rel 551_app manual 0900213a80566f1f

8/3/2019 REL 551_APP MANUAL 0900213a80566f1f

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Application manualProtectIT Line differential protection terminal

REL 551*2.5


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Copyright 2003 ABB. All rights reserved.

$SSOLFDWLRQPDQXDOProtect ITLine differential protection terminal

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Document No: 1MRK 506 153-UENIssued: December 2003

Revision: A


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Introduction to the application manual ................................................. 2About the complete set of manuals for a terminal .......................... 2Intended audience .......................................................................... 3Related documents......................................................................... 3Revision notes ................................................................................ 3Acronyms and abbreviations .......................................................... 3

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Features............................................................................................. 10Functions ........................................................................................... 11Application ......................................................................................... 13Design................................................................................................ 14Requirements .................................................................................... 15

General ......................................................................................... 15Current transformers..................................................................... 15

Terminal identification and base values............................................. 23Application .................................................................................... 23Calculations .................................................................................. 23

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Real-time clock with external time synchronzation (TIME) ................ 32Application .................................................................................... 32Functionality ................................................................................. 32Calculations .................................................................................. 32

Four parameter setting groups (GRP) ............................................... 34Application .................................................................................... 34Functionality ................................................................................. 34Design .......................................................................................... 35

Setting restriction of HMI (SRH) ........................................................ 36

Application .................................................................................... 36Functionality ................................................................................. 36

I/O system configurator (IOP) ............................................................ 38Application .................................................................................... 38Functionality ................................................................................. 38

Configurable logic blocks (CL1)......................................................... 40Application .................................................................................... 40Functionality ................................................................................. 40Calculations .................................................................................. 54

Self supervision with internal event recorder (INT)............................ 56Application .................................................................................... 56Functionality ................................................................................. 57


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Blocking of signals during test (BST) ................................................. 60Functionality.................................................................................. 60

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Line differential protection, phase segregated (DIFL) ........................ 64Application .................................................................................... 64Functionality.................................................................................. 65Design........................................................................................... 68Calculations .................................................................................. 80

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Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent protection (IOC) .............. 84Application .................................................................................... 84Functionality.................................................................................. 85Design........................................................................................... 85Calculations .................................................................................. 89

Definite time non-directional overcurrent protection (TOC) ............... 98Application .................................................................................... 98Functionality.................................................................................. 98Design........................................................................................... 99Calculations ................................................................................ 102

Two step time delayed non-directional phaseovercurrent protection (TOC2)......................................................... 106

Application .................................................................................. 106Functionality................................................................................ 106Calculations ................................................................................ 107

Time delayed residual overcurrent protection (TEF) ....................... 112Application .................................................................................. 112Functionality................................................................................ 113Calculations ................................................................................ 115

Thermal phase overload protection (THOL) .................................... 119Application .................................................................................. 119Functionality................................................................................ 119Calculations ................................................................................ 120

Breaker failure protection (BFP) ...................................................... 123Application .................................................................................. 123

Functionality................................................................................ 125Design......................................................................................... 128Calculations ................................................................................ 129

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Broken conductor check (BRC) ....................................................... 132Application .................................................................................. 132Functionality................................................................................ 132Design......................................................................................... 132


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Calculations ................................................................................ 133Overload supervision (OVLD).......................................................... 136

Application .................................................................................. 136

Functionality ............................................................................... 136Design ........................................................................................ 136Calculations ................................................................................ 137

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Current circuit supervision, current based (CTSU) .......................... 140Application .................................................................................. 140Functionality ............................................................................... 140Calculations ................................................................................ 142

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Autorecloser (AR) ............................................................................ 144Application .................................................................................. 144Functionality ............................................................................... 146Calculations ................................................................................ 152

Single command, 16 signals (CD) ................................................... 159Application .................................................................................. 159Design ........................................................................................ 160Calculations ................................................................................ 161

Multiple command (CM)................................................................... 162

Application .................................................................................. 162Design ........................................................................................ 162Calculations ................................................................................ 163

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Tripping logic (TR) ........................................................................... 166Application .................................................................................. 166Functionality ............................................................................... 167Design ........................................................................................ 168Calculations ................................................................................ 173

Pole discordance logic (PDc)........................................................... 174Application .................................................................................. 174Functionality ............................................................................... 174Design ........................................................................................ 175Calculations ................................................................................ 177

Communication channel test logic (CCHT)...................................... 178Application .................................................................................. 178Design ........................................................................................ 178

Event function (EV).......................................................................... 181Application .................................................................................. 181Functionality ............................................................................... 181Design ........................................................................................ 181


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Calculations ................................................................................ 183Event counter (CN) .......................................................................... 185

Application .................................................................................. 185Functionality................................................................................ 185Calculations ................................................................................ 185

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Disturbance report ........................................................................... 188Application .................................................................................. 188Functionality................................................................................ 188Calculations ................................................................................ 193

Indications........................................................................................ 198Application .................................................................................. 198Functionality................................................................................ 198Calculations ................................................................................ 199

Disturbance recorder (DR)............................................................... 200Application .................................................................................. 200Functionality................................................................................ 200Design......................................................................................... 203Calculations ................................................................................ 204

Event recorder (ER) ......................................................................... 206Application .................................................................................. 206Functionality................................................................................ 206Calculations ................................................................................ 206

Trip value recorder (TVR) ................................................................ 208Application .................................................................................. 208

Design......................................................................................... 208Calculations ................................................................................ 209

Supervision of AC input quantities (DA)........................................... 210Application .................................................................................. 210Functionality................................................................................ 210Design......................................................................................... 219Calculations ................................................................................ 219

Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) ........................................... 224Application .................................................................................. 224Functionality................................................................................ 224Design......................................................................................... 233Calculations ................................................................................ 235

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Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) .............................................. 240Application .................................................................................. 240Functionality................................................................................ 240Design......................................................................................... 241Calculations ................................................................................ 242


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Sudden change in phase current protection function (SCC1) ......... 246

Application .................................................................................. 246Functionality ............................................................................... 249Design ........................................................................................ 250Calculation.................................................................................. 251

Sudden change in residual current protection function (SCRC) ...... 255Application .................................................................................. 255Functionality ............................................................................... 255Design ........................................................................................ 255Calculation.................................................................................. 257

Accurate undercurrent protection function (UCP)............................ 259Application .................................................................................. 259Functionality ............................................................................... 262

Design ........................................................................................ 262Calculation.................................................................................. 265Phase overcurrent protection (OCP) ............................................... 268

Application .................................................................................. 268Functionality ............................................................................... 268Design ........................................................................................ 269Calculation.................................................................................. 271

Residual overcurrent protection (ROCP) ......................................... 275Application .................................................................................. 275Functionality ............................................................................... 275Design ........................................................................................ 275Calculation.................................................................................. 277

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Remote end data communication .................................................... 280Application .................................................................................. 280Design ........................................................................................ 281Fibre optical module DCM-FOM................................................. 283Galvanic interface....................................................................... 287Short range galvanic module DCM-SGM ................................... 291Short range fibre optical module DCM-SFOM............................ 293Co-directional G.703 galvanic interface DCM-G.703.................. 296Carrier module ............................................................................ 297

