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It is a chemical compound composed oftwo oxygen atoms covalently bonded to asingle carbon atom. CO2 is a trace gas comprising0.039% of the atmosphere. As part of the carboncycle known as photosynthesis, plants, algae,and cyano bacteria absorb carbon dioxide, sunlight,and water to produce carbohydrate energy forthemselves and oxygen as a waste product. By contrast,during respiration they emit carbon dioxide, as do all

other living things that depend either directly orindirectly on plants for food. Carbon dioxide is alsogenerated as a by-product of combustion; emittedfrom volcanoes, hot springs, and geysers; and freedfrom carbonate rocks by dissolution.

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Humans use carbon dioxide in many different ways.The most familiar example is its use in soft drinks andbeer, to make them fizzy. Carbon dioxide released bybaking powder or yeast makes cake batter rise.

Some fire extinguishers use carbon dioxide because it isdenser than air

Carbon dioxide is also used in a technology calledsupercritical fluid extraction that is used to decaffeinate

coffee. The solid form of carbon dioxide, commonly known as

Dry Ice, is used in theatres to create stage fogs andmake things like "magic potions" bubble.

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Carbon dioxide is one of the most abundant gasses inthe atmosphere. Carbon dioxide plays an importantpart in vital plant and animal process, such asphotosynthesis and respiration.

The reaction of photosynthesis is as follows:6 CO2 + 6 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

The respiration reaction is as follows:C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Photosynthesis and respiration play an important rolein the carbon cycle and are at equilibrium with one

another.

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Humans have been increasing the amount of carbondioxide in air by burning of fossil fuels

By producing cement

By carrying out land clearing and forest combustion

22% of the current atmospheric CO2 concentrationsexist due to these human activities

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The largest source of CO2 emissions globally isthe combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oiland gas in power plants, automobiles,

industrial facilities and other sources.

A number of specialized industrial production

processes and product uses such as mineralproduction, metal production and the use ofpetroleum-based products can also lead toCO2 emissions.

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Carbon sequestration is the process by whichgrowing trees and plants absorb or removeCO2 from the atmosphere and turn it into biomass

(e.g., wood, leaves, etc.). Deforestation, conversely,can lead to significant levels of CO2 emissions insome countries.

Carbon dioxide can be captured from power plantsand industrial facilities before it is released into theatmosphere, and then injected deep underground.

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Production and consumption of mineral products suchas cement, lime and soda ash

Production of metals such as iron and steel, aluminum,zinc and lead

Chemical production (e.g., ammonia, petrochemicalsand titanium dioxide)

Consumption of petroleum products in feed stocks andother end-uses

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Global warming is caused by the emission ofgreenhouse gases . 72% of the totally emittedgreenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (CO2), 18%Methane and 9% Nitrous oxide (NOx). Carbon dioxideemissions therefore are the most important cause ofglobal warming. CO2 is inevitably created by burningfuels like e.g. oil, natural gas, diesel, organic-diesel,petrol, organic-petrol, ethanol. The emissions of CO2

have been dramatically increased within the last 50years and are still increasing by almost 3% each year,see graph below:

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Graph. CO2-emissions world-wide by year (data fromwri.org)

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The carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere where it remains for 100to 200 years. This leads to an increasing concentration of carbon dioxide inour atmosphere which in turn causes the average temperature on Earth to

raise.

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The carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere where it remains for 100to 200 years. This leads to an increasing concentration of carbon dioxide inour atmosphere which in turn causes the average temperature on Earth toraise.

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Rises in sea level of as much as three feet across theglobe, flooding land where millions of people now live

Impacts on agriculture - Global warming could havemajor effects on agricultural productivity

Reduction of the ozone layer - Warming would resultin increase high cloud cover in winter, giving chemical

reactions a platform in the atmosphere, which couldresult in depletion of the ozone layer

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Increased extreme weather - A warmer climate couldchange the weather systems of the earth, meaningthere would be more droughts and floods, and morefrequent and stronger storms

Spread of diseases - Diseases would be able to spreadto areas which were previously too cold for them tosurvive in

Ecosystem change - As with the diseases, the range ofplants and animals would change, with the net effect of

most organisms moving towards the North and SouthPoles

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Reductions in rainfall across vast areas where crops arenow grown

The melting of many glaciers and a rise in snowelevations, affecting water supplies across the globe

Storms including hurricanes of increasing intensity andfrequency

Extinction of animal and plant

species as the pace of change in

habitat driven by global warmingoutstrips their ability to adjust

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World leaders gathered in Kyoto, Japan, in December1997 to consider a world treaty restricting emissions ofgreenhouse gases, mainly of carbon dioxide, that are

thought to cause global warming. Unfortunately, whilethe Kyoto treaties have worked for a while America isnow trying to evade them.

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- Its mission is "to halt and reverse thedestruction of our environment

- Currently, much of its work focuses on the

conservation of three biomes that contain mostof the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwaterecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Amongother issues, it is also concerned with

endangered species, pollution and climatechange.

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Johnson & JohnsonSecond Largest U.S. Corporate Purchaser of Clean Energy

Polaroid CorporationCarbon Dioxide Emissions Down 50% from 1994 to 2004

Tetra Pak

Bringing Energy Efficiency to Food and Beverage Packaging Nike, Inc.

Running Against Global Warming Nokia

Builds on its Strong EnvironmentalRecord The Coca-Cola Company

Preventing 2 million tons of CO2 emissions IBM

Saving $115 Million Since 1998 by Avoiding 1.28 Million Tons ofcarbon dioxide Emissions

Others are Sony, Volvo, NationalGeographic,HP etc

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Eugene Green Energy Standard - (formerlythe European Green Electricity Network) It wasdesigned to encourage the generation and use ofadditional renewable energy sources for electricity

generation, although the limited use ofadditional natural gas-fired cogeneration plantwas also supported.

Earth Hour - global event organized by WWF andis held on the last Saturday of March annually,

asking households and businesses to turn off theirnon-essential lights and other electrical appliancesfor one hour to raise awareness towards the needto take action on climate change.

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Changing to energy efficient light bulbs or not leavingyour TV on standby

Reduce the amount of animal products you consume

(meat, dairy, eggs, leather, etc.) Reduce the amount of fuel you use (car, air travel, etc.)

Reduce the amount of electricity you use

For short distance travels, it is best to walk, skateboard,

roller skate or bike. This promotes better health, anddecreased carbon emissions.

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Practice carpooling to minimize carbon emissions, androad congestion.

In buying a car, choose one which uses less gasoline

and/or diesel but still provides longer mileage. Betteryet, choose a car with an eco-friendly engine.

Find a way to use biofuel to power your vehicle,instead of gasoline or diesel. Biofuel use reduces the

consumption of fossil fuel, a major contributor toglobal warming.

Or more major changes like giving up your car!