Regents ReviewRegents Review

Nationalism

NationalismNationalism

Nationalism- Pride in one’s countryCommon: language, customs and traditions.Nationalism unifies people.

French RevolutionFrench Revolution

Ignited a spirit of nationalism by declaring each government should be based on the will of the people.

Napoleon’s conquests further inspired nationalist resentment against the French.

Congress of Vienna failed to take nationalism into account. Many Europeans not united. Others live under foreign rule.

Italian UnificationItalian Unification

Mazzini called for unification of Italy.Cavour- The Prime Minister of Sardinia-

Piedmont and the architect of Italian unification.

Garibaldi- Leader of the “Red Shirts”- gained the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

1860 Italy was unified.

German UnificationGerman Unification

Originally Prussia (strongest German state).Otto von Bismarck- “ Blood and Iron”Three successful wars against Denmark,

Austria and France.Unified in 1871

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Nationalism was widespreadDifficulties governing different nationalities

grew.Serbs, Greeks and Romanians all gained

independence during the 19th century.

IndiaIndia

1885- Indian National Congress formed1906- Muslims break away- form The

Muslim League.Gandhi- Nationalist leader.

World War IWorld War I

Rivalries between France, Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia.

Austria-Hungary many ethnic groups.Serbia wanted independence from Austria.France wanted revenge on Germany for

Franco-Prussian War (Treaty of Frankfort).

World War IIWorld War II

Germany wants to regain pride and prestige.Revenge for the Treaty of Versailles.Hitler wanted to united all Germans.Wants Austria- Hitler was born there.

AfricaAfrica

Difficulty developing nationalism.Africans didn’t have nationalism, rather

tribalism (created by geography and Europeans).

Pan-Africanism- movement to unify all Africans.