Serial communication ...................................................................... 299Application .................................................................................. 299Calculation.................................................................................. 300Serial communication, SPA ....................................................... 300Serial communication, IEC (IEC 60870-5-103 protocol)............. 304Serial communication, LON........................................................ 310Serial communication modules................................................... 312


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Platform ........................................................................................... 316

General ....................................................................................... 316Platform configuration................................................................. 3163/4x19" platform.......................................................................... 3181/2x19" platform.......................................................................... 318

Transformer module (TRM) ............................................................. 319A/D module (ADM)........................................................................... 322Main processing module (MPM) ...................................................... 324Input/Output modules ...................................................................... 326

General ....................................................................................... 326Binary input module (BIM) .......................................................... 328Binary output module (BOM) ...................................................... 329Binary I/O module (IOM)............................................................. 331

Power supply module (PSM) ........................................................... 333mA input module (MIM).................................................................... 334Local LCD human machine interface (LCD-HMI) ............................ 336

Application .................................................................................. 33618 LED indication module (LED-HMI).............................................. 338

Application .................................................................................. 338Design......................................................................................... 338LED indication function (HL, HLED) ........................................... 339

Serial communication modules (SCM)............................................. 353Design, SPA/IEC ........................................................................ 353Design, LON ............................................................................... 353

Data communication modules (DCM) .............................................. 354


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1

About this chapter &KDSWHU

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This chapter introduces you to the manual as such.


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Introduction to the application manual &KDSWHU

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The complete package of manuals to a terminal is named users manual (UM). The 8V

HUVPDQXDOconsists of four different manuals:

7KH$SSOLFDWLRQ0DQXDO$0contains descriptions, such as application and func-

tionality descriptions as well as setting calculation examples sorted per function. The

application manual should be used when designing and engineering the protection ter-

minal to find out when and for what a typical protection function could be used. The

manual should also be used when calculating settings and creating configurations.

7KH7HFKQLFDO5HIHUHQFH0DQXDO750contains technical descriptions, such as

function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameter tables and

technical data sorted per function. The technical reference manual should be used as atechnical reference during the engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase

and during the normal service phase.

7KH2SHUDWRUV0DQXDO20 contains instructions on how to operate the protection

terminal during normal service (after commissioning and before periodic maintenance

tests). The operators manual could be used to find out how to handle disturbances or

how to view calculated and measured network data in order to determine the reason of

a fault.

7KH,QVWDOODWLRQDQG&RPPLVVLRQLQJ0DQXDO,&0 contains instructions on how to

install and commission the protection terminal. The manual can also be used as a refer-

ence if a periodic test is performed. The manual covers procedures for mechanical and

electrical installation, energising and checking of external circuitry, setting and config-

uration as well as verifying settings and performing a directionality test. The chapters

and sections are organized in the chronological order (indicated by chapter/section

numbers) the protection terminal should be installed and commissioned.

Application

manual

Technical

reference

manual

Installation and

commissioning

manual

Operators

manual

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The application manual is addressing the system engineer/technical responsible who is

responsible for specifying the application of the terminal.

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The system engineer/technical responsible must have a good knowledge about protec-

tion systems, protection equipment, protection functions and the configured functional

logics in the protection.

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Operators manual 1MRK 506 150-UEN

Installation and commissioning manual 1MRK 506 151-UEN

Technical reference manual 1MRK 506 152-UEN

Application manual 1MRK 506 153-UEN

Buyer's guide 1MRK 506 179-BEN

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A First revision

$'FRQYHUWHU Analog to Digital converter

$'%6 Amplitude dead-band supervision

$16, American National Standards Institute

$6' Adaptive Signal Detection

%6 British Standard


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&$1 Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial com-

munication

&$3 Configuration and programming tool&% Circuit breaker

&&,77 Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telepho-

ny. A United Nations sponsored standards body within the Interna-

tional Telecommunications Union.

&0336 Combined Mega Pulses Per Second

&RGLUHFWLRQDO Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves two twist-

ed pairs making it possible to transmit information in both directions

&RQWUDGLUHFWLRQDO Way of transmitting G.703 over a balanced line. Involves four twist-

ed pairs of with two are used for transmitting data in both directions,

and two pairs for transmitting clock signals&38 Central Processor Unit

&5 Carrier Receive

&5& Cyclic Redundancy Check

&6 Carrier send

&7 Current transformer

&97 Capacitive voltage transformer

'$5 Delayed auto-reclosing

'63 Digital signal processor

',3VZLWFK Small switch mounted on a printed circuit board

'77 Direct transfer trip scheme

(+9QHWZRUN Extra high voltage network

(,$ Electronic Industries Association

(0& Electro magnetic compatibility

(0, Electro magnetic interference

(6' Electrostatic discharge

)2; Modular 20 channel telecommunication system for speech, data

and protection signals

)2; Access multiplexer

)2; 3OXV Compact, time-division multiplexer for the transmission of up to

seven duplex channels of digital data over optical fibers

* Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local

telephone companies. Can be transported over balanced and un-

balanced lines


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* Standard for pulse code modulation of analog signals on digital

lines

*, General interrogation command*,6 Gas insulated switchgear.

*36 Global positioning system

+'/&SURWRFRO High level data link control, protocol based on the HDLC standard

+0, Human-Machine Interface

+6$5 High-Speed Auto-Reclosing

+9'& High voltage direct current

,'%6 Integrating dead-band supervision

,(& International Electrical Committee

,(& IEC Standard, Instrument transformers Part 6: Requirements forprotective current transformers for transient performance

,(& Communication standard for protective equipment. A serial master/

slave protocol for point-to-point communication

,((( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

,((( A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twist-

ed-pair or optical fiber cable

,(((3 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules. Refer-

ences the CMC (IEEE P1386, also known as Common Mezzanine

Card) standard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from

the PCI SIG (Special Interest Group) for the electrical(0) Electro magnetic force

,*,6 Intelligent gas insulated switchgear

,3 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code) according

to IEC 60529

,78 International Telecommunications Union

/$1 Local area network

/&' Liquid chrystal display

/'' Local detection device

/(' Light emitting diode

/17 LON network tool

/21 Local operating network

0&% Miniature circuit breaker

030 Main processing module


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09% Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally devel-

oped for use in trains

3&0 Pulse code modulation3,6$ Process interface for sensors & actuators

3277 Permissive overreach transfer trip

3URFHVVEXV Bus or LAN used at the process level, that is, in near proximity to

the measured and/or controlled components

367 Parameter setting tool

37UDWLR Potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio

3877 Permissive underreach transfer trip

5$6& Synchrocheck relay, COMBIFLEX

5&$ Relay characteristic angle5(9$/ Evaluation software

5)33 Resistance for phase-to-phase faults

5)3( Resistance for phase-to-earth faults

5,6& Reduced instruction set computer

506YDOXH Root mean square value

56 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in

point-to-point connections

56 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485

56 A generic connector specification that can be used to supportRS422, V.35 and X.21 and others

578 Remote terminal unit

6$ Substation Automation

6&6 Station control system

606 Station monitoring system

63$ Strmberg Protection Acquisition, a serial master/slave protocol for

point-to-point communication

69& Static VAr compensation

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9 Same as RS449. A generic connector specification that can be

used to support RS422 and others

:(, Week-end infeed logic97 Voltage transformer

; A digital signalling interface primarily used for telecom equipment


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This chapter describes the terminal in general.


