remote sensing and gis project

8/16/2019 Remote Sensing and GIS Project

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GIS AND RST Project

Introduction and Literaturereview

Aim of the project: To carry out various operations on the Toposheetmosaic ima e and insert various information so that the !na" project is we""e#uipped with a"" the necessary data "i$e e"evation% contours% GIS Layerin %etc&

(jectives of the project:

)& Georeferencin the mosaic ima e so that its eo raphic co*ordinatesand +T, data are o(tained (y ,anua""y Addin the Lat-Lon .a"ues&

/& Insertin e"evation data% to the Toposheet ,osaic% from SRT, ima ewhich is down"oaded from the we(site "cf&umd&edu-data&0moreinformation a(out SRT, inc"uded further in project report1

2& Inc"udin the LANDSAT ima e of the area so that the actua" ima ery ofthe area can (e o(served and the features can (e compared with thoseon the toposheet& The LANDSAT ima e is o(tained after mer in theima es of various sensors on (oard of LANDSAT sate""ite& 0,oreinformation a(out LANDSAT inc"uded further in project report1&

3& Pansharpenin the LANDSAT ima ery so that an ima e with (etterspatia" reso"ution is o(tained and features can (e studied in reaterdetai"&

4& 5"ippin the area of SRT, and Pansharped LANDSAT ima ery since thedown"oaded ima es cover part of or more than the mosaic ima e&

6& Inc"udin the 5ontour 7"evation "ayer so that e"evation data can (einterpreted accurate"y& Generation of GIS Layers which indicates forwhich part of toposheet e"evation data and LANDSAT ima ery data isinc"uded&

8e have (een provided with 9 toposheets which are in &jpe format& A"" thetoposheets are of nei h(ourin areas and can (e joined to ether to form anma e which covers the entire area 0,osaic Ima e1& The mosaic ima e is a"so

provided which is in &pi format&

A toposheet is a shortened name for ;Topo raphic sheet;& Theyessentia""y contain information a(out an area "i$e roads% rai"ways%

sett"ements% cana"s% rivers% e"ectric po"es% post o


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GIS AND RST Projectsca"es 0e& & ):/4>>>% ): 4>>>> etc% where the former is a "ar er sca"e ascompared to the "atter1&

The num(ers of 9 toposheets are: 732?2% 732N))% 732N9% 732N4%732N) %732?)/% 732?@% 732? % 732?3& The mosaic ima e covers area ofaharashtra from "atitude ) d34B>>CN to )@d2>B>>CN and "on itude

2d>B>>C7 to )@d2>B>>CN& This area covers a(out 4 of Rai addistrict0centra" and southern part is covered1 and northern part of Ratna iridistrict and eastern parts of Satara and Pune districts& The part of Ara(ianSea a"on the shore"ine of Rai ad and Ratna iri districts is a"so inc"uded& Thesca"e of a"" 9 the toposheets provided is ):4>>>>& The area covered (y themosaic ima e is appro imate"y as shown (e"ow on a "ar er sca"e

A"" the GIS operations of the project are carried out usin the softwareGeomatica due to which functions such as eoreferencin %c"ippin -su(settin % GIS "ayer eneration% pansharpenin % contour Layer

eneration% mer in % of ima eries are carried out e


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GIS AND RST Project

Review of LiteratureThe simi"ar research and project wor$ carried out in the "ast 4 years is

studied so that we et a (asic idea a(out how the aim can (e achieved%which methods are emp"oyed% chan es in methodo"o y over the years andthe resu"t o(tained&

The research papers studied are:

)&Tit"e: Desi nin and deve"opment of we( (ased ,anda"information system usin Geomatics: a case study fromPra$asam District

Researcher:

Rajani% Ganta

Eear : />)>

+niversity: Fawahar"a" Nehru Techno"o ica" +niversity% ?ydera(ad&

8e(site: http:--ietd&in i(net&ac&in-hand"e-)>6>2-/326

/& Tit"e: D7LIN7ATI'N 'H GR'+ND8AT7R P'T7NTIAL 'N7S AR'+ND PARAST?7R,AL P'87R PLANT +SING R7,'T7 S7NSING AND GIS T75?NIJ+7S&

