report of ragi guda slum by m. hassan
TRANSCRIPT
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
Introduction- According to UNICEF, child protection acts as the prevention of or
responding to the incidence of abuse, exploitation, violence and neglect of children. This
includes commercial sexual exploitation, trafficking, child labour and harmful traditional
practices, and as well as child marriage. Protection also allows children to have access to
their other rights of survival, development, growth and participation.
Among all these issues the most highlighted issues in this report are Child education and
Child labour.
Child education is a branch of education theory which relates to the teaching
of children formally and informally up until the age of about eight. According to the
statistics of 2011 less than half of India's children between the age 6 and 14 go to school.
A little over one-third of all children who are enrolled in grade one reach grade eight. At
least 35 million children aged 6 - 14 years do not attend school. 53% of girls in the age
group of 5 to 9 years are illiterate. In India, only 53% of habitation has a primary school
and 20% of habitation has a secondary school. The reasons for not attending schools
were amended as; the upper primary school is 3 km away in 22% of areas under
habitations. In nearly 60% of schools, there are less than two teachers to teach Classes I
to V. High cost of private education and need to work to support their families and little
interest in studies are the reasons they leave.
Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that
deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school,
and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice
is considered exploitative by many domestic and international organisations.
As per Census 2011, the state wise details of working children in the age group of 5-14
years are as follows:
Sl No. Name of States
No. of working children in the
age group of 5-14 years (2011)
1 Andhra Pradesh 404851
2 Arunachal Pradesh 404851
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
3 Assam 99512
4 Bihar 451590
5 Chhattisgarh 63884
6 Delhi 26473
7 Goa 6920
8 Gujarat 250318
9 Haryana 53492
10 Himachal Pradesh 15001
11 Jammu & Kashmir 25528
12 Jharkhand 90996
13 Karnataka 249432
14 Kerala 21757
15 Madhya Pradesh 286310
16 Maharashtra 496916
17 Manipur 11805
18 Meghalaya 18839
19 Mizoram 2793
20 Nagaland 11062
21 Odisha 92087
22 Punjab 90353
23 Rajasthan 252338
24 Sikkim 2704
25 Tamil Nadu 151437
26 Tripura 4998
27 Uttar Pradesh 896301
28 Uttarakhand 28098
29 West Bengal 234275
The objectives of the survey were to:-
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
Assess the current practices and arrangements in place to manage child protection
where the subtopics are education and child labour and to ensure welfare in
community. (Karnataka, Bangalore).
Assess the knowledge and practices of the people of Ragi gudda slum towards the
issues of Child Protection.
Methodology:
Profile of the study area- This report describes the process and findings of the
convenient survey for Ragi gudda slum near J.P Nagar, Bangalore,
Karnataka. Bangalore Agglomeration is the 5th
largest agglomeration in India
(Census 2011). It covers a total area of 8005 Sq. Km. As per demographical
information per census 2011; the population within BBMP (Bruhat Bangalore
Mahanagara Palike) grew to 8,443,675 from 5,686,844 in 2001.The decadal
growth between 2001-2011 is found to be 85%, which is very high compared to
that of the State.
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
Sampling and Sample size- During this survey Convenient sampling was used
and the sample size of 208 was taken under consideration.
Respondent- The respondents for this survey were the head of the household or
family in the Ragi gudda slum.
Findings based on the parameters of the given questionnaire i.e. the socio-
economic conditions of the slum dwellers :-
In Table1, it is observed that the people who responded to the questionnaire were mainly
between the age group of 25 to 45 years, and are mainly male. The educational
qualification of the inhabitants of Ragi gudda slum is mostly illiterates and school
dropouts who managed to study up to high school and they work mostly as a manual
labour or as a domestic worker. The respondents were mostly from Karnataka itself less
were migrants, the respondents were mostly married and was schedule caste Hindus
residing in the slum. The type of family who responded were mainly nuclear families and
the frequency of their monthly wages were seen mostly less than Rs.10000.
