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SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 16.0

Release Information

October 2019 1/43

Release Information – PSS®SINCAL Platform 16.0

This document describes the most important enhancements and changes to the new program version. See

the product manuals for a more detailed description.

General Remarks 3

Licensing 3

System Requirements 3

Models 4

Automation 4

PSS®SINCAL 6

User Interface 6

New Dialog Box for Sample Files 6

Direct Opening of Network Archives 6

Enhancements in the Options Dialog Box 6

Enhancements in Tabular View 7

Enhancements for Result Compilations 8

Enhancements in the Network Browser 8

Enhancements for Feeders 10

Enhancements in the Graphics Editor 10

Enhanced License Information for Network Licenses 11

Modified Structures for External Results 11

New Authorization Level for Master Database 11

Electrical Networks 13

New Stress Test Calculation Module 13

Enhanced Load Assignment 15

Enhanced Load Profile Calculation 17

Enhanced Contingency Analysis 19

Enhancements in Protection Coordination 21

Enhancements to the Protection Analysis 23

Enhancements for Checking OC Setting Values 25

New Control Options for Protection Route Calculation 26

New Diagrams for Harmonics Calculation 26

Enhanced Plot Functions for Dynamic Simulation 26

New Network Elements 27

Revision of the Input Data of the Network Elements 29

New Dialog Box for Calculation Settings 32

External Data for Network Elements 32


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October 2019 2/43

Enhanced CYMDIST Import 33

PSS®NETOMAC 35

User Interface 35

Improvements in the Model Editor 35

Enhanced Plot Definition 35

Enhanced Functions for Diagrams 37

Calculation Methods 38

Enhancements for Eigenvalue Analysis 38

Enhancements for BOSL Models 39

Enhanced MEMREAD/MEMWRITE Block 42

Enhanced FUNCTION Block 42


Release Information

October 2019 3/43

General Remarks

Licensing

To operate the PSS SINCAL Platform 16.0, new license files are required. Once the program is

installed, these can be requested at the PSS SINCAL Platform Support (phone +43 699 12364435,

email [email protected]).

System Requirements

The following hardware and software requirements include the minimum requirements to operate an

application of the PSS SINCAL Platform 16.0.

Recommended Hardware

PC or notebook

CPU: >= 2 GHz (MultiCore)

RAM: 8 GB

Hard disk: >= 20 GB

Graphics card: >= 1920 x 1200, True Color

Mouse: 3 buttons (wheel mouse)

Operating Systems Supported

Windows 7 (x86 & x64)



Windows Server 2008 R2 (x64)

Windows Server 2012 R2 (x64)

Windows Server 2016 (x64)

Database Systems Supported

Microsoft Access

SQLite 3.x

Oracle 9i

Oracle 10g

Oracle 11g

SQL Server 2008, SQL Server Express 2008

SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server Express 2008 R2





Release Information

October 2019 4/43

Models

New Models

The following new XMAC models, including the appropriate documentation in the Models Manual,

are provided:

• AC1C.xmac – Excitation system model in accordance with IEEE421.5-2016



• TGOV1DU.xmac – Modified TGOV1 model in accordance with PSS E documentation

• GAST.xmac – New in GMB

• URGS3T.xmac – New in GMB

Updated Models

• AC8B.xmac – Double definition of #KIR was removed

Removed Models

The following MAC models were removed:

• GAST.mac – Not in accordance with the PSS E definition

• URGS3T.mac – Not in accordance with the PSS E definition

• URGS3Ta.mac – Not in accordance with the PSS E definition

The following models have been removed as they are not documented and have fixed parameters:

• drehz.mac

• drehzvar.mac

• DZR.mac

Automation

The documentation of the automation functions of the PSS SINCAL Platform was comprehensively

extended. All available functions are described in detail in the new Automation Manual and illustrated

by means of simple code examples. As the Python programming language is being used increasingly

more often for the automation of the PSS SINCAL Platform, all code examples are now provided for

both Visual Basic Script (VBS) as well as for Python.

Completely new versions of the available automation examples have likewise been provided. These

show all the important automation functions of the PSS SINCAL Platform in the form of simple

examples and real applications.

The following table contains a list of the PSS SINCAL Automation Examples with a brief function

description.

Example file Type Description

CIMtoNETOMAC.py SIM Conversion of CIM data to PSS NETOMAC format.

CopyProtDev.pyw CopyProtDev.vbs

GUI Copying of protection devices of a reference device to any installation locations with a wizard in the GUI.

FaultChange.py SIM Changing of the location of a fault observation for protection coordination.

FaultLoc.py SIM Fault location with output of results from SQLite DB.


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October 2019 5/43

GuiAutoSincal.py GuiAutoSincal.vbs

GUI Automation examples of user interface for Calculation and result display, Printing, Marking, Temporary coloring, Properties, ISO areas, Highlighting, Feeders.

ImportCon.py ImportCon.vbs

DB Importing Adept cable data in a PSS SINCAL Access or SQLite standard database.

SelBackFeedTrans.py SelBackFeedTrans.vbs

SIM GUI

Example of automation for detecting whether power back flow occurs across selected transformers.

ServerTest.xls SIM GUI

Test of the automation functions in Excel worksheet with VBA.

SimAutoSincal.py SimAutoSincal.vbs

SIM Automation examples of calculation for Load flow, Short circuit, Multiple calculation, Fault location, Import, Export, Diagrams, Table object in the calculation, Matrix dump, Database manager, Storing of virtual DB in physical DB, Reading out of DB results from SQLite and Access, License query.

sincal.py sincal.vbs

SIM GUI

Automation support module for GUI and calculation. Is used by all Python and VBS samples.

VoltageDrop.py VoltageDrop.vbs

SIM Voltage drop calculation for electrical networks. Consumption is increased with automation functions on a consumer until the load flow calculation is no longer possible.