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Features &KDSWHU

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A terminal with extensive configuration possibilities and expandable hardware de-sign to meet specific user requirements

Versatile local human-machine interface (HMI)

Simultaneous dual protocol serial communication facilities

Extensive self-supervision with internal event recorder

Time synchronization with 1 ms resolution

Four independent groups of complete setting parameters

Powerful software tool-box for monitoring, evaluation and user configuration

Phase-segregated line differential protection

Phase and residual overcurrent protection

Thermal overload protection


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Functions &KDSWHU

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Line differential- Line differential protection, phase segregated (DIFL)

Current

- Instantaneous non-directional phase overcurrent protection (IOCph)

- Instantaneous non-directional residual overcurrent protection (IOCr)

- Definite time non-directional phase overcurrent protection (TOCph)

- Definite time non-directional residual overcurrent protection (TOCr)

- Two step time delayed non-directional phase overcurrent protection (TOC2)

- Time delayed non-directional residual overcurrent protection (TEF)- Thermal overload protection (THOL)

- Breaker failure protection (BFP)

Power system supervision

- Broken conductor check (BRC)

- Overload supervision (OVLD)

System protection and control

- Sudden change in phase current protection (SCC1)

- Sudden change in residual current protection (SCRC)

- Undercurrent protection (UCP)

- Phase overcurrent protection (OCP)

- Residual overcurrent protection (ROCP)

Secondary system supervision

- Current circuit supervision, current based (CTSU)

Control

- Single command, 16 signals (CD)

- Autorecloser - 1- and/or 3-phase, single circuit breaker (AR1-1/3)

- Autorecloser - 1- and/or 3-phase, double circuit breakers (AR12-1/3)

- Autorecloser - 3-phase, single circuit breaker (AR1-3)


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- Autorecloser- 3-phase, double circuit breaker (AR12-3)

Logic

- Three pole tripping logic (TR01-3)

- Additional three pole tripping logic (TR02-3)

- Single, two or three pole tripping logic (TR01-1/2/3)

- Additional single, two or three pole tripping logic (TR02-1/2/3)

- Pole discordance logic (PDc)

- Additional configurable logic blocks (CL2)

- Communication channel test logic (CCHT)

- Multiple command, one fast block with 16 signals (CM1)

- Multiple command, 79 medium speed blocks each with 16 signals (CM79)

Monitoring

- Disturbance recorder (DR)

- Event recorder (ER)

- Trip value recorder (TVR)

- Supervision of AC input quantities (DA)- Supervision of mA input quantities (MI)

Metering capabilities

- Pulse counter logic for metering (PC)

- Six event counters (CN)

Hardware

- 18 LEDs for extended indication capabilities

Several input/output module options including measuring mA input module (fortransducers)


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Application &KDSWHU

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The main purpose of the REL 551 terminal is the protection, control and monitoring ofoverhead lines and cables. It provides for one-, two-, and/or three-pole tripping. The

true current differential protection provides excellent sensitivity and phase selection in

complex network configurations.


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Design &KDSWHU

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Type tested software and hardware that comply with international standards and ABBsinternal design rules together with extensive self monitoring functionality, ensure high

reliability of the complete terminal.

The terminals closed and partly welded steel case makes it possible to fulfill the strin-

gent EMC requirements.

Serial data communication is via optical connections or galvanic RS485.

An extensive library of protection, control and monitoring functions is available. This

library of functions, together with the flexible hardware design, allows this terminal to

be configured to each users own specific requirements. This wide application flexibil-

ity makes this product an excellent choice for both new installations and the refurbish-ment of existing installations.


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Requirements &KDSWHU

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The operation of a protection measuring function is influenced by distortion, and mea-

sures need to be taken in the protection to handle this phenomenon. One source of dis-

tortion is current transformer saturation. In this protection terminal, measures are taken

to allow for a certain amount of CT saturation with maintained correct operation. This

protection terminal can allow relatively heavy current transformer saturation.

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The performance of the REx 5xx terminal depends on the conditions and the quality ofthe current signals fed to it. The protection terminal REx 5xx has been designed to per-

mit relatively heavy current transformer saturation with maintained correct operation.

To guarantee correct operation, the CTs must be able to correctly reproduce the current

for a minimum time before the CT will begin to saturate. To fulfil the requirement on a

specified time to saturation the CTs must fulfil the requirements of a minimum second-

ary e.m.f. that is specified below.

There are several different ways to specify CTs. Conventional magnetic core CTs are

usually specified and manufactured according to some international or national stan-

dards, which specify different protection classes as well. However, generally there are

three different types of current transformers:

high remanence type CT

low remanence type CT

non remanence type CT

7KHKLJKUHPDQHQFHW\SH has no limit for the remanent flux. This CT has a magnetic

core without any airgap and a remanent flux might remain for almost infinite time. In

this type of transformers the remanence can be up to 70-80% of the saturation flux. Typ-

ical examples of high remanence type CT are class P, PX,TPS, TPX according to IEC,

class P, X according to BS (old British Standard) and nongapped class C, K according

to ANSI/IEEE.

7KHORZUHPDQHQFHW\SH has a specified limit for the remanent flux. This CT is made

with a small airgap to reduce the remanence to a level that does not exceed 10% of the

saturation flux. The small airgap has only very limited influence on the other properties

of the CT. Class PR, TPY according to IEC is low remanence type CTs.


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7KHQRQUHPDQHQFHW\SH&7has practically negligible level of remanent flux. This

type of CT has relatively big airgaps in order to reduce the remanence to practically zero

level. At the same time, these airgaps minimize the influence of the DC-component

from the primary fault current. The airgaps will also reduce the measuring accuracy inthe non-saturated region of operation. Class TPZ according to IEC is a non remanence

type CT.

The rated equivalent limiting secondary e.m.f. Eal according to the IEC 60044-6 stan-

dard is used to specify the CT requirements for REx 5xx. The requirements are also

specified according to other standards.

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The requirements are a result of investigations performed in our network simulator. The

tests have been carried out with an analogue current transformer model with a settable

core area, core length, air gap and number of primary and secondary turns. The settingof the current transformer model was representative for current transformers of high re-

manence and low remanence type. The results are not valid for non remanence type CTs

(TPZ).

The performances of the protection functions were checked at both symmetrical and

fully asymmetrical fault currents. A source with a time constant of about 120 ms was

used in the tests. The current requirements below are thus applicable both for symmet-

rical and asymmetrical fault currents.

Phase-to-earth, phase-to-phase and three-phase faults were tested for internal and exter-

nal fault locations. The protection was checked with regard to dependabiliaty and secu-

rity.