Researcher: K?ADRI S&H&R% T?AKAR7 S&,

Eear: />)2

+niversity: Sant Gad e a(a +niversity% Amravati

8e(site: http:--www&ijpret&com-pu("ishedartic"e-/>)2-9-IFPR7T />93&pdf

2& Tit"e: LAND 5APA ILITE 5LASSIHI5ATI'N AND 5R'P S+ITA ILITEASS7SS,7NT IN A 8AT7RS?7D +SING RS AND

GIS M A 5AS7 ST+DE 'H 8AT7RS?7D IN D7?RAD+N% +TTARAK?AND

2

http://ietd.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2436http://ietd.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/2436


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GIS AND RST ProjectResearcher: Sona"i handari % Santosh T& Fhadav % Suresh Kumar

Eear: />)2

5onference: )3 th 7sri India +ser 5onference />)2

8e(site: http:--esriindia&com- -media-esri*ndia-!"es-pdfs-events-uc/>)2-proceedin s-papers-+5P>2/&pdf

3& Tit"e: Investi ations on 5han e Detection in 5handpur 0,&S&1 8atershedarea (y usin RS and GIS

Eear: />)3

Researcher: ,&L&8ai$ar and Ajay 5havade$ar

8e(site: http:--ijmcr&com-wp*content-up"oads-/>)3->)-Paper/>))@*)/4&pdf

Institute: Internationa" Fourna" of ,u"tidiscip"inary and 5urrent Research

3

http://esriindia.com/~/media/esri-india/files/pdfs/events/uc2013/proceedings/papers/UCP032.pdfhttp://esriindia.com/~/media/esri-india/files/pdfs/events/uc2013/proceedings/papers/UCP032.pdfhttp://ijmcr.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Paper20118-125.pdfhttp://esriindia.com/~/media/esri-india/files/pdfs/events/uc2013/proceedings/papers/UCP032.pdfhttp://esriindia.com/~/media/esri-india/files/pdfs/events/uc2013/proceedings/papers/UCP032.pdfhttp://ijmcr.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Paper20118-125.pdf


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GIS AND RST Project

Satellite Information:

SRTM

The Shutt"e Radar Topo raphy ,ission 0SRT,1 o(tained e"evation data on a near* "o(a"sca"e to enerate the most comp"ete hi h*reso"ution di ita" topo raphic data(ase of 7arth&

t is an internationa" research e=ort that o(tained di ita" e"evation mode"s on a near* "o(a"sca"e from 46O S to 6>O N% /Q to enerate the most comp"ete hi h*reso"ution di ita"opo raphic data(ase of 7arth prior to the re"ease of the AST7R GD7, in />>9 SRT,

consisted of a specia""y modi!ed radar system that ew on(oard the Space Shutt"e7ndeavour durin an ))*day mission in He(ruary of />>>& SRT, is an internationa" projectspearheaded (y the Nationa" Geospatia"*Inte""i ence A ency 0NGA1% NASA% the Ita"ianSpace A ency 0ASI1 and the German Aerospace 5enter 0DLR1& There are three reso"utionoutputs avai"a("e% inc"udin ) $i"ometer and 9> meter reso"utions for the wor"d and a 2>meter reso"ution for the +S& To ac#uire topo raphic 0e"evation1 data% the SRT, pay"oadwas out!tted with two radar antennas& 'ne antenna was "ocated in the Shutt"e;s pay"oaday% the other M a critica" chan e from the SIR*5- *SAR% a""owin sin "e*passnterferometry M on the end of a 6>*meter 0/>>*foot1 mast that e tended from the pay"oaday once the Shutt"e was in space& The techni#ue emp"oyed is $nown as Interferometric

Synthetic Aperture Radar&

Sensor Information 'f SRT,:

Sensor and Product Characteristics

4


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GIS AND RST ProjectSatellite Sensor CaptureResolution