VoltageDrop2.pyw VoltageDrop2.vbs

SIM GUI

Voltage drop calculation for electrical networks. Consumption is increased with automation functions on a consumer until the load flow calculation is no longer possible. Control and visualization are implemented here with wizards in the GUI.

The following table contains a list of the PSS NETOMAC Automation Examples with a brief function

description.

Example file Type Description

EVA.py Sim Eigenvalue analysis with evaluation and result output.

GuiAutoNeto.py GuiAutoNeto.vbs

GUI Automation examples of user interface for calculation in the GUI, signal export.

netomac.py netomac.vbs

Sim GUI

Automation support module for GUI and calculation. Is used by all Python and VBS samples.

SimAutoNeto.py SimAutoNeto.vbs

Sim Automation examples of calculation for load flow with result output, dynamic simulation, PSS E import, DVG import.

The support modules sincal.py, sincal.vbs, netomac.py and netomac.vbs are also new. These

provide a wide range of predefined functions in order to simplify the use of automation functions.

Both the Python versions as well as those for VBS can also be included easily in user-defined

automation scripts. The support modules also simplify the use of different product versions and also

show the possibility of direct access to Access and SQLite databases.


Release Information

October 2019 6/43

PSS®SINCAL

User Interface

New Dialog Box for Sample Files

The Open samples function is provided on the Start Page of PSS SINCAL in order to use the

example networks. This function now opens the new Samples dialog box, which lists available

example networks and provides additional information on them.

A brief description is displayed for each example and the possibility is also provided to open the

documentation referring to this example directly. It also displays the calculation methods for which

the example is suitable. It is also possible to filter the examples on the basis of preselected

calculation methods.

Direct Opening of Network Archives

A network archive (sinx file) contains all the relevant data of a PSS SINCAL network in compressed

form. This makes it possible to store network data using the RDBMS SQL server or Oracle. In other

words, the network archive is a useful resource – both for archiving as well as for passing on a

network to other users.

In order to use a network archive, it was previously necessary to manually create a suitable

PSS SINCAL network and then import the network archive into this network. This procedure has

been simplified. It is now also possible to directly select a sinx file in the Open dialog box. This

automatically creates the PSS SINCAL network structure for the selected network archive at the

memory location of the sinx file and opens this network for editing.

Enhancements in the Options Dialog Box

The Options dialog box was revised in order to make the setting of PSS SINCAL parameters more

flexible. The options for controlling general calculation functions such as parallel processing, logging,


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October 2019 7/43

calculation reports etc. are now all assigned to the current document and can thus be configured

individually for each network.

This change also includes the addition of the functions for Importing and Exporting Workspaces.

The document options are also now stored here. In other words, it is now possible to preconfigure a

workspace with individual options, which can then be used when a new network is created.

The tabs with the common settings for the document have likewise been redesigned. These have

now all been combined clearly in the new Common tab.

Update Check

The User Interface tab now makes it possible to configure whether PSS SINCAL should

automatically check the availability of updates and new versions on startup.

Database Configuration

New options for compressing data for the SQLite database system are provided in the Database

Configuration tab. The options can prevent the size of databases from increasing when using

calculation methods that generate a very large quantity of results. The database can now be

compressed either directly after the calculation as well as when closing the document. Special

SQLite functions were used for this, which only carry out the compression when this has a significant

effect and otherwise does not require any time.

Enhancements in Tabular View

Like in PSS NETOMAC, the possibility was provided in Tabular View to display the floating point

numbers either with the accuracy predefined in the meta model or with a variable floating point

notation with exponential notation. The notation form can be preset in the Options dialog box in the

Forms and Tabular View tab.


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October 2019 8/43

The exponential notation is particularly useful if the data from Tabular View is to be transferred to

other systems with Copy and Paste. This enables the data to be copied by rounding without any loss

in accuracy.

Input Data in Tabular View

The following input data is provided in the Tabular View in response to customer requests:

• Topology – Additional data – Customer load data: All customer data from general loads

• Topology – Additional data – Model values: Parameters of all models

• Topology – Protection coordination – Pickup: Pickup configuration of all protection devices

Display of the Database ID

The Tabular View was provided with the possibility to display the database ID (= primary key) of the

elements and nodes. This is designed to support users carrying out evaluations directly in the

database. The display of the database ID can be activated via Table – Display Options – Show

Primary Key.

Enhancements for Result Compilations

A new function has been provided for the compiling of results, by which the compilations from other

networks can be imported. The new function is directly linked in the Results View.

Enhancements in the Network Browser

Easier Updating

The update function in the PSS SINCAL user interface makes it possible to create missing network

graphics for network models simply and conveniently. The update functions have so far been linked

in the Network Browser as a separate editing mode. This has developed historically and is actually

not ideal because in order to work it has been necessary to continuously change between topology


Release Information

October 2019 9/43

display and updating.

The updating functions have therefore now been integrated directly in the Topology display of the

network browser. The network elements and nodes without network graphics are already provided

there with a special marking. The nodes without network graphics can now be dragged directly into

the network graphic in order start the update. The control functions required, i.e. the mode for

updating and advanced options, are linked in the drop-down menu.

The pop-up menu in the topology display was likewise enhanced in order to also enable access to

the advanced functions such as Check Graphics, Create Elements and Set Nodes.

Display of the Database ID

Like in the Tabular View, the network browser was also provided with the possibility to display the

database ID (= primary key) of the elements and nodes. The optional display of the database ID can

be activated in the Options dialog box in the User Interface tab. If this is activated, the table name

and primary key are also displayed with the database ID.

Improvements for Substations

The functions for marking and locating substations and their assigned elements have been improved

in the network graphic. For substations that do not have any individual network graphic, the network

elements assigned to the substation are now marked in the graphics editor.


Release Information

October 2019 10/43

Enhancements for Feeders

Automatic Update on Switching

The Network Browser now provides a new option for feeders, by which an automatic updating of the

feeders can be activated for switching actions. The feeders are then automatically generated here

and the visualization in the network graphic is also updated (if active).