The remanence in the current transformer core has been considered for critical fault cas-

es, for example external fault. The requirements below are therefore fully valid for all

normal applications. It is difficult to give general recommendations for additional mar-

gins for remanence. They depend on the performance and economy requirements.

When current transformers of low remanence type (e.g. TPY, PR) are used, practically

no additional margin is needed.

For current transformers of high remanence type (e.g. TPX), the small probability of a

fully asymmetrical fault, together with maximum remanence in the same direction asthe flux generated by the fault, has to be kept in mind at the decision of an additional

margin. Fully asymmetrical fault current will be achieved when the fault occurs at zero

voltage (0). Investigations have proved that 95% of the faults in the network will occur

when the voltage is between 40 and 90.


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The current transformer requirements are based on the maximum fault current for faults

in different positions. Maximum fault current will occur for three-phase faults or single-

phase-to-earth faults. The current for a single phase-to-earth fault will exceed the cur-

rent for a three-phase fault when the zero sequence impedance in the total fault loop is

less than the positive sequence impedance.

When calculating the current transformer requirements, maximum fault current should

be used and therefore both fault types have to be considered.

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The current transformer saturation is directly affected by the voltage at the current

transformer secondary terminals. This voltage, for an earth fault, is developed in a loop

containing the phase and neutral conductor, and relay load. For three-phase faults, the

neutral current is zero, and only the phase conductor and relay phase load have to beconsidered.

In the calculation, the loop resistance should be used for phase-to-earth faults and the

phase resistance for three-phase faults.

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The current transformer ratio should be selected so that the current to the protection is

higher than the minimum operating value for all faults that are to be detected.

The minimum operating current for the differential protection function in REL 551 is

20% of the nominal current multiplied with the CTFactor setting. The CTFactor is set-table between 0.40-1.00.

The current transformer resulting ratio must be equal in both terminals. The resulting

current transformer ratio is the primary current transformer ratio multiplied with the

CTFactor. The CTFactor is used to equalize different primary current transformer ratio

in the two terminals or to reduce the resulting current transformer ratio to which the

minimum operating current is related.

Different rated secondary current for the current transformers in the two terminals is

equalised by using REL 551 with the corresponding rated current.

The current error of the current transformer can limit the possibility to use a very sen-

sitive setting of a sensitive residual overcurrent protection. If a very sensitive setting of

this function will be used it is recommended that the current transformer should have

an accuracy class which have an current error at rated primary current that is less than

1% (e.g. class 1.0 or 5P). If current transformers with less accuracy are used it is ad-visable to check the actual unwanted residual current during the commissioning.


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With regard to saturation of the current transformer all current transformers of high re-

manence and low remanence type that fulfill the requirements on the rated equivalent

secondary e.m.f. Eal below can be used. The characteristic of the non remanence type

CT (TPZ) is not well defined as far as the phase angle error is concerned, and we there-fore recommend contacting ABB to confirm that the type in question can be used.

The CT requirements for the different functions below are specified as a rated equiva-

lent limiting secondary e.m.f. Eal according to the IEC 60044-6 standard. Requirements

for CTs specified in different ways are given at the end of this section.

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The current transformers must have a rated equivalent secondary e.m.f. Eal that is larger

than the maximum of the required secondary e.m.f. Ealreq below. The requirements ac-

cording to the formulas below are valid for fault currents with a primary time constant

less than 120 ms.

Requirement 1

(Equation 1)

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Requirement 2

(Equation 2)

where

The factor 0.5 in Equation 1is replaced with 0.53 and 0.54 for primary time constantsof 200 ms and 300 ms respectively.

The factor 2 in Equation 2is replaced with 2.32 and 2.5 for primary time constants of

200 ms and 300 ms respectively.

Requirement 3

(Equation 3)

Requirement 4

Ikmax Maximum primary fundamental frequency fault current for internal close-

in faults (A)

Itmax Maximum primary fundamental frequency fault current for through faultcurrent for external faults (A)

Ipn The rated primary CT current (A)

Isn The rated secondary CT current (A)

Ir The protection terminal rated current (A)

RCT The secondary resistance of the CT ()

RL The loop resistance of the secondary cable and additional load ()

Eal Ealreq>I tmax I

sn

Ipn------------------------ 2 RCT RL

0.25

Ir2

-----------+ +

=

Eal Ealreq> 0.12 f Isn RCT RL0.25

I 2r-----------+ +

=


29/363

20


*HQHUDO

(Equation 4)

where

Requriment 3 and 4 are independent of the primary time constant.

&XUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU&7VDFFRUGLQJWRRWKHUVWDQGDUGV

All kinds of conventional magnetic core CTs are possible to be used with REx 5xx ter-

minals if they fulfil the requirements that correspond to the above specified according

to the IEC60044-6 standard. From the different standards and available data for relay-

ing applications it is possible to approximately calculate a secondary e.m.f. of the CT.

It is then possible to compare this to the required secondary e.m.f. E alreq and judge if

the CT fulfils the requirements. The requirements according to some other standards are

specified below.

&XUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUDFFRUGLQJWR,(&FODVV335

A CT according to IEC60044-1 is specified by the secondary limiting e.m.f. E2max. The

value of the E2max is approximately equal to Eal according to IEC60044-6.

Eal E2max

The current transformers must have a secondary limiting e.m.f. E2max that fulfills the

following:

E2max > maximum of Ealreq

f Nominal frequency (Hz)

Isn The rated secondary CT current (A)

Ir The protection terminal rated current (A)

RCT The secondary resistance of the CT ()

RL The loop resistance of the secondary cable and additional load ()

IminSat Set saturation detector min current (100-1000% of Ir)

CTFactor Set current scaling factor (0.4 - 1.0)

Eal Ealreq>IminSat

100---------------------- CTFactor Ir RCT RL

0.25

Ir

2-----------+ +

=


30/363

21


*HQHUDO

&XUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUDFFRUGLQJWR,(&FODVV3;,(&FODVV736

DQGROG%ULWLVKVWDQGDUGFODVV;

CTs according to these classes are specified by the rated knee-point e.m.f. Eknee (or lim-

iting secondary voltage Ual for TPS). The value of the Eknee is lower than Eal accordingto IEC60044-6. It is not possible to give a general relation between the Eknee and the Eal

but normally the Eknee is 80 to 85% of the Eal value. Therefore, the rated equivalent lim-

iting secondary e.m.f. Ealreq for a CT specified according to these classes can be esti-

mated to:

Ealreq 1.2 x Eknee

The current transformer must have a rated knee-point e.m.f. Eknee that fulfills the fol-

lowing:

1.2 x Eknee > maximum of Ealreq

&XUUHQWWUDQVIRUPHUDFFRUGLQJWR$16,,(((

A CT according to ANSI/IEEE is specified in a little different way. For example a CT

of class C has a specified secondary terminal voltage UANSI. There is a few standard-

ized value of UANSI (e.g. for a C400 the UANSI is 400V). The rated equivalent limiting

secondary e.m.f. EalANSI for a CT specified according to ANSI/IEEE can be estimated

as follows:

EalANSI = | 20 x Isn x RCT + UANSI | = | 20 x Isn x RCT + 20 x Isn x ZbANSI |

where

The CT requirements are fulfilled if:

EalANSI > maximum of Ealreq

Often an ANSI/IEEE CT also has a specified knee-point voltage UkneeANSI. This is

graphically defined from the excitation curve. The knee-point according to ANSI/IEEE

has normally a lower value than the knee-point according to BS. The rated equivalent

limiting secondary e.m.f. EalANSI for a CT specified according to ANSI/IEEE can be

estimated to:

ZbANSI The impedance (i.e. complex quantity) of the standard ANSI burden for

the specific C class ()

UANSI The secondary terminal voltage for the specific C class (V)


31/363

22


*HQHUDO

EalANSI 1.3 x UkneeANSI

The current transformers must have a knee-point voltage UkneeANSI that fulfills the fol-

lowing:

1.3 x UkneeANSI > maximum of Ealreq


32/363

23

Terminal identification and base values &KDSWHU

*HQHUDO

7HUPLQDOLGHQWLILFDWLRQDQGEDVHYDOXHV

$SSOLFDWLRQ

Serial number and software version are stored in the terminal. The identification names

and numbers for the station, the object and the terminal (unit) itself can be entered into

the terminal by the customer. Also the ordering numbers of included modules are stored

in the terminal. This information can be read on the local HMI or when communicating

with the terminal through a PC or with SMS/SCS.

The base currents, voltages and rated frequency must be set since the values affect many

functions. The input transformers ratio must be set as well. The ratio for the current and

the voltage transformer automatically affects the measuring functions in the terminal.

The internal clock is used for time tagging of:

Internal events

Disturbance reports

Events in a disturbance report

Events transmitted to the SCS substation control system

This implies that the internal clock is very important. The clock can be synchronized

(see Time synchronization) to achieve higher accuracy of the time tagging. Without

synchronization, the internal clock is useful for comparisons among events within the

REx 5xx terminal.

&DOFXODWLRQV

Most commonly the setting values of the high voltage power objects are calculated in

primary values. This is based on the fact that all power system data like voltages, cur-

rents and impedances are given in primary values.

In the terminal, the settings are made with reference to secondary values i.e. the values

as seen by the terminal on the secondary side of the main voltage- and current trans-

formers.

Uxr and Ixr (x = 1-5) are the rated voltage and current values for the five voltage and

five current input transformers within the REx 5xx terminal. The values of Uxr and Ixr

are factory preset and should normally not be changed by the user since they are related

to the delivered hardware. They are used only if the transformer input module (TRM)

is replaced with a module that have different rated values than the one originally deliv-

ered in the terminal.


33/363

24


*HQHUDO

Example: The terminal is delivered with 1A current transformers, but later changed to

5A current transformers. In this case it is necessary to change all the relevant input rated

quantities for currents from 1A to 5A. This can only be done from the local HMI.

The UxScale and IxScale are the actual ratio for the main measuring transformers for

the protected object. The terminal only uses these settings to calculate the primary quan-

tities and to show these quantities as service values, e.g. primary phasors in the local

HMI or thru CAP 540 or SMS 510. They are also used by CAP 540 to visualize voltage

and current waveforms in primary values.They do not affect the operation (trip or start)

of any protection function.

Uxb and Ixb define the secondary base voltage and current values, used to define the

per-unit base of the terminal. The settings are made in percent of the Uxb and Ixb val-

ues.

The only recommended way to use the base value settings Uxb and Ixb is to harmonize

the per-unit base values of the terminal with the actual secondary rated values of the pri-

mary measuring transformers.

The base values only affect the settings of current functions and voltage functions, not

impedance based functions e.g. ZM, PHS and GFC. The impedance-based functions are

set in secondary ohms. For more details on the setting calculations, see each function.


34/363

25


*HQHUDO

([DPSOH

)LJXUH ([DPSOHV\VWHP

&XUUHQWVHWWLQJV

Ixscale = CT-ratio = 1000/1 = 1000

where:

Usprim is primary setting value of the voltage

Isprim is primary setting value of the current

Ussec is secondary setting value of the voltage

Issec is secondary setting value of the current

Ur is rated voltage of the terminal

Ir is rated current of the terminal

Assume the following values:

Ur = 110V, Ir = 1A, Usprim = 60kV phase to earth, Isprim = 1500A

CT-ratio = and VT-ratio =

en03000164.vsd

~ ~

Usprim

REx 5xx

Isprim

Ur

Ir

Ussec

Issec

1000A

1A-----------------

110kV110V

-----------------


35/363

26


*HQHUDO

In this case the rated current of the terminal and the rated secondary current of the main

CT match. The base value is set equal to the rated value.

Ixb = 1A

(Equation 5)

(Equation 6)

A current setting value, e.g. IP>>, is given in percentage of the secondary base current

value,Ixb, associated with the current transformer input Ix:

(Equation 7)

(Equation 8)

9ROWDJHVHWWLQJV

Uxscale = VT-ratio = 110 kV/110 V = 1000

The voltage levels are normally given as system (phase to phase) voltage, while the in-

put transformers of the terminal are connected phase to earth. A Ur of 110V corre-

sponds to a Uxr of 110/3 63.5V. In this case the rated voltage of the terminal and therated secondary voltage of the main VT match. The base value is set equal to the rated

values.

Uxb= 63.5V

(Equation 9)

IssecIsprim

Ixscale------------------=

Issec1500A1000

----------------- 1.5A= =

IP>> 100IssecIxb

-----------%=

IP>> 1001.5

1

-------- %= = 150%

UssecUsprimUxscale------------------=


36/363

27


*HQHUDO

(Equation 10)

A voltage setting value, e.g. UPE


37/363

28


*HQHUDO

This corresponds to 150% of the rated CT secondary current and 300% of the terminal

rated current.

A current setting value, e.g. IP>>, is given in percentage of Ixb.

8VLQJEDVHYDOXHV

The base value is set equal to the rated secondary value of the main CT.

This corresponds to 150% of the rated CT secondary current. As Ixb is selected equal

to the rated CT secondary current, the value (150%) can be directly entered as setting,

see below.

9ROWDJHVHWWLQJV

Uxscale = VT-ratio = 110 kV/100 V = 1100

Ixb = 1A

according to equation 5.

according to equation 7.

Ixb = 2A

according to equation 5

according to equation 7

Issec1500A

500----------------- 3A= =

IP>> 1003

1-------- %= = 300%

Issec1500A

500----------------- 3A= =

IP>> 10032

-------- %= = 150%


38/363

29


*HQHUDO

An Ur of 110 V corresponds to an Uxr of 110/3 63.5V. The rated secondary voltageof the VT corresponds to 100/3 57.7V. In this case the rated voltage of the terminaland the secondary rated voltage of the main VT do not match. This will have some im-

plications on the setting procedure.

1RWXVLQJEDVHYDOXHV

The base value is set equal to the rated value of the terminal.

This corresponds to 94% of the rated VT secondary voltage and 86% of the terminal

rated voltage.