PixelResolution

Space Shutt"e

7ndeavor5*(and and *(and

) arc second 2> meter

2 arc second 9> meter

2> arc second ) $i"ometer

Scene Type Scene Size Pro ection

de ree ) de ree "atitude )de ree "on itude eo raphic

8RS*/ )@4 $i"ometer )@4

$i"ometer+T,

mosaic G"o(a" eo raphic

L!"#S!T

The LANDSAT pro ram consists of a series of optical$infrared remotesensin% sate""ites for "and o(servation& The pro ram was !rst started (y The Nationa"

Aeronautics and Space Administration 0NASA1 in )9 /% then turned over to the Nationa"ceanic and Atmospheric Administration 0N'AA1 after it (ecame operationa"& Since )9@3%sate""ite operation and data hand"in were mana ed (y a commercia" company 7'SAT&?owever% a"" data o"der than / years return to pu("ic domain and are distri(uted (y the

6

SRT,

http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htmhttp://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htmhttp://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htmhttp://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/optical.htm


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GIS AND RST Project7arth Resource '(servation System 07R'S1 Data 5enter of the +S Geo"o ica" Servey0+SGS1&The !rst sate""ite in the series% LANDSAT*) 0initia""y named as the 7arth ResourceTechno"o y Sate""ite 7RTS*)1 was "aunched on /2 Fu"y )9 /& The sate""ite had a desi ned"ife e pectancy of ) year (ut it ceased operation on"y on Fanuary )9 @& LANDSAT*/ was"aunched on // Fanuary )9 4 and three additiona" LANDSAT sate""ites were "aunched in9 @% )9@/% and )9@3 0LANDSAT*2% 3% and 4 respective"y1& LANDSAT*6 was "aunched oncto(er )992 (ut the sate""ite fai"ed to o(tain or(it& A new sate""ite LANDSAT* was"aunched in )4 Apri" )999& 5urrent"y% on"y LANDSAT*4 and are operationa"&

LANDSAT 'r(it

Type Sun*Synchronous

!ltitude >4 $m

Inclination 9@&/ de

Period 99 min

Repeat Cycle )6 days

Landsat Sensors:

• MSS 0,u"ti*Spectra" Scanner1% on LANDSAT*) to 4& ein one of the o"der eneration

sensors% routine data ac#uisition for ,SS was terminated in "ate )99/& The reso"utionof the ,SS sensor was appro imate"y @> m with radiometric covera e in fourspectra" (ands from the visi("e reen to the near*infrared 0IR1 wave"en ths& 'n"y the,SS sensor on Landsat 2 had a !fth (and in the therma"*IR&

LANDSAT 3%4 ,SS Sensor 5haracteristics

&and 'avelen%th ()m* Resolution (m*

+reen , >&4 * >&6 @/

Red - >&6 * >& @/

"ear IR . >& * >&@ @/

"ear IR / >&@ * )&) @/

• TM 0Thematic ,apper1% !rst operationa" on LANDSAT*3& T, sensors primari"y detectre ected radiation from the 7arth surface in the visi("e and near*infrared 0IR1

wave"en ths% (ut the T, sensor provides more radiometric information than the ,SSsensor& The wave"en th ran e for the T, sensor is from the visi("e 0("ue1% throu hthe mid*IR% into the therma"*IR portion of the e"ectroma netic spectrum& Si teendetectors for the visi("e and mid*IR wave"en th (ands in the T, sensor provide )6scan "ines on each active scan& Hour detectors for the therma"*IR (and provide four


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GIS AND RST Projectscan "ines on each active scan& The T, sensor has a spatia" reso"ution of 2> m forthe visi("e% near*IR% and mid*IR wave"en ths and a spatia" reso"ution of )/> m for thetherma"*IR (and&