Improved Control of Preselection in the GUI

The preselection of feeders in the network browser has been improved. The available feeders are

now all preselected by default.

Extended Excel Documentation for Asymmetrical Networks

The Excel documentation of feeders has been extended for asymmetrical networks. Depending on

the network model, either the symmetrical or asymmetrical load flow results are used as the basis for

further evaluations.

Enhancements in the Graphics Editor

Connection of Branch Elements to Identical Nodes/Busbars

The creation/editing function was changed so that branch elements can be connected to identical

nodes. As this behavior is not always desired, a parameter for activating/deactivating this has been

provided in the Options dialog box in the User Interface tab.

This function is useful if a ring is to be modelled with a branch element, in which the intermediate

nodes are then generated by the Insert Netpoint function.

New Alignment Option for Three-Winding Transformer

The symbol of the three-winding transformer was previously always aligned along terminals 1-2. The

new option also now allows alignment along the terminals 2-3. The alignment is always based by

default on terminals 1-2, however, this can be changed if required in the Properties Window with

the Adjustment of Symbol option.

Alignment terminal 1-2:

Alignment terminal 2-3:


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October 2019 11/43

Generating Missing Graphic Texts

With different import functions, PSS SINCAL makes it possible to select whether individual graphic

texts for network elements are to be generated. Omitting the individual texts considerably reduces

the data volume. However, this may result in restrictions when text attributes and positions have to

be changed individually on elements and nodes, since this is then no longer possible.

A new function has therefore been provided in the PSS SINCAL user interface, by which the missing

graphic texts are automatically generated in the database if required. The function for generating the

texts is provided in the Network Browser pop-up menu where the other functions for updating the

network graphic are also provided.

Enhanced License Information for Network Licenses

The display of license information via Help – License Information has been enhanced. Users who

are using network licenses and the corresponding connection times are shown in the license groups.

This makes it possible to examine the use of the available licenses simply in the user interface.

Modified Structures for External Results

The data structures of external results provided in the PSS SINCAL "_files" directory have been

standardized. Different calculations previously involved the use of different structures for file names

and directory names, particularly when using different variants. The new data structure provides a

fixed directory for the calculation procedures. The relevant result files and result databases are

always stored there with a three digit variant suffix. The file structure is identical to that of the logging

function. This change is designed to simplify the evaluation of the results by external tools, because

these are now able to access the result data more easily.

The following calculation procedures now use the new data structures:

• Verify Connection Conditions

• Protection analysis

• Check OC Settings

• Determining Fault Locations

• Hosting Capacity

• Energy Storage

• Network Stress Test

New Authorization Level for Master Database

The new Power User authorization level is provided for the master database. This has the same


Release Information

October 2019 12/43

rights as the Administrator but does permit the execution of any user management. The new

authorization level is provided for those users who are to publicly release the publications of other

users, however, no changes to the user structure of the master database are permitted.


Release Information

October 2019 13/43

Electrical Networks

New Stress Test Calculation Module

The increasing use of electro-mobility is placing increasing loads on distribution networks. The

problem here is that these loads vary both in terms of location and time. A single static calculation is

therefore not enough to analyze the network. The Network Stress Test calculation module therefore

performs analyses in the network on the basis of stochastically distributed loads.

Help can be provided through the answers to the following questions:

• Is there any overloaded equipment caused by randomly distributed mobile consumers?

• Is the network voltage in accordance with EN50160 and VDE-4105 still permissible?

• Can the required charge power be provided for e-mobility from the local network station?

• From what level of penetration with mobile consumers do problems occur in the network?

The new calculation module can be started via Calculate – Load Flow – Network Stress Test. This

opens the wizard in which the most important control parameters can be predefined.

The observation times and limit values for voltages and utilization of equipment can be defined on

the Calculation Settings page of the wizard.

The positions are then set on the Placement for E-Mobility page.

In order to replicate the possible connection points in the area of observation with the permissible

connection loads as realistically as possible, these are predefined in a network element group.

Minimum and maximum charging power and the number of charging facilities are defined.

The mobile consumers are likewise predefined. It is possible to set the number of consumers that are

to be placed simultaneously, their connection load and connection type (3-phase and 1-phase).

The mobile consumers are placed at the beginning of the load flow calculation with a random

algorithm. In other words, the consumers are generated randomly on the predefined possible

connection points on the basis of the charge power determined by the control parameters.


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October 2019 14/43

The load flow is solved for this generated load situation and the results in the network are analyzed.

Overloads and voltage range violations are logged. This sequence is repeated until the set number of

calculation loops has been reached.

The following illustration shows the operating principle:

The area of observation forms the basis for all checks in the calculation process. As previously

mentioned, the mobile consumers are connected to the predefined connection points. The example

shown contains 4 mobile consumers of type A and 2 mobile consumers of type B.

The connection points of type 1 only have individual connection loads of 3.7 kW. The type 2

connection points indicate commercial charging stations with a higher charging power of 11 kW and

multiple connection possibilities.

The 6 predefined mobile consumers are then randomly connected repeatedly in the network at the

possible connection points. A load flow calculation is calculated each time and limit value violations

are determined.

The results of the extensive calculations are stored in an external SQLite database. The results are

visualized in the Results View of the PSS SINCAL user interface. This provides extensive evaluation

functions, by which the effects in the network can be examined in detail. The overloaded network

elements are listed for each calculation time. The amount of display can be reduced with filter

functions and also the display of detailed results, i.e. the location of each consumer in the network, is

possible.

The results can also be visualized with highlights in the network graphic. A combined evaluation with

ISO areas is possible in order to visualize the load situation simultaneously with the overloaded

network elements (as in the following illustration).

