regonal cooperation in academic capacity building · pdf file• regonal cooperation in...
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• Regonal cooperation in academic capacity building –
added vallue or added challenges? NUFU-NOMA conference 15-16 Nov 2011, Dar Es Salaam
• Experiences from
– Regional NOMA Master program on renewable energy
– Regional NUFU Network project on solar energy
Energy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa
• In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
– 70% (585 million) not access to electricity
– 80% rely on traditional biomass fuels for
cooking (60% in urban areas)
• Access to electricity and clean cooking fuels is
central to country’s development and to
poverty reduction
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Renewable Energy Potential
• Africa has huge renewable energy
potential, most of which has not been
exploited
– Hydro, solar, wind, geothermal, ocean,
biomass
• Universities are important:
– To supply work force
– To support resources studies;
– Technologies development and adaptation;
– Policy analysis;
– Knowledge dissemination;
– Training and research
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
The Significance of Regional Collaboration
• Regional collaboration can contribute to:
– Avoid duplication in research, considering that the type of problems are
very similar;
– To use the best available capacity at regional level to tackle the most
important research questions;
– Use efficiently the research facilities;
– Have a common background for students training and results
dissemination.
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
NUFU Network Project:
Small Scale Concentrating Solar Energy
Experiences and challenges
• NUFU-NOMA conference
15-16 Nov 2011, Dar Es Salaam
[email protected] , [email protected]
• Views from South Coordinator: Boaventura Cuamba
– Project relevance: Energy needs and the role of the universities
– The significance of regional cooperation
• Views from North Coordinator: Ole Jorgen Nydal
– Project objectives
– Project organization
– Operational experience
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
• Develop and test small scale pilot units for concentrating heat
collectors with integrated heat storage units (250 degrees C)
– Applications: food processing, hospitals, industrial heat, bakeries, schools
• Capacity building
– Applied research at universities: solar laboratories and research groups
– Graduates will also be qualified for engineering of large scale solar power
systems
Project Objectives
Classical solar cooker Project concept: include heat storage
Energy available after sunset
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Organization: Integrated collaboration
• Interdisciplinary project between several universities:
- NTNU Trondheim
- Addis Ababa, Mekelle, Bahir Dar Universities (Ethiopia)
- Eduardo Mondlane University Maputo (Mozambique),
- Makarere University (Uganda)
- UKZN Durban (South Africa)
• Financing of extended project:
– NUFU Network project
– RENERGI program (NRC)
– Quota Program
– NORGLOBAL
– NTNU Energy ad Environment
– NTNU Renewable Energy Centre
– EnPE project
• 10 PhD students & several master students
- Technical side: ca. 8 PhD students (+ many MSc)
- Social science: 3 students (2 PhD+ 1 Master) NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Organization: Research tasks and governance
• All targets the same concept (heat collection and storage)
– Each university focus on a particular part:
Collector, absorber, storage, control, tracking, application, simulation...
• Work Plan
– Prepared at project start-up. To be revised annually during the project period
– Work plan useful, but detailed revisions were not necessary
• Each university responsible for its own scope of work
– Self governance. Collaboration more than a managed program
– A high degree of self governance and responsibility is positive
– The local university administration is often not project oriented
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Distribution of
activities
Maputo Makarere Addis Mekelle Bahir Dar NTNU
Heat
collection
Dish with
mirrors
Trough
system
Optimization
Local
production of
dish
Dish with
mirrors and
film
Heat
transport
Air based,
once through
Heat pipes Heat
transport to
injera pan
Air, oil, HTF
Heat storage Rock bed Rock bed
Insulation
Rock bed,
PCM
Tracking Mechanical Adapt form
other activity
Control
systems
Simulation System
dynamics
Trough
analysis
Heat pipes Simulation
injera pan
Ray tracer
Applications Solar system
for injera
baking
Insulation Circulatio
n
Heat
transport
Heat
storage
Heat
extraction
Absorber
Reflector
Solar
tracking
Simulation and control
Organization: Communication
• Yearly Workshops
– Include all participants
– Hosted in turn by each university
– Combination with Int. Solar Conference
– Very useful and inspiring
– More frequent meetings would be positive, but costly
• Web page
– Hosted by NTNU server. Includes a password protected part (meeting
documents, pictures, articles, reports)
– Web page is useful, but needs to be continuously updated
• Google group for e-mail correspondence
– Forum type, threads on each topic. Questions, comments, discussions
– Good concept, but was not much used
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Organization: Reporting and finances
• Yearly SIU reports
– Online editing by all partners did not work well
– Distribution of word version of online document
– Final on-line editing made by NTNU
• Fixed budgets
– Each university has a fixed total budget for the project period
– Budget revisions each year for each university. Each university
proposes internal priorities within the total budget
– Transfer on demand from NTNU
– NTNU: assist in acquisition of laboratory equipment
(can give a wrong picture in the accounting)
– Comments:
• Predictable finances is positive.
