renaissance
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Renaissance. Influences of the Middle Ages. There were 3: Black Death. Killed millions and changed the balance of peasant / workers to nobility. The peasants gained power. Church. Powerful force in society. However losing influence due to corruption (more later!) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Influences of the Middle Ages
� There were 3:/ Black Death. Killed millions and changed
the balance of peasant / workers to nobility. The peasants gained power.
/ Church. Powerful force in society. However losing influence due to corruption (more later!)
/ Hundred Years War. Forced nationalism in France and England. Peasants’ power in battle overtakes that of nobility.
� How do these affect the Renaissance?
Why Italy? Why Now?
� Plenty of money thanks to trade/ Why Italian trade?
¡ Location.¡ Crusades
� Rivalries between city states � Banking
Renaissance� What was the renaissance?
/ “Rebirth of learning”. But whose?/ Ideas of ancient Greece and Rome./ Church ignored this knowledge
because…¡ Polytheistic people could not know
more than Church!
/ Thomas Aquinas used Greek knowledge to prove the Bible.
� HUMANISM becomes the force of change during the Renaissance.
Humanism� Renaissance Humanism was the reintroduction of classical
thought (knowledge from Ancient Greece & Rome). The Renaissance began in Italy 15th century (1400’s). The revival was based on interpretations of Roman and Greek knowledge. This was a great change from the focus on the Biblical values of the Catholic Church. This knowledge had been largely ignored by the Roman Catholic Church because of its polytheistic base. Humanism emphasized the study of science, philosophy, art, poetry, rhetoric (discussion/debate) and importance of an individual contribution. Renaissance humanists believed that the liberal arts should be practiced by all levels of wealth. One of the things you can look for in art and literature are “classical themes” (Mythological characters, ancient settings, the individual and the elegance of the human form etc.).
� The crisis of Renaissance humanism came with the trial of Galileo. The church taught that the earth was the center of the universe and Galileo disputed this based on his mathematic and scientific observations.
� This forced academics to choose between the authority of faith and religious teaching or science (a battle which continues to this day…intelligent design, creationism, and evolution). The trial exposed the contradictions between humanism and the teachings of the church, and humanism was branded a “dangerous doctrine”. Galileo was forced to recant (take back) his ideas, even though we now know them to be true, further showing the power of the Church during Renaissance times.
Geometrical Arrangement of
Figures� The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate
� Leonardo da Vinci
� 1469
� The figure as architecture!
Realism & Expression
� Expulsion fromthe Garden
� Masaccio
� 1427
� First nudes sinceclassical times.
Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
First use of linear
perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
� The Trinity
� Masaccio
� 1427
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will
become.
Classicism
� Greco-Roman influence.
� Secularism.
� Individualism free standing figures.
� Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)
Artists as Personalities/Celebrities
� Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, andArchitects
� Giorgio Vasari
� 1550
Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,
1514-1515� Castiglione
represented the humanist “gentleman” as a man of refinement and self-control.
� Book “The Courtier” defined the Renaissance Man
The Renaissance “Man”
� Broad knowledge about many things in different fields.
� Deep knowledge/skill in one area.� Able to link information from
different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
� The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.
Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512
1452 - 1519
� Artist
� Sculptor
� Architect
� Scientist
� Engineer
� Inventor
Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook
� An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.
A study of siege defenses.
Studies of water-lifting devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his
Notebook
Aristotle:looks to thisearth [thehere and
now].
Plato:looks to theheavens [or
the IDEALrealm].
The School of Athens – Raphael, details
Arnolfini and His Bride� Full of
symbolism. Lots of commentary about the era/ Appearance/ Dog/ Shoes/ Bed/ Window/ Fruit/ Chandelier/ Mirror