…

…

…

…

…

Area of observation

Connection point typ 1

Service use, single, 3.7 kW

Connection point typ 2

Commercial use, multiple, 11 kW

Mobile consumer type A

Mobile consumer type B


Release Information

October 2019 15/43

Enhanced Load Assignment

In order to design networks for future requirements as optimally as possible, forecast data can be a

valuable resource. This enables any network states occurring in future to be described realistically.

As the forecast data is normally determined for an entire network area or feeder, the data volume is

also relatively low, even if the data is present in hour values for several years. The forecast data

therefore contains a reduced compact image over time of the variable loads and supply sources of

the entire network or a subnetwork, which can be transferred to the individual network elements with

suitable algorithms.

In PSS SINCAL the forecast data can be assigned directly as a profile to a measuring device, which

can be placed at any terminal in the network. Due to the decentralized supply sources present in

distribution networks, the forecast data is normally generated separately for supply sources and

consumers. The profiles for the measured values of the measuring devices can therefore also be

stored separately and also those for the decentralized supply sources in the measuring range.

Forecast profiles for measured values are therefore a useful and efficient approach for analyzing a

network in detail over several years without the need to store detailed profile data for each consumer

and each supply source.

The following illustration shows the data of a measuring device at a feeder. The forecast data over

one year (8760 hours) for the power at the installation location as well as the forecast values for the

generation of all DC infeeders in the measuring range is stored here.


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October 2019 16/43

With the assigned profiles a Load Assignment can be carried out for any time. The required View

Date just has to be set in the calculation settings. The load assignment then determines the correct

power for all loads and supply sources in the measuring range and offers the possibility to transfer

this to the input data of the network elements.

In order for this data to also be used effectively by PSS SINCAL in all calculation methods, it is now

possible to carry out a load assignment automatically before the actual calculation, e.g. load flow,

contingency analysis, harmonics etc. New control options have been added for this in the

Calculation Settings, Basic Data tab.


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October 2019 17/43

The Load Data field makes it possible to define whether

• the load profile data is to be considered,

• the load increase data is to be considered,

• a load assignment is to be carried out.

The data is considered and the trimming completed by the load assignment take place before the

selected calculation method. In other words, this uses as a basis the network image resulting from

the selected options for the set View Date (with time).

Enhanced Load Profile Calculation

The load profile calculation generates a large volume of results depending on the network model and

calculation period. This basically consists of all the load flow results of the network multiplied by the

number of calculation time steps. In a network of approx. 10,000 nodes many gigabytes can be

quickly generated for a calculation period of several years.

If these results are completely stored in the network database, this will have a negative effect on both

the editing of the network in the user interface as well as the handling of the network (archiving,

distribution etc.). To avoid this problem, it is possible if required to only store the results for the

marked nodes and elements in the database. Although this is ideal for the direct evaluation of the

data in the user interface, it is not helpful if the results are to be further processed and evaluated with

external tools. The option has therefore been provided to store all the results if required in an

external SQLite database. A new field has been provided for this in the Options dialog box in the

Basic Data tab.

As part of this enhancement, the already available options for storing results in the network database

have been simplified. The first selection field (#1) is used to determine how the results are stored in

the network database:

• Due to method:

This option automatically stores the results according to the simulation method selected. With a

load profile calculation or a motor start-up calculation, for example, this only stores the results for

the marked nodes and elements. However, with a normal load flow calculation all results are

stored.

• Completely:

All results are stored in the database.

• Marked:

Only results for marked nodes and elements are stored.


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October 2019 18/43

The second selection field (#2) is used to determine which results are to be stored in the external

SQLite database:

• No external results:

No results are written to an external database.

• Full external results:

All results for each time point are written to the external database.

• Marked external results:

Only results for the marked nodes and elements are written to the external database.

The external result database is generated in the directory "LF" of the network, i.e.

"{network}_files\LF". This has a simple table structure but nevertheless contains all data including

topology, so that evaluations can be performed with external tools without any problems. The load

flow results are provided for the terminals in the "LFBranchResult" table. This contains the essential

node and branch results. The following illustration shows the opened external database in an

external SQLite database tool.

Extended Start Values for Load Flow Calculation

A new control option has been provided in the Load Flow tab of the calculation settings, by which it

is possible to define whether the load flow is started for each calculation time with a flat start and set

control settings or whether the state of the previous calculation time is used.

The following selection options are available here:

• Flat start (all):

All load flows start with a voltage of 1 pu and the current tap position of all regulators.

• Start values (all):

All load flows start with the preset voltage of the node and the current tap position of all

regulators.

• Flat start (first):

The first load flow starts with a voltage of 1 pu and the current tap position of all regulators. The


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October 2019 19/43

subsequent load flows use the voltage and the tap position of the previous load flow calculation.

• Start values (first):

The first load flow starts with the default voltage of the node and the current tap position of all

regulators. The subsequent load flows use the voltage and the tap position of the previous load

flow calculation.

By using the result of the previous time, it is possible to achieve a more realistic control behavior in

the load profile calculation and has a positive effect on the convergence and calculation time.

New Diagram for Tap Positions

A new diagram for tap positions has been provided in the load profile calculation. In other words, the

results of the "Load flow tap position results" (LFTranTapPosResult) are provided here in

diagrammatic form.

Enhanced Contingency Analysis

The contingency analysis has been comprehensively enhanced in order to enable the use of

scenarios. The idea here was for comprehensive changes in the network model to be made possible

in the form of a scenario. Scenarios enable the data of the network elements, such as the feed

powers of generators, consumption powers of consumers etc., to be changed as required. Switching

actions can naturally also be changed.

Network changes stored in the scenario are interpreted in the contingency analysis as follows:

• Malfunction → Operating state of network element "out of service"

• Reconnect → Close breaker at terminal of a network element

• Disconnect → Open breaker at terminal of a network element

• Changes → Change of the data of a network element

In the Malfunction Scenario view in the network browser, the scenarios are assigned in the same

way as network elements. The following illustration shows the malfunction scenario "MalfScnLeft"

(#1). The malfunction of the line "L4" and also the scenario "Reduction+Connect" (#2) are assigned

to the scenario.


