gothic

Naissance means birth , hence Renaissance means rebirth

Perspective as a toolDepiction of perception through physical elements

Depiction of real emotionsUse of detailing to create emotions rather than direct depiction of emotion through imagery

• The Renaissance begins in Italy andspreads north to the rest of Europe.• Italy was the center of trade betweennorthern Europe and Africa.• It was the center of Greco-Romanculture.• It was the center of the CatholicChurch.• The Renaissance runs between 1300and 1650.

Characteristics of the Renaissance

• Humanism

• Individualism

• Questioning Attitude

• Interest in Secular, or non-religious worldly matters.

• Rise of the middle class (Disposable income) • Great achievements in the arts.

The beginningThe term Renaissance means “rebirth” in Latin.

It was the rebirth of art and learning.

It was influenced by very powerful familiessuch as the Medici family.

The Medici’s were bankers out ofFlorence.

The families gave support to variousartists.

•Throughout this period Italy remains the cultural center of renaissance

•Renaissance art is more lifelike than in the art of the Middle Ages.

•Renaissance artists studied perspective, or the differences in the way things look when they are close to something or far away.

The brief High Renaissance (c. 1500–1520) centered around Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael in Florence and Rome, was a culmination of the Italian achievements, while artists like Albrecht Durer brought a similar level of intellectual and artistic innovation to northern Europe.

Late Renaissance painting, from about 1520 until the end of the 16th century, is marked by various Mannerist tendencies that spread from Italy through the rest of France.

Themes and symbolism

Renaissance artists painted a wide variety of themes.

Religious altarpieces, fresco cycles, and small works for private devotion were very popular.

For inspiration, painters in both Italy and northern Europe frequently turned to Jacobus de Voragine's Golden Legend (1260), a highly influential source book for the lives of saints that had already had a strong influence on Medieval artists.

Sandro Botticelli, Magnificat, 1480-81, tempera on panel, Uffizi Gallery, Florence

The rebirth of classical antiquity and Renaissance humanism also resulted in many Mythological and history paintings. Ovidian stories, for example, were very popular.

Decorative ornament, often used in painted architectural elements, was especially influenced by classical Roman motifs.

The use ofperspective:

The first major treatment of the painting as a window into space appeared in the work of Giotto di Bondone, at the beginning of the 14th century.

True linear perspective was formalized later, by Filippo Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti.

In addition to giving a more realistic presentation of art, it moved Renaissance painters into painting more paintings.

Techniques

foreshortening - The term foreshortening refers to the artistic effect of shortening lines in a drawing so as to create an illusion of depth. Sfumato - The term sfumato was coined by Italian Renaissance artist, Leonardo da Vinci, and refers to a fine art painting technique of blurring or softening of sharp outlines by subtle and gradual blending of one tone into another through the use of thin glazes to give the illusion of depth or three-dimensionality. This stems from the Italian word sfumare .

•chiaroscuro - The term chiaroscuro refers to the fine art painting modeling effect of using a strong contrast between light and dark to give the illusion of depth or three-dimensionality.

This comes from the Italian words meaning light (chiaro) and dark (scuro), a technique which came into wide use in the Baroque Period.; Sfumato is the opposite of chiaroscuro.

•Balance and Proportion- proper sizes and the use of airy, bright colors. The human anatomy wasn't as idealized as during the ancient times.

Early Renaissance

Period from 1400 to 1500Artist as a craftsmenArt created by commission

Art through imitation

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Workshop systemCollaboration of masters and apprentices

Family-basedRun like a business

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Products of the workshop system

MichaelangeloMaster – Domenico Ghirlandaio

Leonardo da VinciMaster- Andrea del Verocchio

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Innovations

Frescoes- art created on damp plaster

Oil paintsRealistic portrayal of human nature

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InnovationsChiaroscurro- use of shadows to show balance of light and dark

ScienceLinear perspective- allowed artist to represent objects in relative sizes

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PROMINENT RENAISSANCE

ARTISTS OF THE 1400s

GiottoGiotto is considered to be the most influential

artist on Renaissance painting.Father of the RenaissanceGiotto’s dignified figures seemed to displace

space, to stand upon the ground with real substance and weight.

The figures seem to extend both backward, into the picture, and forward, toward the spectator’s space.

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The Arena

Chapel

slide

Giotto, Madonna Enthroned (C-1310, Medium –Tempra on wood, size- 10’8”x 6’8”)

Florence.

The first of renaissancePainting by GiottoPeople are bored of deliberately created

facadesThe larger than life portrayal of things in

gothic period is subsidingWhile Mary is still larger than the angels

but significantly closer to their size

Arch above her is pointed but not as vertically exaggerated as the gothic period recommends

Dramatically expressive (opaque halos around the heads and non-directional lighting effect)

Black color directs eye movement towards the central object

LAMENTATION by Giotto

Filippo Bruneleschi(1337-1446)

Florentine architect and engineerFirst to carry out a series of optical

experiments that led to a mathematical theory of perspective.

His method of perspective had a dramatic impact on the depiction of 3-dimensional space in the arts

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FILIPPO BRNELLESCHI (1377 - 1446 )

Sculptor – turned –architect whose works freely incorporate elements from Roman classical architecture in his designs. His PAZZI CHAPEL recalls the Roman pantheon .

Masaccio(1401-1428)One of first artists to apply the new method of

linear perspective in his fresco of the Holy Trinity

Used a barrel vaulted ceiling to imitate with precision the true appearance of architectural space

Figures depict accurate human anatomy

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The Holy Trinity

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St. Paul

Portrait of a Young Man 1425

Adoration of the Magi 1426

The Madonna and Child with Saint Anne 1424

Madonna with Child and Angels 1426

The Expulsion of Adam and Eve *note, the restored version shows the removal of the fig leaves from the original painting

The Tribute Money

Resurrection of the Son of Theophilus

Crucifixion 1426

St. Gerome and St. John the Baptist 1428

Pierro della Francesca(1416-1492)

Expressed an obsession with perspectiveHis works are characterized by carefully

analyzed architectural spaces and sensitivity to geometric purity of shapes.

Wrote several treatises on perspective and geometry

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One point linear perspectivePierro della Francesca “View of an Ideal City”

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Carefully analyzed perspective and geometryThe Discovery and Proving of the True Cross

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Donatello(1386-1466)

New sense of naturalism in sculptureUse of classical contrapposto stance (relaxed not rigid)

Statue of David considered first full scale nude since ancient times

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DAVID c . 1428 – 1432medium-bronze ,62’1\4’’ high,florence

DONATELLO ( 1386 - 1466 )

Donatello, St John the Evangelist(Marble, height: 210 cm)

Florence, Museo dell’Opera del Duomo

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE.

THE REPENTENT MAGDALEN

(Wood, The flamelike contours of the repentent prostitute’s garment suggest the purifying spiritual fires that burn within her. height- 6 feet)

FLORENCE

Cont….

Andrea Mantegna(1430-1506)Created unusual vantage points Looking at figures from belowLamentation of the Dead Christ the viewer is

looking from the feet of the subject.Deep foreshorteningEffectively placed the viewer at the scene,

adding to the sense of empathy

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Lamentation of the Dead ChristUse of unusual vantage points

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Sandra Boticelli(1445-1510)

First artist to paint a full-length female nude

In Birth of Venus the figure occupies the center of the work which was traditionally reserved for the Virgin. This work is possibly the most pagan image of the entire Renaissance.

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Click icon to add pictureBIRTH OF

VENUS

C .1482

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