A voltage setting value, e.g. UPE


39/363

30


*HQHUDO

according to equation 11.UP< 10054.557.7-------- %= = 94%-


40/363

31


&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

&KDSWHU &RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU

This chapter presents the common functions in the terminal.


41/363

32

Real-time clock with external timesynchronzation (TIME)

&KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

5HDOWLPHFORFNZLWKH[WHUQDOWLPHV\QFKURQ]DWLRQ7,0(

$SSOLFDWLRQ

Use time synchronisation to achieve a common time base for the terminals in a protec-

tion and control system. This makes comparision of events and disturbance data be-

tween all terminals in the system possible.

Time-tagging of internal events and disturbances is an excellent help when evaluating

faults. Without time synchronisation, only the events within the terminal can be com-

pared to one another. With time synchronisation, events and disturbances within the en-

tire station, and even between line ends, can be compared during an evaluation.

)XQFWLRQDOLW\

Two main alternatives of external time synchronization are available. Either the syn-

chronization message is applied via any of the communication ports of the terminal as

a telegram message including date and time, or as a minute pulse, connected to a binary

input. The minute pulse is used to fine tune already existing time in the terminals.

The REx 5xx terminal has its own internal clock with date, hour, minute, second and

millisecond. It has a resolution of 1 ms.

The clock has a built-in calendar that handles leap years through 2098. Any change be-tween summer and winter time must be handled manually or through external time syn-

chronization. The clock is powered by a capacitor, to bridge interruptions in power

supply without malfunction.

The internal clock is used for time-tagging disturbances, events in Substation monitor-

ing system (SMS) and Substation control system (SCS), and internal events.

&DOFXODWLRQV

The time is set with year, month, day and time. Refer to the ,QVWDOODWLRQDQGFRPPLV

VLRQLQJPDQXDOfor information on the setting procedure.

When the source of time synchronization is selected on the local HMI, the parameter is

called TimeSyncSource. The time synchronisation source can also be set from the CAP

tool. The setting parameter is then called SYNCSCR. The setting alternatives are:

None (no synchronisation)

LON


42/363

33

Real-time clock with external timesynchronzation (TIME)

&KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

SPA

IEC

Minute pulse positive flank Minute pulse negative flank

The function input to be used for minute-pulse synchronisation is called TIME-MIN-

SYNC.

The internal time can be set manually down to the minute level, either via the local HMI

or via any of the communication ports. The time synchronisation fine tunes the clock

(seconds and milliseconds). If no clock synchronisation is active, the time can be set

down to milliseconds.


43/363

34

Four parameter setting groups (GRP) &KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

)RXUSDUDPHWHUVHWWLQJJURXSV*53

$SSOLFDWLRQ

Different conditions in networks of different voltage levels require high adaptability of

the used protection and control units to best provide for dependability, security and se-

lectivity requirements. Protection units operate with higher degree of availability, espe-

cially, if the setting values of their parameters are continuously optimised regarding the

conditions in power system.

The operational departments can plan different operating conditions for the primary

equipment. The protection engineer can prepare in advance for the necessary optimised

and pre-tested settings for different protection functions. Four different groups of set-

ting parameters are available in the REx 5xx terminals. Any of them can be activated

automatically through up to four different programmable binary inputs by means of ex-

ternal control signals.

)XQFWLRQDOLW\

Select a setting group by using the local HMI, from a front connected personal comput-

er, remotely from the station control or station monitoring system or by activating the

corresponding input to the GRP function block.

Each input of the function block is configurable to any of the binary inputs in the ter-

minal. Configuration must be performed by using the CAP configuration tool.

Use external control signals to activate a suitable setting group when adaptive function-

ality is necessary. Input signals that should activate setting groups must be either per-

manent or a pulse longer than 200 ms.

More than one input may be activated simultaneously. In such cases the lower order set-

ting group has priority. This means that if for example both group four and group two

are set to activate, group two will be the one activated.


44/363

35

Four parameter setting groups (GRP) &KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

'HVLJQ

The GRP function block has four functional inputs, each corresponding to one of the

setting groups stored within the terminal. Activation of any of these inputs changes the

active setting group. Four functional output signals are available for configuration pur-

poses, so that continuous information on active setting group is available.

GRP--ACTGRP1

GRP--ACTGRP2

GRP--ACTGRP3

GRP--ACTGRP4

IOx-Bly1

IOx-Bly2

IOx-Bly3

IOx-Bly4

+RL2

en01000144.vsd

ACTIVATE GROUP 4

ACTIVATE GROUP 3

ACTIVATE GROUP 2

ACTIVATE GROUP 1


45/363

36

Setting restriction of HMI (SRH) &KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

6HWWLQJUHVWULFWLRQRI+0,65+

$SSOLFDWLRQ

Use the setting restriction function to prevent unauthorized setting changes and to con-

trol when setting changes are allowed. Unpermitted or uncoordinated changes by unau-

thorized personnel may influence the security of people and cause severe damage to

primary and secondary power circuits.

By adding a key switch connected to a binary input a simple setting change control cir-

cuit can be built simply allowing only authorized keyholders to make setting changes

from the local HMI.

)XQFWLRQDOLW\

The restriction of setting via the local HMI can be activated from the local HMI only.

Activating the local HMI setting restriction prevent unauthorized changes of the termi-

nal settings or configuration.

The HMI-BLOCKSET functional input can be configured only to one of the available

binary inputs of the terminal. The terminal is delivered with the default configuration

HMI--BLOCKSET connected to NONE-NOSIGNAL. The configuration can be made

from the local HMI only, see the Installation and comissioning manual.

The function permits remote changes of settings and reconfiguration through the serial

communication ports. The restriction of setting from remote can be activated from the

local HMI only. Refer to the Technical reference manual for SPA serial communication

parameters.

All other functions of the local human-machine communication remain intact. Thismeans that an operator can read disturbance reports, setting values, the configuration of

different logic circuits and other available information.

1RWH

7KH+0,%/2&.6(7IXQFWLRQDOLQSXWPXVWEHFRQILJXUHGWRWKHVHOHFWHGELQDU\LQSXW

EHIRUHVHWWLQJWKHVHWWLQJUHVWULFWLRQIXQFWLRQLQRSHUDWLRQ&DUHIXOO\UHDGWKHLQVWUXF

WLRQV


46/363

37

Setting restriction of HMI (SRH) &KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

)LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQDQGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUWKH%/2&.6(7IXQFWLRQ

Sett ingRestrict=Block RESTRICTSETTINGS

HMI--BLOCKSET

&SWITCH

W ITH KEY

+

Rex 5xx

en01000152.vsd


47/363

38

I/O system configurator (IOP) &KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

,2V\VWHPFRQILJXUDWRU,23

$SSOLFDWLRQ

The I/O system configurator must be used in order to recognize included modules and

to create internal adress mappings between modules and protections and other func-

tions.

)XQFWLRQDOLW\

The I/O system configurator is used to add, remove or move I/O modules in the REx

5xx terminals. To configure means to connect the function blocks that represent each I/

O module (BIM, BOM, IOM, DCM and MIM) to a function block for the I/O positions

(IOP1) that represent the physical slot in the rack.