• 0TM1 07nhanced Thematic ,apper P"us1% is carried on (oard Landsat & The 7T,instrument is an ei ht*(and mu"tispectra" scannin radiometer capa("e of providinhi h*reso"ution ima e information of the 7arths surface& Its spectra" (ands are

simi"ar to thoss of T,% e cept that the therma" (and 0(and 61 has an improvedreso"ution of 6> m 0versus )/> m in T,1& There is a"so an additiona" panchromatic(and at )4 m reso"ution&

Landsat Sensor Information:

&and Channel'avelen%th ()m*

Resolution (m*

!pplication

&lue , >&34 *>&4/ 2>

soi"-ve etation discriminationU(athymetry-coasta" mappin Ucu"tura"-ur(an featureidenti!cation

+reen - >&4/ *>&6> 2>

reen ve etation mappin0measures re ectance pea$1Ucu"tura"-ur(an featureidenti!cation

Red . >&62 *>&69 2>

ve etated vs& non*ve etatedand p"ant speciesdiscrimination 0p"antch"orophy"" a(sorption1Ucu"tura"-ur(an featureidenti!cation

"ear IR / >& 6 *>&9> 2>

identi!cation ofp"ant-ve etation types% hea"th%and (iomass contentU water(ody de"ineationU soi" moisture

S'IR 2 )&44 *)& 4 2>sensitive to moisture in soi"and ve etationU discriminatinsnow and c"oud*covered areas

@


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GIS AND RST Project

ThermalIR 3

)>&3> *)/&4>

)/> 0T,16>07T, 1

ve etation stress and soi"moisture discriminationre"ated to therma" radiationUtherma" mappin 0ur(an%water1

S'IR 4 /&>@ */&24 2>discrimination of minera" androc$ typesU sensitive to

ve etation moisture contentPanchromatic >&4 * >&9 )4

M0T56#6L6#7 The methodo"o y of the project is the step wise detai"ed description of the pathways wehave used to achieve our aim and comp"ete our Project& ?ere we have en"isted the errors%shortcomin s% notes% "imitations of the software and other factors that we haveencountered whi"e comp"etin our aim&

?ere are the steps:

I"ITI!L 6P0R!TI6"S:

)& 8e imported Toposheet ,osaic from P5IDSK !"e format to TIHH format and 9toposheets in P5IDSK !"e format& A"" imports are done throu h Geomatica HocusBsVImportB or VTrans"ateB option&

/& P5IDSK !"e format 0P5I Geomatics Data(ase Hi"e1 is the native !"e format of thesoftware we used for Georeferencin &

2& The Toposheets were arran ed and iven a num(er in the format iven in the ta("e(e"ow in accordance to the Toposheet ,osaic to avoid confusion&

9

Landsat


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GIS AND RST Project) / 23 4 6

@ 93& +sin )% 2% and 9 of the a(ove Vnum(eredB toposheets and then Woomin in we

too$ the Geo raphic coordinates and noted it&i& Toposheet Num(er )

Lon itude M 2d>B>>C7Latitude M )@d2>B>>CN

ii& Toposheet Num(er 2Lon itude M 2d34B>>C7Latitude M )@d2>B>>CN

iii& Toposheet Num(er Lon itude M 2d>B>>C7Latitude M ) d34B>>CN

iv& Toposheet Num(er 9Lon itude M 2d34B>>C7Latitude M ) d34B>>CN

+06R080R0"CI"+ 6P0R!TI6"S * In order to eoreference the Toposheet ,osaicma e&

)& 'pen Geomatica 'rtho7n ine& In 'rtho7n ine% create a new project% name and saveit&

/& The software as$s for the Projection of the Ground 5ontro" Points0G5Ps1 and of the'utput !"e&

2& In VSet ProjectionB dia"o ue (o % we p"u ed the +T, 5oordinate va"ues in 'utput

Projection&3& The +T, coordinates were

+T, D>>> one 32 Row J4& The 'utput Pi e" Spacin was set to 4m& Accordin to the output that we wi"" receive

at the end of the project% we can a"ter 'utput Pi e" Spacin &6& The G5Ps are co""ected in Lon -Lat format and we proceed&