• Differences among the universities on the ability to deliver
financial reports
• Good experience with SIU as managing agent: helpful,
supportive and understanding staff
Operational experience: Laboratories
• Laboratory infrastructure is often lacking at the newer universities
– Work shops
– Trained laboratory staff required to support instrumentation and
measurement technology
– Some equipment is difficult to obtain locally
– Operational laboratories are important bases for research activities, but
establishment of major laboratory facilities are out of scope of NUFU projects
• Visits to NTNU laboratories
– NTNU laboratory has hosted visiting students
– Positive experiences
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Operational experience: Research vs. teaching
• The NUFU support should free staff members to do PhD research
– The participating PhDs are motivated, but retain significant teaching load
– To secure time for research is a key factor for success. Both for senior staff
(supervisor) and for young PhD candidates
– The project lost 3 PhD candidates who discontinued in favor of foreign
opportunities
• It is important to have parallel research activities at UiN
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Operational experience: Cooperation and contacts
• Link to other programs
– Good link to new MSc programs on renewable energy (Makerere, Dar, Maputo, Mekelle)
NOMA/EnPe
– Supporting projects have been initiated in parallel
– Related SIDA energy project in Maputo
– Limited information on relevant activities from other agencies (SIDA, GIZ,..)
– Good experience with combination of social and natural science
• Scientific/public contacts
– Scheffler system on solar concentrators (India, Germany). Participated in work shop
– DLR, Stuttgart, on heat storage. Visit to NTNU
– Visits to Norwegian Embassies have been positive. Addis embassy facilitated meeting
with Ministry of Energy and Water Resources
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
General experience: Conclusion
• Good experience with Network Project
– Project based collaboration attracts dedicated and motivated participants
– Participants need to be secured sufficient research time
– Active and frequent communication is important
– Self governance and responsibility on each participant is stimulating, but
also requires efficient local university administration
– Fixed budgets give predictable frameworks
• Laboratory infrastructures are important
– Laboratories are the base for university research. The labs will be there for
the future
– Visits to NTNU labs have been very useful
– Will require investment funds which go beyond NUFU budgets
• NUFU + NOMA + Quota is fine
– Research, education and mobility are good combinations
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Pictures
NOMA- project
Msc in Renewable Energy Systems
Coordinators:
Izael Da Silva, Makerere, Kampala
Cuthbert Kimambo, University of Dar es Salam
Torbjørn K. Nielsen, NTNU
Initial Motivation
• Need of energy in Africa is obvious
• Renewable energy is a global concern
• Building competence within:
– Hydro Power, Solar PV
– Bio energy and Solar heat
• Previous collaboration with Universities in East Africa positive
• NUFU project in Solar Heat
• Makerere and University of Dar es Salaam as main partners
• Cross-boarder collaboration with:
- Addis Ababa, Mekelle Universities (Ethiopia)
- Eduardo Mondlane University Maputo (Mozambique),
- Malawi University
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Start-up meeting in Kampala 2007
Specialisations: • Bioenergy • Hydropower • Solar energy • Energy Efficiency
Important aspects: • Entrepreneurship • Project planning • Electrical energy systems
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Collaboration beween UiS
• Specialization University of Dar es Salam, Tanzania
– Hydro Power
– Solar Energy
• Specialization Makerere, Uganda
– Bio energy
– Energy Efficiency
• Students from:
– Tanzania
– Uganda
– Mozambique
– Ethiopia
– Malawi
Mekelle University, Ethiopia
Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Makerere University, Uganda
University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
University of Malawi
Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Programme content
First year (in parallel: Makerere or Dar es Salaam)
Sustainable energy production, civil, mechanical and electrical engineering,
operating of small isolated electric grids, project planning and implementation,
entrepreneurship
Second year
Students specialize in one of the following fields:
• Bioenergy (Uganda)
• Solar energy (PV) (Tanzania)
• Hydropower (Tanzania)
• Energy Efficiency in the Building Environment
The specialization includes courses, project work and a Master thesis.