Available I/O modules are:

BIM, %inary,nput 0odule with 16 binary input channels.

BOM, %inary 2utput0odule with 24 binary output channels.

IOM,,nput/2utput0odule with 8 binary input and 12 binary output channels.

MIM, PA ,nput 0odule with six analog input channels.

DCM,'ata &ommunication 0odule. The only software configuration for this mod-

ule is the I/O Position input.

An REx 5xx terminal houses different numbers of modules depending which kind ofmodules chosen.

The 1/1 of 19-inch size casing houses a maximum of modules. But when Input/Out-

put- or Output modules are included, the maximum of these modules are. The max-

imum number of mA Input modules are also limited to .

It is possible to fit modules of different types in any combination in a terminal, but the

total maximum numbers of modules must be considered.

Each I/O-module can be placed in any CAN-I/O slot in the casing with one exception.

The DCM-module has a fixed slot position that depends on the size of the casing.

To add, remove or move modules in the terminal, the reconfiguration of the terminal

must be done from the graphical configuration CAP tool.

Users refer to the CAN-I/O slots by the physical slot numbers, which also appear in the

terminal drawings.


48/363

39

I/O system configurator (IOP) &KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

If the user-entered configuration does not match the actual configuration in the termi-

nal, an error output is activated on the function block, which can be treated as an event

or alarm.

,2SRVLWLRQ

All necessary configuration is done in the configuration CAP tool.

The Snn outputs are connected to the POSITION inputs of the I/O Modules and MIMs.

&RQILJXUDWLRQ

The I/O-configuration can only be performed from CAP tool, the graphical configura-

tion tool.

To configure from the graphical tool:

First, set the function selector for the logical I/O module to the type of I/O module

that is used, BIM, BOM, IOM, MIM, IOPSM or DCM.

Secondly, connect the POSITION input of the logical I/O module to a slot output

of the IOP function block.


49/363

40

Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU

&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

&RQILJXUDEOHORJLFEORFNV&/

$SSOLFDWLRQ

$SSOLFDWLRQ

Different protection, control, and monitoring functions within the REx 5xx terminals

are quite independent as far as their configuration in the terminal is concerned. The user

cannot enter and change the basic algorithms for different functions, because they are

located in the digital signal processors and extensively type tested. The user can config-

ure different functions in the terminals to suit special requirements for different appli-

cations.

For this purpose, additional logic circuits are needed to configure the terminals to meet

user needs and also to build in some special logic circuits, which use different logicgates and timers.

Logical function blocks are executed according to their execution serial numbers. To

get an optimal solution select their execution serial numbers in consequtive sequence.

)XQFWLRQDOLW\

,QYHUWHU,19

The INV function block is used to invert the input boolean variable. The function block

(figure 3) has one input designated IVnn-INPUT where nn presents the serial number

of the block. Each INV circuit has one output IVnn-OUT.

)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKHLQYHUWHU,19IXQFWLRQ

1INPUT OUT

IVnn

99000021.vsd


50/363

41


&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

7DEOH 7UXWKWDEOHIRUWKH,19IXQFWLRQEORFN

&RQWUROODEOHJDWH*7

The GT function block is used for controlling if a signal should be able to pass or not

depending on a setting. The function block (figure 4) has one input, designated GTnn-

INPUT, where nn presents the serial number of the block. Each GT circuit has one out-

put, GTnn-OUT. Each gate further has a Operation On/Off which controls if the INPUT

is passed to the OUT or not.

)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKHFRQWUROODEOHJDWH*7IXQFWLRQ

The output signal from the GT function block is set to 1 if the input signal is 1 and Op-

eration = On elsewhere it is set to 0. See truth table below.

7DEOH 7UXWKWDEOHIRUWKH*7IXQFWLRQEORFN

,1387 287

1 0

0 1

,1387 2SHUDWLRQ 287

0 Off 0

1 Off 0

0 On 0

1 On 1

&Operation = On

INPUTOUT

GTnn

xx00000530.vsd


51/363

42


&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

25

OR function blocks are used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean

variables. The function block (figure 5) has six inputs, designated Onnn-INPUTm,

where nnn presents the serial number of the block, and m presents the serial number of

the inputs in the block. Each OR circuit has two outputs, Onnn-OUT and Onnn-NOUT

(inverted).

)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKH25IXQFWLRQ

The output signal (OUT) is set to 1 if any of the inputs (INPUT1-6) is 1. See truth table

below.

7DEOH 7UXWKWDEOHIRUWKH25IXQFWLRQEORFN

1

INPUT6

INPUT1

INPUT2

INPUT3

INPUT4

INPUT5

OUT

1 NOUT

Onnn

xx00000514.vsd

,1387 ,1387 ,1387 ,1387 ,1387 ,1387 287 1287

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

... ... ... ... ... ... 1 0

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0


52/363

43


&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

$1'

AND function blocks are used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean

variables. The function block (figure 6) has four inputs (one of them inverted), desig-

nated Annn-INPUTm (Annn-INPUT4N is inverted), where nnn presents the serial

number of the block, and m presents the serial number of the inputs in the block. Each

AND circuit has two outputs, Annn-OUT and Annn-NOUT (inverted).

)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKH$1'IXQFWLRQ

The output signal (OUT) is set to 1 if the inputs INPUT1-3 are 1 and INPUT4N is 0.

See truth table below.

7DEOH 7UXWKWDEOHIRUWKH$1'IXQFWLRQEORFN

,1387 ,1387 ,1387 ,13871 287 1287

0 0 0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 1

0 1 1 1 0 1

1 0 0 1 0 1

1 0 1 1 0 1

1 1 0 1 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0 0 1

0 1 0 0 0 1

xx00000515.vsd

&

INPUT1

INPUT2

INPUT3

INPUT4

OUT

1NOUT

Annn


53/363

44


&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

7LPHU

The function block TM timer has outputs for delayed input signal at drop-out and at

pick-up. The timer (figure 7) has a settable time delay TMnn-T between 0.00 and 60.00

s in steps of 0.01 s. The input signal for each time delay block has the designationTMnn-INPUT, where nn presents the serial number of the logic block. The output sig-

nals of each time delay block are TMnn-ON and TMnn-OFF. The first one belongs to

the timer delayed on pick-up and the second one to the timer delayed on drop-out. Both

timers within one block always have the same setting.

)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKH7LPHUIXQFWLRQ

The function block TL timer (figure 8) with extended maximum time delay at pick-up

and at drop-out, is identical with the TM timer. The difference is the longer time delay

TLnn-T, settable between 0.0 and 90000.0 s in steps of 0.1 s.

0 1 1 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 0 0 1

1 1 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 0 1 0

,1387 ,1387 ,1387 ,13871 287 1287

xx00000523.vsd

OFFINPUT

ON

TTime delay 0.00-60.00s

TMnn

t

t


54/363

45


&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNGLDJUDPRIWKH7LPHU/RQJIXQFWLRQ

The input variable to INPUT is obtained delayed a settable time T at output OFF when

the input variable changes from 1 to 0 in accordance with the time pulse diagram, figure

9. The output OFF signal is set to 1 immediately when the input variable changes from

0 to 1.