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October 2019 20/43

The "Reduction+Connect" scenario connects the line "L7" and the two loads "LO8" and "LO9" are

reduced. This makes it possible to maintain the network operation even in the event of a malfunction

of the supply line "L4". The following illustrations show a network section in continuous operation and

when using the "MafScnLeft" malfunction scenario.

Continuous Operation:

Malfunction scenario MalfScnLeft:


Release Information

October 2019 21/43

Enhancements in Protection Coordination

Distance Protection Devices MiCOM P433 and MiCOM P435

The distance protection devices MiCOM P433 and MiCOM P435 are now also provided in the

protection coordination. The two devices have 6 distance levels with the following tripping areas:

• Impedance circle

• Impedance quadrilateral

• Impedance circle with arc compensation

The tripping area impedance circle with arc flash compensation is new. The selection value for the

measuring types was extended on the protection device for this and the circular area was

implemented in the protection coordination with correction factors in accordance with the device

manual. With this measuring type the impedance area is described with a circle. In order to better

detect arc faults, the area is extended by specifying the angle α at this angle using the differential

angle .

|𝑍𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝| = |𝑍| × (1 + sin 𝛿)

Enhancement for Ground Fault Detection

The direction determination in the Directional Element tab of the protection device was extended. It

is now possible to specify individually for the Directional Element – Phase (#1) and the Directional

Element – Ground (#2) how the determination is to be carried out.

The enhanced functionality for Loop Detection (#3) is also new. The ground fault detection is carried

out with a special logic in the protection devices. The ground current and ground voltage are used as

input values. These can be used individually or in combination. The following possibilities are

therefore now available for Ground Detection:

• I:

A ground fault is detected if the ground current is exceeded.

• V:

A ground fault is detected if the ground voltage is exceeded.

• I AND V:

A ground fault is detected if the ground current and ground voltage are exceeded.

• I OR V:

A ground fault is detected if the ground current or ground voltage is exceeded.

Z

Zkomp

α


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October 2019 22/43

Enhancement for Protection Settings

As with the distance protection device, an option has been provided to deactivate all trips to once for

the voltage, differential and OC protection setting values.


Release Information

October 2019 23/43

Enhancement for I/t Diagrams

The control options for the I/t diagrams in the Network Area have been extended. A new selection

value has been provided here to display the I/t Curve:

The following settings can be made for the display of the tripping characteristics:

• Parent:

The tripping characteristic is represented as is defined in the parent network area. If there is no

parent network area, the Decade option is used.

• Decade:

The tripping characteristics up to the end of the last decade are shown.

• Current range:

The tripping characteristics up to the end of the current range are shown.

Enhancements to the Protection Analysis

New Functionality for Backup Protection Check

The function for checking the backup protection has been enhanced. In addition to the already

available check function, an extended check has been provided which can be activated in the wizard

in the 2nd selection list at the Malfunction option. The following check functions can be selected:

• Default:

To determine the backup protection, a network trace is performed behind the protection device

required to malfunction so that all the devices for the backup or which have a backup protection

function for the fault location are obtained. Those devices not carrying current are then removed.

• Extended:

All devices at the same node and also those located opposite these devices, are considered as

backup protection.


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October 2019 24/43

If the available methods for the automatic determination of the backup protection devices are not

enough, the backup protection devices can now also be defined individually for each protection

device. These are then given preference with all checks of the protection analysis. The dialog box for

the definition can be opened in the graphics editor via clicking Backup Protection the pop-up menu

of the protection device. Any backup protection devices can be assigned to the selected protection

device.

In transmission and distribution networks, the backup protection devices are often provided on the

same terminal as the main protection devices. In order to better depict this configuration in the

protection analysis, the implementation of the malfunction was changed. This causes a default

malfunction of only the main protection devices at the start and the end of the protection route. Other

devices assigned to the protection route are considered as backup protection devices. The new

Device malfunction on all devices on a terminal option makes it possible to specify whether

additional routes are to be formed on which all devices malfunction on one terminal. Up to 3 routes

would be added here:

• All devices at the start terminal malfunction.

• All devices at the end terminal malfunction.


Release Information

October 2019 25/43

• All devices at the start and end terminal malfunction.

Evaluation of Destruction Through Overheating in the Results View

The protection analysis provides the possibility to check whether equipment is destroyed due to

faults in the protection area. For this the Destruction option in the Extended Settings section is

available in the wizard, which can be activated as required.

Previously, a destruction through the overheating of equipment was shown as an underfunction in

the evaluation in the Results View if the extended check was activated. The evaluation of the fault

clearing was thus linked with an evaluation of the effects of the fault, which is normally undesired.

This has been changed. A separate display of the Results View can now be activated in the Options

dialog box for evaluating the destruction through overheating.

The following illustration shows a section of the new destruction display. Those protection routes in

which the destruction of equipment has occurred are highlighted in red and the clearing time and

maximum permissible clearing time are shown.

The affected elements in the table are shown via the pop-up menu of a cell or are selected in the

graphics editor. It is also possible to highlight the network elements in the graphics editor.

A new result report for the destruction through overheating is also provided.

Enhancements for Checking OC Setting Values

Enhanced Setting of Parameters for k Factors

The definition of the permissible k factors was linked to the selected short circuit method. This

enables k factors to be set individually for any error type (3-phase, 1-phase etc.).

Visualization of Violations

A new highlighting of the results in the network graphic is provided by which the violation of the set k

factors can be visualized. The highlighting can be activated in the Options dialog box of the Results

View.


Release Information

October 2019 26/43

New Control Options for Protection Route Calculation

New control parameters have been provided for the protection route calculation. These improve the

ability to define the size of the generated protection route. For this the same options for defining the

check range as for the protection analysis have been provided in the Protection Route dialog box,

which is opened when the calculation method is started.