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Courses
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
RESULTS
• 4 student cohorts
– In total 72 NOMA scholarships
– + 32 self sponsored/private students
– 5th cohort started both in Makerere and Dar es Salam with
minimal NOMA support
• Students have been educated to serve the energy sector in
East Africa
• Sustainable Master Programmes has been established
• Competence has been developed at the partner institutions to
enable future running of the programme
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
The
Students
Admissions at UDSM
2 3
7
4
21
1
3
7
4
7
18
14
27
14 14
5
9
13
9
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1st Cohort 2nd Cohort 3rd Cohort 4th Cohort 5th Cohort
No
. Of
Ap
plic
ants
Five Intakes (2008 - 2011)
Female Aplicants
Female Enrolled
Male Applicants
Male Enroled
Field Trip to Bujagali Hydropower Project
Field Trip to Solar PV plant in Western Uganda
NOMA MSC RE Workshop at UDSM in 2009
Hydropower Class for 2011
Example of Master Thesis
• An Economic Evaluation of Solar PV System for Rural Electrification (Case Study Dodoma)
• Sustainable Energy in Rural Areas: A Case of Jatropha in Leguruki Village in Tanzania
• Analysis of Wind Power Potential at Peace House Secondary School (design a Locally Manufactured
Turbine)
• Formulating Interventions to Tanzanian Energy Policy
• Analysing the Effectiveness of Gasifier-Produced Biochar as a Soil Amendment in the Humid Tropics
• Fuelwood Saving through Charcoal - Making TLUD-ND Gasifer Stove
• Developing Hydrological Analysis Procedure for Small Hydropower: A Case of Un-gauged Dondive
Stream
• Concept Development for Production of Mini-Hydropower Turbine in Tanzania
• Charcoal to Gas Switchover in Dar es Salaam: Impact on Forestation
• Development of Cross Flow Turbine for Local Manufacturing
• Investigation of Grassy and Groundnut Shell Briquetting Properties Made from Hand Operated (Press)
Machines
• Proposing Small Hydropower Plant for Rural Setting. A Case of Kilondo, Ludewa
• Experimental and Analytical Characterization of Jatropha oil. Application on Process Heat Integration
Diesel Engine for Small Scale Bio-ethanol Plant
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Spin off – Development
• Based on experience with NUFU and NOMA
project:
– MSc in Mekelle started last year (EnPe-program)
– PhD in Bioenergy Makerere
– PhD in Small Hydro Dar es Salaam/Malawi
– 2 PhDs in Solar Heat Mozambique/Ethiopia
– NOMAGEN Makerere/Dar
– Sustainable Renewable Energy Businesses in
Uganda. Entrepreneur ship project Makerere and
Norges Vel
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Experiences of the Program
• The program is a success – Approved by Universities Commission and incorporated in the
Universities as regular courses
– Student intake has been beyond expectations
– Female students are given priority and extra support
• Good collaboration between UiS and NTNU
• Student exchange between Makerere and Dar has created strong south-south cooperation
• Yearly conferences has helped to improve the course – Very positive and constructive discussions
• Created a platform for lecturers to work together
• NUFU-NOMA collaboration in Solar heat a positive offshoot with very relevant extension
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Challenges faced by the Program
• The project had a slow start: – University Bureaucracy
– Lack of Experience: More time for planning needed
– Slow rate of completion
• Contact with NTNU could be better – Need to get to know NTNU better?
– Problems to get in touch with the right contacts at NTNU?
– Matching (NTNU) activities with Universities in the South?
• Laboratory facilities are not sufficient – No adequate funding in NOMA
– Other funding? (Sida, World Bank)
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Added value and future possibilities
• Regional collaboration – Added value well worth the
challenges
• Keep momentum: Consolidate the Regional MSc. Programs
• Promote the program for scholarship (German, Austrian,
Government, industries)
• Maintain regional collaboration – future mobility funds?
• Extend the MSc Network towards research collaboration
• Regional PhD programs ?
• Investments on laboratory equipment is necessary
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011
Thank you for your attention
NOMA-NUFU seminar Dar Es Salaam 15-16 Nov 2011