relative reproductive success of hatchery and wild steelhead in the hood river dept. zoology oregon...
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Relative reproductive success of hatchery and wild steelhead in the Hood River
Dept. Zoology
Oregon State University
left in wild
taken into hatchery
Demographic boost two generations later
Wild fish
H
H
H
H
Supplementation of wild populations
left in wild
taken into hatchery
Wild fish
H
H
H
H
?
Supplementation assumes fitness of H fish similar to W
Big question: fitness of H fish after one generation through hatchery?
Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Hood River, Oregon
Powerdale dam
Winter-runEgg-laying site
Summer-runEgg-laying site
dang
Hood River Steelhead
Stock History
Winter runOld Big Creek stock (Hold) phased out in 1991Supplementation hatchery (Hnew) program began, first releases in 1992
Summer runOld Skamania stock phased out in 1997 (Hold)Supplementation hatchery program (Hnew) first releases in 1998
Note: all hatchery fish are marked with a stock-specific fin clip before release
91-92
92-93
97-98
96-97
95-96
94-95
93-94
00-01
99-00
98-99
02-03
01-02
30%
4%
5%
61%
2%
64%
31%
First generation of Hnew conservation
hatchery fish created.
Hnew parental generation released in 92. Returned to spawn in the wild mostly in 95 and 96.
F1 offspring of the 185 Hnew and 276 W parents that
Potentially spawned in the 95 run year
H
Example: winter run
Run year
Wild (unmarked fish passed)
Hold fish
passed
Hnew fish passed Adult offspring from that run year
91-92 716 292 0 264
92- 408 5 0
93- 382 2 0
94- 203 0 6
95- 276 0 185 1227
96- 242 0 283 976
97- 226 0 199 860
98- 299 0 220
99- 920 0 267
00- 1013 0 657
01- 1025 0 684
02- 725 0 413
03- 625 0 535
Winter run
New hatchery program begun in 92. Old stock phased out.
Run year
Wild (unmarked fish passed)
Hold fish
passed
Hnew fish passed Adult offspring from that run year
91-92
92- 537 1677 0
93- 240 1108 0
94- 193 1652 0
95- 132 518 0 198
96- 182 1310 0 569
97- 83 447
98- 134 4
99- 182 0
00- 208 0
01- 491 0 115
02- 641 0 482
03- 241 0 189
Summer run
New hatchery program begun in 97. Old stock phased out.
Comparisons:
Winter Run1991 Hold vs. wild
1995 Hnew vs. wild1996 Hnew vs. wild1997 Hnew vs. wild
Summer Run1995 Hold vs. wild1996 Hold vs. wild
Who’s your daddy?
Typed 97.2% of all fish passed
8 microsatellite loci
Highly polymorphic (Na = 40.6, He = 0.92)
Pure exclusion with no mismatches allowed
Relative reprod. success (RRS)* = mean #offspr. assigned per H adultmean #offspr. assigned per W adult
*correction for bias: see Araki and Blouin (2005) Molecular Ecology
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
1999-0383_F02_12.f sa 12 Green HEX
20
406080
HMS96-172_C11_04.f sa 4 Green Ssa407 (1:35)
200
400600
HW99-364_K21_11.f sa 11 Green Ssa407 (1:35)
500
1000
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency distribution of number of offspring
“Traditional” hatchery v.s. Wild (Winter91)
“New” hatchery v.s. Wild (Winter96)
Male Female
Freq. Freq.
N[offspring] N[offspring]
Male Female
Freq. Freq.
N[offspring] N[offspring]
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Hatchery-bornWild-born
Hatchery-bornWild-born
Hatchery-bornWild-born
Hatchery-bornWild-born
Run-Year RRS[H/W]-Male RRS[H/W]-Female
Summer95 0.31** 0.33**
Summer96 0.30** 0.28**
Average 0.30** 0.30**
Winter91 0.06** 0.11**
“Traditional” hatchery v.s. Wild
“New” hatchery v.s. Wild
Run-Year RRS[H/W]-Male RRS[H/W]-Female
Winter95 0.67* 0.77
Winter96 1.05 0.93
Winter97 0.85 1.26
Average 0.87 0.98
Summary
Hold summers ~ 30% fitness of wild fish
Hold winters 6-11% fitness of wild fish
Hnew winters 67-126% (avg. 86-98%) fitness of wild fish
Summary
Hold summers ~ 30% fitness of wild fish
Hold winters 6-11% fitness of wild fish
Hnew winters 67-126% (avg. 86-98%) fitness of wild fish
Angling correction
Hold summers ~ 40% fitness of wild fish
Hold winters 6-11% fitness of wild fish
Hnew winters 71-156% (avg. 106-118%) fitness of wild fish
Taken into hatchery
Success of Hood River supplementation program?
5-10X
0.85X
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Supplementation a good idea?
Ecological issues
Effective size
When do you stop?
steelhead (this study)
steelhead
Atlantic salmon (farmed)
steelhead
steelhead Brown trout
From: Travis et al., 2004. Salmon Recovery Science Review Panel Report for NMFShttp://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/trt/rsrp.htm
Decline in fitness with generations through hatchery
91-92
92-93
97-98
96-97
95-96
94-95
93-94
00-01
99-00
98-99
02-03
01-02
3%
77%
20%
29%
4%
6%
61%
08-09
07-08
06-07
05-06
03-04
04-05
09-10
Returning Hnew adults mixed with wild broodstock in
Hatchery beginning in 1995
3%
77%
20%
Future workEffects of incorporating Hnew into broodstock (i.e. effects of more than one generation through hatchery)?
Acknowledgements
Hitoshi ArakiBill ArdrenBecky CooperCharles CriscioneRod French Kathryn KostowODFW Staff at Powerdale DamErik OlsenRuben Van Dam
Funding
BPAODFW