The area to be checked can either be the entire network, a network element group or the network

elements selected in the network graphic. The protection routes are then generated for the protection

devices in this area to be checked. The routes can optionally be limited with transformers or by the

network element group.

New Diagrams for Harmonics Calculation

The diagrams for the harmonic contingency have been enhanced. It is now also possible to display

the impedance and angle over the frequency in addition to the locus curve. The data to be displayed

can be selected via the Show Data menu item of the pop-up menu in the diagram.

Enhanced Plot Functions for Dynamic Simulation

New options have now been provided in the Plot Definition for Dynamics dialog box, by which a

selected size of all machines in the entire network can be output. The output range can optionally be

reduced to a particular network level or a network area in order to reduce the number of generated

signals.

The use of aggregate functions is also possible, i.e.

• Minimum value,

• Maximum value and

• Mean value

can be output for the selected size.

The following illustration shows the new option in the dialog box. This outputs the excitation current

of the d axis of all machines in the network (#1) present in the 380 kV network level (#2).


Release Information

October 2019 27/43

New functions have also been provided for the output of the Voltage in network. This enables either

the voltage value, the voltage angle or the frequency at the node to be output. Restricting nodes to a

network level or a network area can be activated if required.

The possibility to plot All Block Outputs of a Particular Controller is also provided. For this the

controller is defined in the dialog box as usual and the "(All)" option is selected for the signal to be

output.

New Network Elements

Three Winding Transformer with Split Second Winding

The three-winding transformer provided in PSS SINCAL was extended with a new equivalent circuit

in order to meet the requirements of the GOST standard. The following illustrations show the

differences between the normal three-winding transformer and those with the split winding.

Normal three-winding transformer:

𝑥𝐵 = 0.5 ∙ (𝑥𝐵−𝐻 + 𝑥𝐵−𝐶 − 𝑥𝐶−𝐻);

𝑥𝐶 = 0.5 ∙ (𝑥𝐵−𝐶 + 𝑥𝐶−𝐻 − 𝑥𝐵−𝐻);

𝑥𝐻 = 0.5 ∙ (𝑥𝐵−𝐻 + 𝑥𝐶−𝐻 − 𝑥𝐵−𝐶);

Three winding transformer with split winding:

𝑥𝐵 = 𝑥𝐵−𝐻 − 0.25 ∙ 𝑥𝐻1−𝐻2;

𝑥𝐻1 = 𝑥𝐻2 = 0.5 ∙ 𝑥𝐻1−𝐻2;

The three-winding transformer with a second split winding can be created and edited in PSS SINCAL

like a normal three-winding transformer. The screen form is provided with the Split Winding option,

by which the new transformer model can be activated.


Release Information

October 2019 28/43

Serial Dual Reactor

The serial dual reactor is a new network element in PSS SINCAL. This is primarily required for the

GOST standard. The following illustration shows the symbol of the new network element as well as

the screen form with the input data.

The serial dual reactor is simulated for the calculation by three connected serial reactors.

Knoten 3

Eingabe

interner Knoten

(nicht

Nachbildung

Knoten 2

Knoten 1

Knoten 3 Knoten 2

Knoten 1


Release Information

October 2019 29/43

The internal (invisible) node gets the same network level – as well as the voltage for the network

level as the rated node voltage – as the network node 1. The three new serial reactors are aligned to

the internal node and are simulated as an impedance.

The impedances of the three connected serial reactors are calculated from the rated voltage,

reactance, coupling factor and losses. When the losses are measured, the rated current flows at both

ends of the reactors.

𝑅 =𝑃𝑣

1000 × 𝐼𝑅2 × 6

𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋

The losses are concentrated by half on Side 2 and Side 3 in order to prevent any negative active

losses. The impedances of the three connected serial reactors are calculated as follows.

𝑍1 = 0.0 + 𝑗𝑋 × (−𝐹𝑐𝑡 𝑋)

𝑍2 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋 × (1 + 𝐹𝑐𝑡 𝑋)

𝑍3 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋 × (1 + 𝐹𝑐𝑡 𝑋)

Revision of the Input Data of the Network Elements

Modified Functionality for DC Infeeders

The input data of the DC infeeders was generally revised and given a clearer design. The data is

entered now in the same way as the other PSS SINCAL network elements, i.e. the Infeeder Data

section provides the rating data that describes the element and the Operating State that ultimately

defines how the element operates in the calculation methods.

The DC element is now provided with an input field for the Rated Apparent Power (#1). This is now

used as a rating value for the internal models and also for the control.


Release Information

October 2019 30/43

The DC Infeeder Type (#2) has also been revised. This definition includes the symbol that is

displayed in the graphics editor. However, the supply type is also considered in the calculation

methods. Short circuits on photovoltaic installations and wind turbine plants are specially treated in

accordance with IEC/VDE requirements.

It is now also possible to use Standard Types (#3) for the DC infeeders.

Redesign of Power Control

The power control at the DC infeeder, infeeder, synchronous machine and power unit network

elements have been given a clearer design.

Profile Data for Asynchronous Machine and Variable Shunt Element

Both with the Asynchronous Machine and Variable Shunt Element it is now possible to store

profile data and load increase data. This makes it possible to simulate in the load flow variable

behavior over time for these elements. Operating points can also be assigned. The new data is

linked with these two network elements in the screen form in the Element Data tab.

Enhancement for Dynamic Data of the Synchronous Machine

The input of the dynamic data of synchronous machines has been improved. An optional input in the

Dynamics screen form has been provided for the Armature Leakage Reactance and the Direct

Current Time Constant.

The option for modeling a saturated/unsaturated machine was moved to the Dynamics 2 tab and the

input of the saturation characteristics is activated/deactivated (#1) with it.


