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Relation of Form to Structure

FORM the shape and structure of something asdistinguished from its material and substance

Basic Forms

Cube (from square)

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Architecture_Design_pt.7_Skidmore_Owings_and_Merrill.fv

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Sphere (from circle)

Architecture_Design_pt._13_Santiago_Calatrava.fv

Architecture_Design_pt.__!en"o_#iano.fv

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Cylinder (from circle)

Architecture_Design_pt._1$_%ean_&ouvel.fv

Cone (from triangle)

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Pyramid (from triangle)

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STRUCTURE a stable assembly of structural elementsdesigned and constructed to function as a whole insupporting and transmitting applied loads safely to theground without exceeding the allowable stresses in themembers

Fundamental Structural Systems

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intel

Corbel

!rch

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Cohesi"e

#russ

#ypes of structures (according to beha"ior under the actionof an applied load or changing load$

!igid%f or pertaining to a structure or structural member ha"ing ashape that does not change appreciably under the action ofan applied load or changing loads

Bulk-active structurea structure or structural member that redirects externalforces primarily through thebulk and continuity of its

material& as a beamor column

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Vector-activea structure or structural member that redirects externalforces primarily through the composition of tension andcompression members& as a truss

Surface-activea structure or structural member that redirects externalforces primarily along the continuity of a surface& as a plateor shell

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Flexible

%f or pertaining to a structure or structural membercharacteri'ed by a lac of stiffness and ha"ing a shape that

responds to changes in loading

Form-active structurea structure or structural member that redirects externalforces primarily through the form of its material& as an archor cable

The Importance of Structural Thinking?

#he need to pro"ide buildings with mechanical andother en"ironmental subsystems that support the hori'ontal

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and "ertical mo"ement of men and materials as well aspro"ide for heating& "entilation& air conditioning& power&water& waste disposal& acoustical and lighting needs

! Pro"isions for heating& "entilation& !C& power& water andwaste ser"ices can be "isuali'ed in a tree diagram

* !coustics influenced by structural shape+ when astructure is flexible& "ibrations are transmitted

, dome roofs concentrate, dish roof disburses

C !rtificial and natural light

, good interface minimi'es structural interface, poor interface maximi'es structural interface

, natural light and structure interact at o"erall le"el

fully enclosed box represents simple

structural problem but pro"ides no naturallight

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fully transparent roof pro"ides natural lightbut poses a complex structural problem

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bearing wall and shear wall design is

simple but admits little light

frame design is more complex but allows

up to -./ of the walls to be transparent forlight and "iew

,