)>


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GIS AND RST Project

&In Processin Step drop down menu of the software we o to G5P 5o""ection andthen we proceed to / nd option which is 5o""ect G5Ps ,anua""y

@&V,anua" 7ntryB is used to co""ect G5Ps% were we ta$e the four corners of the ,osaic Toposheet and then add the Lon itude and Latitude va"ues accordin "y&

9& Addin Latitude and Lon itude Information to the a"" four corners of the ,osaic Toposheet we et 3 G5Ps as fo""ows:

))


12/25

GIS AND RST Project)>& N'T7* P5IDSK !"e format 0P5I Geomatics Data(ase Hi"e1 was not wor$in as

desired and Georeferencin was not possi("e& Therefore the ,osaic was convertedfrom in P5IDSK !"e format to TIHH Hi"e Hormat usin Geomatica * Hocus

))& Note the R,S va"ues and E R,S .a"ues0in accepta("e ran e1 and GenerateResidua" Report% Save and Print it&

/& In Processin Step Drop Down ,enu% o to Geometric 5orrection and then se"ectSchedu"e Geometric 5orrection& Transfer the ,osaic Ima e from Avai"a("e Ima es toIma es To Process and Save in TIHH format and c"ic$ V5orrect Ima esB with DesiredName

)/


13/25

GIS AND RST Project

)2& 8e have Successfu""y Georeferenced the Toposheet ,osaic Ima e and theProjection Information is iven (e"ow

0L09!TI6" #!T! 6P0R!TI6"S:

)& Now we have to add the e"evation data to the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet ,osaic Ima e& 7"evation data is avai"a("e in SRT, and AST7R Sate""ite

)2


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15/25

GIS AND RST Project

4& N'T7 * 'pen the 5"ipped SRT, Ima e and the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet ,osaic Ima e& The pro("em we faced here is SRT, ima e covers 94 ofthe toposheet& In 5ase e"evation data has to (e added for that area then it must (e

down"oaded% c"ipped% and added accordin "y& 8e proceeded without addine"evation data&6& 'pen the 5"ipped SRT, ima e and toposheets one a(ove the other and c"ic$ on

SRT, Ima e in Hi"es Ta(& The G va"ue at the (ase is the e"evation va"ue in meters&

)4


16/25

GIS AND RST ProjectI"S0RTI"+ L!"#S!T IM!+0R7:

)& The LANDSAT ima e "ayers0Landsat 7T, of Spatia" reso"ution 02>mX2>m1 of thearea are down"oaded from the www& "cf&umd&edu-data

/& The down"oaded ima es are e tracted and they are in TIHH format&2& The ima es are of individua" (ands and so they need to (e mer ed&3& ,er in option is avai"a("e in Geomatica Hocus& The method is as fo""ows

• 'pen Geomatica Hocus• The !"es we down"oaded are named as L ))3 >3@Y>3@/>>9)>/3Y )>ZZ

/>Z&2>Z&3>&&4>Z& > 06>-6)-6/ are therma" ima ery and @> isPAN5?R',ATI5 ima e1

• 8e have convert at "east one !"e in P5IDSK !"e format&• L ))3 >3@Y>3@/>>9)>/3Y )> was converted to P5IDSK !"e format (y Hi"e M

+ti"ity M Import To &pi• Hi"e M +ti"ity M Transfer Layers M Se"ect L ))3 >3@Y>3@/>>9)>/3Y />ZZZ

2>ZZZZ3>ZZZ4>ZZand Z& > as source "ayers&•

Se"ect Destination as )>&pi• Add and transfer "ayers one (y one&• And output is )>

)6

http://www.glcf.umd.edu/datahttp://www.glcf.umd.edu/data


17/25

GIS AND RST Project

4& LANDSAT down"oaded ima e is much "ar er and covers much more area than thetoposheets mosaic&

6& Therefore% in Hocus we do 5"ippin & In 5"ippin % the common area of Toposheet,osaic and LANDSAT is c"ipped out& To c"ip out the same area as the Toposheet%Hocus Software is e#uipped with an option& The method is as fo""ows:

• Go to Too"s% se"ect 5"ippin - Su(settin & Go to input and add the "ayers of theLANDSAT ima e& Go to VDe!ne 5"ip Re ion&B In VDe!nition ,ethodB drop downmenu choose VSe"ect a Hi"eB and rowse the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected

Toposheet ,osaic Ima e& Give the output name and destination& And thenc"ic$ on V5"ip&B

&N'T7* 'pen the 5"ipped LANDSAT Ima e and the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet ,osaic Ima e& The pro("em we faced here is LANDSAT ima e covers 6>of the toposheet& In 5ase LANDSAT ,SS data has to (e added for that area then it

must (e down"oaded% c"ipped% and added accordin "y& 8e proceeded without addinLANDSAT DATA&

)


18/25

GIS AND RST Project

P!"S5!RP0"I"+ 6P0R!TI6"S:

)& PANS?ARP7NING is done (yta$in an ,u"ti(and or ,u"tispectra" Ima e of LowSpatia" Reso"ution and PAN5?R',ATI5 Ima e of ?i h Spatia" Reso"ution of samearea&

/& 'pen L ))3 >3@Y>3@/>>9)>/3Y @> and )>&pi in Geomatica Hocus2& Too"s M A" orithm Li(rary M Se"ect PANS?ARP : Automatic Ima e Husion3& Input Port choices as the ima es (e"ow:

)@


19/25

GIS AND RST Project

4& Se"ect 'utput Ports * Name% and ive destination accordin "y to the !na" output&6& Input Params ) are not adjusted at a"" and c"ic$ VRunB

&After the process is comp"ete then the 'utput !"e is opened in Hocus and we seethat the 'utput Spatia" Reso"ution is )4mX)4m% which is (etter than the ori ina"2>mX2>m&

@&5"ip it accordin to the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet ,osaic Ima e

)9


20/25

GIS AND RST Project

+0"0R!TI"+ C6"T6 RS:

)& 5ontours are "ines joinin points of same e"evation&/& 'pen

• 5"ipped SRT, Ima e• Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet ,osaic Ima e• 5"ipped Landsat Ima e0for convenience1

/>


21/25

GIS AND RST Projectin Geomatica Hocus&

2& Go to Too"s M A" orithm Li(rary M Se"ect 5'NT'+R : 5ontour Generation from RasterIma e a" orithm&

3& Input the SRT, ima e "ayer in Input : 7"evation Layer and chan e the output !"ename and destination as desired&

4& Go to Input Params ) and chan e 5ontour Interva" to )>>&> and c"ic$ Run

/)


22/25

GIS AND RST Project

6& 8hen the process is comp"ete% open a"" 2 ima es and the contours "ayer and then (yputtin the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet ,osaic Ima e map overothers% we et the contours "ayer over the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet

,osaic Ima e&

//


23/25

GIS AND RST Project+0"0R!TI"+ +IS L!70RS:

)& 'pen M• 5"ipped SRT, Ima e• Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet ,osaic Ima e• 5"ipped Landsat Ima e0for convenience1

/& ,aps Ta( M 0Ri ht 5"ic$1 on New Area M New .ector Layer M Se"ect Topo"o ica"Po"y on in Layer Type0Topo"o ica" Po"y on is more e i("e than other options (utothers can (e used1 and se"ect V+se Area Georeferencin B in Georeferencin c"ic$ o$&

2& +se New Shapes in Too"(ar and trace out the out"ine of the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet Ima e and save that .ector Layer as separate P5IDSK !"e&Repeat the procedure for 5"ipped SRT, Ima e and 5"ipped Landsat Ima e

3& 8e did GIS Layerin for aidin in the systematic study and reco niWin which partsof SRT, and LANDSAT Ima ery covers the Georeferenced*'rthocorrected Toposheet&

/2


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GIS AND RST Project

/3


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GIS AND RST Project

SRT,

Landsat Ima e

Toposheetoundary

remote sensing and gis project

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