Release Information

October 2019 31/43

Improved Linking of the Operating Point Models

The linking of the models for the network elements has been generally revised and standardized.

The operating point models are now provided directly in the Basic Data and can also be used if

dynamic data is not activated in the network.

The models are now linked with all network elements in the Operating State section. The following

illustration shows the input of the DC infeeder as an example.

The Load Flow Type primarily defines how the network element operates. If an operation with a

model is selected, the fields are enabled for the input of the model.

The Model Type defines how the model has to be structured. The following options are available

here:

• BOSL model:

The indicated model needs a BOSL model. PSS SINCAL load flow also takes this BOSL model

into consideration.

• Dyn. model:

The attached model must have a controller that influences the present network element.

• Dyn. network model:

The attached model must have subnetworks attached to the original node of the network

element. The present network element is not transferred to the interface for dynamic

calculations, since subnetworks are already included in the model. The model can even have

controllers, but this is not necessary.

The actual model is then assigned with its parameters in the Model selection field.


Release Information

October 2019 32/43

Display of the Master Resources in the Screen Forms

The assigned master resources are displayed in the Additional Data tab in the screen forms of the

nodes and the network elements. This simplifies access to this information even more, which is

particularly useful, especially with networks that were imported from CGMES format or those that are

linked with other systems.

New Dialog Box for Calculation Settings

The dialog box has been redesigned and provided with a navigation browser. Now the options for

• the calculation settings,

• the extended settings,

• the reliability calculation,

• and the optimal network structure

are provided together in one dialog box. This eliminates the tedious moving between dialog boxes if

extensive changes to the parameters have to be made. The integrated browser ensures that an

overview is maintained.

External Data for Network Elements

With this new functionality, users can store technical documents such as protective manuals, setting

value documents, etc., directly on the network element in the network diagram and, if required, also

easily access these documents.

To make this possible, the same approach was used as for the already available Master Resources.

There is the new "DataExt" table in the network database, where the identification of the network

element and the assignment of the external data are stored.

Via the External Data pop-up menu of the network element the dialog box for administration of the


Release Information

October 2019 33/43

external data can be opened.

Any number of external data can be assigned to the network element in the dialog box. For

structuring, a name and a category can be defined here. The name of the document to be assigned

to the network element is then defined in the File name field. Only the reference to the document is

saved.

Enhanced CYMDIST Import

The import wizard for CYMDIST has been enhanced. A new option has now been provided that

controls how the infeeders are imported (#1).

The options for the graphic data import (#2) have also been enhanced in order to enable the import

of the CYMDIST graphics in the correct position. The following options for importing the graphic data

are now provided:

• Unit from import file:

The base unit for the import is defined in the CYMDIST network file.

• SI:

The base unit for the import of the graphic data is stated in Meter.

• Imperial:


Release Information

October 2019 34/43

The base unit for the import of the graphic data is specified in Feet.

• Custom scale:

A user-defined factor can be entered here in order to convert the graphic data of the import file to

Meters.


Release Information

October 2019 35/43

PSS®NETOMAC

User Interface

Improvements in the Model Editor

The display of the tooltips in the model editor has been enhanced. A new option has been provided

by which the resolution of constant parameters in the tooltips can be activated. The following

illustration shows two variants of the tooltips.

Aufgelöste Parameter:

Parameter lt Eingabe:

The display can be configured in the Options dialog box under Editors and Views.

Enhanced Plot Definition

Simplified Output of Machine Variables

The plot output for machines has been given a more flexible design. Machine variables in the

network can now be output on a single line in the PLO file. The following definition in the PLO file is

used for this:

$ Machines $1......12......23......3AA1....12....23....34....45....56....67...78...89. mUFD ! All machines mP> 380 RWE ! Max for P with category 380 and RWE mQ* 380 FRANCE ! Mean for Q with category 380 and FRANCE

• Type "m": Machine variable

• Name1: Function names and function number as described under "Machine output variables" in

the manual.

• Name2: Filter for category 1


The suffix in Name1 can activate the output of maximum ">", minimum "<" and mean value "*". If

Name2 and Name3 are empty, all machines are used in the network. Otherwise only the machines

belonging to the stated categories are considered.

Simplified Output of Network Variables

The plot output of network variables has also been enhanced. This enables either the voltage value,

the voltage angle or the frequency of all nodes to be output with a single line in the PLO file. The

following definition in the PLO file is used for this:

$ Network $1......12......23......3AA1....12....23....34....45....56....67...78...89.


Release Information

October 2019 36/43

nB ! All nodes nW< 380 RWE ! Min of angle with category 380 and RWE nO* 380 FRANCE ! Mean of frequency with category 380 and FRANCE

• Type "n": Network variable

• Name1: Function name for network variable to be displayed.

• B = Voltage value, W = Voltage angle, O = Frequency.



• AA: System identifier "0", "1", "2" or phase entry "R", "S", "T"

The suffix in Name1 can activate the output of maximum ">", minimum "<" and mean value "*". If

Name2 and Name3 are empty, all nodes are used in the network. Otherwise only the nodes

belonging to the stated categories are considered.

The following illustration shows the trace of frequency deviations at all nodes in the "NewEngland"

example network after the occurrence of a malfunction. The mean value, the maximum value and the

minimum value are output here.

Enhanced Plot Definition Dialog Box

The plot definition dialog box has been enhanced. The simplified output of machine variables and

network variables is also possible with the dialog box.

The "Data in network" (#1) function has been provided for the output of network variables.


Release Information

October 2019 37/43

The use of aggregate functions (#2) is also possible, i.e. it is possible to output the minimum,

maximum and mean value of the selected variable.

To output machine data simply nothing is entered in the Machine selection field (#1). The output of

all machines is performed automatically. These can be reduced if required via the Category selection

field (#2).

Enhanced Functions for Diagrams

Time as Y Axis in Diagrams

In diagrams the time can now also be selected as a Y axis in the Edit Signal dialog box.


