtors and paupers and the tradition of public hanging slowly disappeared.

• New forms of rigid discipline in the prisons were implemented to cure the criminals of the laxness they had previously shown. Solitary confinement and other ideas were put in to make prisoners think about past faults.

Prison and Asylum Reforms

Impact on society

• Orphanages were a new institution designed to help children to live more productive lives.

• Along with almshouses

and workhouses for

women to build

themselves a new life.

Cult of Domesticity

Sam Case

Alyx Meadows

Dong Zhou

GOAL

• COMPLETELY SEPARATE LIVES OF MEN AND WOMEN

BELIEFS

• WOMEN STAY AT HOME TO CREATE A “HAVEN IN A HAERTLESS WORLD” FOR MEN AND CHILDREN

HOW THEY ACHIEVED GOAL

• PREAHCERS HAD SERMONS AND PHYSICIANS WROTE HEALTH BOOKS ON THE TOPIC

• BOTH WOMEN AND MEN WROTE SHORT STORIES ABOUT WHAT HAPPENS TO WOMEN WHEN THEY LEAVE THE HOUSE

KEY PEOPLE

• FANNY FORESTER WROTE WEIRD STORIES ABOUT LUCY AND HER TALES

• MARY LYON FOUNDED ONE OF THE FEW COLLEGES DURING ITS TIME TO ENROLL FEMALE STUDENTS

• SARAH HALE FOUNDED WOMEN’S MAGAZINES

LASTING IMPACT ON SOCIETY

• IT STILL GOES OOOOOOOOOON……………………………………