religion in america apush exam review!. early colonial (1600-1700) massachusetts bay massachusetts...
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RELIGION IN AMERICAAPUSH Exam Review!
EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)
• Massachusetts Bay
• Puritans/Congregationalists
• John Winthrop—”City Upon A Hill” sermon/philosophy
• Covenant with God
• Communal living (town structured on common land)
• Strong work ethic—”Protestant” or “Puritan” work ethic
• Halfway Covenant (1662)
• Changed the rules of Baptism to gain and promote interest in church
• Salem Witch Trials (1692)
EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)
• Massachusetts Bay Cont’d.
• Roger Williams in Rhode Island (1636)
• Wall of separation
• Free exercise of religion
• Anne Hutchinson
• Belief in faith and grace
EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)
• Quakers in Pennsylvania
• William Penn
• Religions freedom and civil liberties
• Fair and equal treatment of Natives
• Catholics in Maryland
• Lord Baltimore
• Act of Toleration (1649)
EARLY COLONIAL (1600-1700)
• Anglican Church/Church of England
• Established in royal and proprietary colonies
• Eventually, Protestantism dominated colonies by 1700s
• By 1700, women constituted majority of church membership.
FIRST GREAT AWAKENING, 1730S-1740S
• More on spirit and emotion rather than doctrine and procedure
• Response to Enlightenment of reason & science
• Deism-supreme being set natural world
• George Whitefield-Methodist
• Evangelical preaching--emotion and spirit
• Jonathan Edwards—Congregationalist
• “Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God”
FIRST GREAT AWAKENING, 1730S-1740S
• Development and Growth of Protestant Denominations
• Baptists
• Convert whites and blacks/slaves in South
• Methodists
• Convert whites and blacks/slaves in South
• Presbyterians
• Convert frontier lands
• Loss of Membership• Congregationalists/Puritans
• Quakers
• Anglicans
REVOLUTIONARY ERA
• Independence became a righteous cause
• Splintered Anglican Church in America –Loyalist vs. Patriots
• Episcopalians—Anglican Church in US
CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD
• Constitution established secular government
• Establishment Clause
• Free Exercise clause
• No religious tests
SECOND GREAT AWAKENING 1790-1840S
• Developed to revive religious dedication, convert non-Christians, and reform society and culture on moral grounds
• Spearheaded by Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians through evangelicalism
• Revivals (camp meetings) led to established churches in South, West , frontier
• “burned over district” in Western New York
• Benevolent/Temperance Societies
• Alcohol, drugs, prostitution, gambling are BAD
• American Temperance Society (1826)
SECOND GREAT AWAKENING 1790-1840S
• Reform Societies
• Dorthea Dix
• Auburn System
• Schools for deaf/blind
• Education Reform
• Abolitionism
• Effects mostly seen in North
SECOND GREAT AWAKENING 1790-1840S
• Mormons/Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (1830
• Millennialism
• Southern Baptists
• Growth of black churches
• Churches of Christ
• Irish Immigration
• Whig Party
UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES
• Shakers
• Oneida
• New Harmony
• Brook Farm
THIRD GREAT AWAKENING
• Social and moral activism in response to Gilded Age
• Social Gospel
• Temperance Movement
• Social Darwinism
• Immigration
FUNDAMENTALISM AND MODERNISM 1900-1920S
• Fundamentalism
• Modernism
• 18th Amendment/Volstead
• Scopes Trial
• Rebellion to conservatism
• Religious conservatives
CONSERVATISM IN 1950S AND LIBERALISM IN 1960S
• McCarthyism & Second Red Scare
• Increased education in 1950s
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference
• Engel v Vitale
• Counterculture
RELIGIOUS RIGHT (1970S-PRESENT)
• Lemon v Kurtzman-Lemon Test
• Roe v Wade
• Conservative Resurgence