Release Information

October 2019 38/43

Improved Diagrams for Frequency Response

The diagrams for the frequency response have been enhanced. The wizard now provides a function

that enables the output of extended information on the data displayed in the diagram. For this the

Show Info option is simply activated in the Frequency Response diagram wizard. This causes the

display of additional information on the data shown in the title area of the diagram.

Improved Diagrams for Optimization Calculations

The diagrams that are generated for optimization calculations have been improved. In these

diagrams, the same signal is shown repeatedly with different optimization runs. An individual signal is

now output for each optimization run.

Calculation Methods

Enhancements for Eigenvalue Analysis

In order to simplify the evaluation of residues in the user interface if "All" is selected over "All" for the

objects, the Tabular View now provides a new evaluation in which only the main diagonals of the

results are visualized.


Release Information

October 2019 39/43

The following example shows the selection of the residues of all synchronous machines in the

calculation dialog box of the eigenvalue analysis:

The results are provided by clicking the Residues button in the Tabular View. The query "Eigenvalue

analysis – Residues (main diagonals)" is automatically generated, which only visualizes the data in

reduced form.

Enhancements for BOSL Models

Several Outputs for Models

The BOSL models have been extensively enhanced in order to fulfill modified requirements in model

design. The new MIMO model type with multiple inputs and multiple outputs has now been provided.

This is essentially a model container in which different model types can be combined.

The "MIMO" instruction of the [Link] section indicates the new model type which can then contain the

different model types. The types of the model come afterwards. For each of these types the output

variables are output in the model with a separate OUTPUT line.

The following example shows the structure for a combined voltage and speed controller in a MAC

file:

$******************************************************************************* $ Mixed Controller – MIMO sample $******************************************************************************* [Version] ModelName: Controller MIMO sample ModelDescription: ModelVersion: ModelAuthor:


Release Information

October 2019 40/43

ModelCompatibility: 0 [Link] $1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ MIMO #NAME N SPG $Efd #NAME N#OF1 DREHZ Y1 #NAME N#OF2 [PSS_VARs] ...

The optional disconnection of individual model types is also possible. This is controlled via the entry

in the Name1 field in the section [Link]. The above combined controller model is then called in exactly

the same way as with the previous models:

$1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ [[network]] SNET NET 1. RNET GEN1 SW1 .001 .001 400. TGEN1 OS 400. 400. 100 .1 1. TGEN2 3. 3. GGEN2 GEN1 1. 10 [[end network]] $1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ [[models]] @ #NAME='GEN1' @ #OF1 = 0 @ #OF2 = 0 @ #KNOT='NET' #ESAC8B.xmac [[end models]]

The asymmetrical simulation is also possible with this approach. The following example shows the

simulation of an asymmetrical source with a supply source in lines R, S, T:

$******************************************************************************* $ Source – MIMO sample $******************************************************************************* [Version] ModelName: Source MIMO sample ModelDescription: ModelVersion: ModelAuthor: ModelCompatibility: 0 [Link] $1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ MIMO #NAME N QUELLE I_R #I_R N#OFF1 #Node1 R QUELLE I_S #I_S N#OFF2 #Node1 S QUELLE I_T #I_T N#OFF3 #Node1 T [PSS_VARs] ...

MIMO models can also be created with the model editor. This only connects the corresponding

outputs in the model, everything else happens automatically in the model editor.

The following illustration shows a very simplified XMAC model with three GNE-I types with which

different currents can be fed in different lines. In the example, the values of the input variables Y1 are

simply output rotated by 120°.


Release Information

October 2019 41/43

Phase Definitions for INPUT Blocks

The possibility is provided for BOSL models to define also the phase for remote inputs. This enables

currents and voltages, e.g. with asymmetrical faults, to also be tapped individually from the phases

and processed accordingly in the model.

The new topology variable ".P" for remote inputs has been provided for this. This functions in the

same way as ".N" and ".B", except for the fact that the phase definitions of the INPUT block from the

columns "AA" can be entered.

If the variable is not provided for the inputs, everything functions as before. In other words, the phase

"R" is always accessed by default. This must be activated explicitly in the model editor with the block

definition so that the new ".P" variable is generated for the INPUT. For this the Individual Phase

Definition option is provided for the "NET_RE" block in the Data tab.


Release Information

October 2019 42/43

Enhanced MEMREAD/MEMWRITE Block

The blocks were enhanced so that they can be accessed globally. In other words, data can be

exchanged between different controllers. For this the array name is defined with "%" as the first

character. Access is then possible from anywhere. In the following example, a global memory, which

is read in the "Test2" controller, is filled in the "Test1" controller.

$1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ EVALUATE Test1 N A = 1 B = 2 + (TIME.GE.1) * 1 A MEMWRITE1 %XA 1 B MEMWRITE1 %XB 1 A2 MEMREAD 1 %XA 1 B2 MEMREAD 1 %XB 1 END $1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ EVALUATE Test2 N A MEMREAD 1 %XA 1 B MEMREAD 1 %XB 1 END

Enhanced FUNCTION Block

The block has been enhanced so that different signals can also be read in from a CSV data file. In

other words, the CSV file can contain several columns and the FUNCTION block contains the

definition which column is used for the X values and Y values. This is defined by an additional line in

the fields HZ1 for the X values and HZ2 for the Y values.

In the following example from the CSV file "SWTVS3M6_cp.csv", column1 is used for the X values

and column3 for the Y values:

$1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ AUSWERT Test N I1 INPUT 21 1 I2 INPUT 21 1 $1.......2.......3.......AA1.....2.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7....8....9....ZZ cp_F I1 FUNCTION ;SWTVS3M6_cp.csv & 1 3 ENDE


Release Information

October 2019 43/43

The enhanced selection of the columns for X values and Y values is also provided in the model editor

for FUNCTION block.

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