)LJXUH ([DPSOHRIWLPHGLDJUDPIRUDWLPHUGHOD\HGRQGURSRXWZLWKSUHVHWWLPH

7 V

xx00000526.vsd

OFFINPUT

ON


TLnn

t

t

xx00000528.vsd

INPUT

OFF

T=3s

1

0

1

0

0 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


55/363

46


&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV

The input variable to INPUT is obtained delayed a settable time T at output ON when

the input variable changes from 0 to 1 in accordance with the time pulse diagram, figure

10. The output ON signal returns immediately when the input variable changes from 1

to 0.

)LJXUH ([DPSOHRIWLPHGLDJUDPIRUDWLPHUGHOD\HGRQSLFNXSZLWKSUHVHWWLPH

7 V

If more timers than available in the terminal are needed, it is possible to use pulse timers

with AND or OR logics. Figure 11 shows an application example of how to realize a

timer delayed on pick-up. Figure 12 shows the realization of a timer delayed on drop-out. Note that the resolution of the set time must be 0.2 s, if the connected logic has a

cycle time of 200 ms.

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INPUT

ON

T=3s

1

0

1

0

0 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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AND

INPUT1

INPUT2INPUT3INPUT4N

OUT

NOUTPulse

INPUTT

OUTNOUT

FIXED-ON

0.00-60.00s

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The function block TS timer has outputs for delayed input signal at drop-out and at

pick-up. The timer (figure 13) has a settable time delay TSnn-T between 0.00 and 60.00

s in steps of 0.01 s. It also has an Operation setting On, Off which controls the operation

of the timer.The input signal for each time delay block has the designation TSnn-IN-

PUT, where nn presents the serial number of the logic block. The output signals of each

time delay block are TSnn-ON and TSnn-OFF. The first one belongs to the timer de-

layed on pick-up and the second one to the timer delayed on drop-out. Both timers with-

in one block always have the same setting.

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INV

INPUT OUT

OR

INPUT1INPUT2

OUTNOUT

INPUT3

INPUT4INPUT5INPUT6

FIXED-OFF

Pulse

INPUT

T

OUT

0.00-60.00s

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&Operation = On

INPUT

TSnn

tOFF

tON

Time delay T=0.00-60.00s

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For details about the function see the description of TM Timer.

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The pulse function can be used, for example, for pulse extensions or limiting of opera-

tion of outputs. The pulse timer TP (figure 14) has a settable length of a pulse between

0.00 s and 60.00 s in steps of 0.01 s. The input signal for each pulse timer has the des-

ignation TPnn-INPUT, where nn presents the serial number of the logic block. Each

pulse timer has one output, designated by TPnn-OUT. The pulse timer is not retrigga-

ble, that is, it can be restarted first after that the time T has elapsed.

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The function block TQ pulse timer (figure 15) with extended maximum pulse length, is

identical with the TP pulse timer. The difference is the longer pulse length TQnn-T, set-

table between 0.0 and 90000.0 s in steps of 0.1 s.

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OUTINPUT


TPnn

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OUTINPUT


TQnn

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A memory is set when the input INPUT is set to 1. The output OUT then goes to 1.

When the time set T has elapsed, the memory is cleared and the output OUT goes to 0.

If a new pulse is obtained at the input INPUT before the time set T has elapsed, it does

not affect the timer. Only when the time set has elapsed and the output OUT is set to 0,the pulse function can be restarted by the input INPUT going from 0 to 1. See time pulse

diagram, figure 16.

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The function block exclusive OR (XOR) is used to generate combinatory expressionswith boolean variables. XOR (figure 17) has two inputs, designated XOnn-INPUTm,

where nn presents the serial number of the block, and m presents the serial number of

the inputs in the block. Each XOR circuit has two outputs, XOnn-OUT and XOnn-

NOUT (inverted). The output signal (OUT) is 1 if the input signals are different and 0

if they are equal.

T=3s

1

0

1

0

0 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

INPUT

OUT

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The output signal (OUT) is set to 1 if the input signals are different and to 0 if they are

equal. See truth table below.

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The function block Set-Reset (SR) (figure 18) has two inputs, designated SRnn-SET

and SRnn-RESET, where nn presents the serial number of the block. Each SR circuit

has two outputs, SRnn-OUT and SRnn-NOUT (inverted). The output (OUT) is set to 1

if the input (SET) is set to 1 and if the input (RESET) is 0. If the reset input is set to 1,

the output is unconditionally reset to 0.

,1387 ,1387 287 1287

0 0 0 1

0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0

1 1 0 1

=1OUT

1NOUT

INPUT1

INPUT2

XOnn

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The function block Set-Reset (SM) (figure 19) with/without memory has two inputs,

designated SMnn-SET and SMnn-RESET, where nn presents the serial number of the

block. Each SM circuit has two outputs, SMnn-OUT and SMnn-NOUT (inverted). The

output (OUT) is set to 1 if the input (SET) is set to 1 and if the input (RESET) is 0. If

the reset input is set to 1, the output is unconditionally reset to 0. The memory setting

controls if the flip-flop after a power interruption will return to the state it had before orif it will be reset.

OUTSET

RESET

&1

1NOUT

SRnn

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029(

The MOVE function blocks, so called copy-blocks, are used for synchronization of

boolean signals sent between logics with slow execution time and logics with fast exe-

cution time.

There are two types of MOVE function blocks - MOF located First in the slow logic

and MOL located Last in the slow logic. The MOF function blocks are used for signals

coming into the slow logic and the MOL function blocks are used for signals going out

from the slow logic.

The REx 5xx terminal contains 3 MOF function blocks of 16 signals each, and 3 MOL

function blocks of 16 signals each. This means that a maximum of 48 signals into and

48 signals out from the slow logic can be synchronized. The MOF and MOL function

blocks are only a temporary storage for the signals and do not change any value between

input and output.

Each block of 16 signals is protected from being interrupted by other logic application

tasks. This guarantees the consistency of the signals to each other within each MOVE

function block.

Synchronization of signals with MOF should be used when a signal which is produced

outside the slow logic is used in several places in the logic and there might be a mal-

function if the signal changes its value between these places.

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OUTSET

RESET

&1

1NOUT

SMnn

Memory=On,Off


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Synchronization with MOL should be used if a signal produced in the slow logic is used

in several places outside this logic, or if several signals produced in the slow logic are

used together outside this logic, and there is a similar need for synchronization.

Figure 20 shows an example of logic, which can result in malfunctions on the output

signal from the AND gate to the right in the figure.

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Figure 21shows the same logic as in figure 20, but with the signals synchronized by the

MOVE function blocks MOFn and MOLn. With this solution the consistency of the sig-

nals can be guaranteed.

Function 1 Function 2

&

Function 3

&

Fast logic Slow logic Fast logic

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rel 551_app manual 0900213a80566f1f

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