Table 1 Socio economic conditions of the respondents
Categories
Age
Frequency Percent
Less than 25 11 5.3
26-35 78 37.5
36-45 67 32.2
More than 46 52 25.0
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
Total 208 100.0
Gender
Frequency Percent
Male 120 57.7
Female 88 42.3
Total 208 100.0
Education
Frequency Percent
Illiterate 84 40.4
Primary School 15 7.2
High School 85 40.9
Higher Secondary
School 14 6.7
Any other degree 10 4.8
Total 208 100.0
Occupation
Frequency Percent
Domestic worker 50 24.0
Housewife 17 8.2
Driver 34 16.3
Unemployed 8 3.8
Manual labour 80 38.5
Others 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0
Marital Status
Frequency Percent
Married 187 89.9
Divorced 1 .5
Separated 1 .5
Widowed 19 9.1
Total 208 100.0
Religion Frequency Percent
Hindu 147 70.7
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
Muslim 42 20.2
Christian 18 8.7
Others 1 .5
Total 208 100.0
Caste
Frequency Percent
Scheduled Caste 116 55.8
Scheduled Tribes 21 10.1
Other Backward
Caste 36 17.3
Others 32 15.4
Do not know 3 1.4
Total 208 100.0
Place of origin
Frequency Percent
Karnataka 150 72.1
Tamil Nadu 56 26.9
Andhra Pradesh 1 .5
Others 1 .5
Total
208 100.0
District
Frequency Percent
Bangalore 141 67.8
Thiruvannamalai 16 7.7
Salem 8 3.8
Others 36 17.3
Do not know 7 3.4
Total 208 100.0
Years of stay
Frequency Percent
Less than 5 30 14.4
6 to 15 30 14.4
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
16 to 25 46 22.1
26 to 35 48 23.1
More than 35 54 26.0
Total 208 100.0
Type of family
Frequency Percent
Joint Family 43 20.7
Nuclear Family 165 79.3
Total 208 100.0
Total family
members
Frequency Percent
1 23 11.1
2 20 9.6
3 24 11.5
4 60 28.8
5 38 18.3
6 17 8.2
7 17 8.2
8 6 2.9
9 2 1.0
10 1 .5
Total
208 100.0
Total earning
members
Frequency Percent
1 99 47.6
2 71 34.1
3 26 12.5
4 9 4.3
5 3 1.4
Total 208 100.0
Total monthly Frequency Percent
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
income Less than 10000 89 42.8
15000-25000 85 40.9
25001-45000 28 13.5
45001-60000 4 1.9
More than 60000 2 1.0
Total 208 100.0
In Table 2, based on the socio demographic data of all the children in slum it is
concluded that the slum consists equal ratio of both female and male sexes and the
number of children were 395.Most dwellers have birth certificate of their children as per
the norm of the government, even child marriage practice is on the verge of extinction.
Although the parents of the children of Ragi gudda slums were mostly uneducated and
school dropouts but they surely urge their kids to study more and to live a better life
hence education is seen mostly among children there. But though children of some of the
household stopped going to school due to reasons such as transport problem, not
interested but the main cause is poverty. The work these children perform is usually
involved with their household.
Table 2 Socio demographic data of all the children in the slum:
No. of children
Gender Age
Birth
Certificate
Male Female 0 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 15 16 to 18 Yes No
395 197 198 138 110 92 55 327 68
Marital Status Education
Married Unmarried 0 1 2 3 4
6 217 7 141 138 20 5
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
Children stopped going to school
Yes No
34 310
Reason for child to drop out
No transport Poverty
Care
siblings
Not
interested
Not performing
well
Physical
problem HHs-economic activity
3 34 2 7 4 2 1
Are they going to work Type of work
Yes No
Assist
Parents
HH
econ. Manufacture
Agri
work Hotel Garage
Rag
pick Others
21 296 1 29 1 1 2 6 2 3
Migration of child Missing child
Yes No Yes No
0 310 3 65
FINDINGS:-
According to the dwellers, the parameters which usually drives the Knowledge,
Attitude and Practice on the basis of Education for children in their locality and
Child labour in their community are as follows:-
A. EDUCATION:-
CHART 1 AND CHART 1.1 - On the basis of the statistics, the dwellers of
Ragi gudda slums mostly feels that sending their children is a very important aspect as in
future the children can lead a very good life by getting a good job which was the
maximum response followed by becoming economically independent as the two main
reasons.
Chart 1.Response of the Household head on education of child
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
1.1 REASONS FOR EDUCATING THE CHILD AND THE RESPONSES:
REASONS FOR EDUCATING THE CHILD D
EDUCATION
YESPERCENT
GOOD JOB 182
ECONOMICALLY INDEPENDENT 171
BETTER HEALTH 51
GOOD MEALS AT SCHOOL 11
NOT WILLING 16
95.2
2.4 2.40
20
40
60
80
100
YES NO DON’T KNOW
1.Response of the Household head on education of child.
42%
40%
12%
2% 4%
REASONS FOR EDUCATING THE CHILD AND THE RESPONSES (YES%)
GOOD JOB
ECONOMICALLY INDEPENDENT
BETTER HEALTH
GOOD MEALS AT SCHOOL
NOT WILLING
IMPORTANCE
OF SENDING
A CHILD TO
SCHOOL
PERCENT
YES 95.2
NO 2.4
DON’T KNOW 2.4
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
CHART 2- According to the slum dwellers educating a girl child is important aspect
although they themselves are not well versed or illiterate they were very much inclined in
educating their girl child but in some household it is observed that education of girl child
up to certain age limit is more preferable to them.
CHART 2. OPINION FOR
EDUCATING GIRL CHILD
OPINIONS PERCENTAGE
FOR BETTER FUTURE 26.4
TO BECOME INDEPENDENT 26.4
TO HAVE A BETTER JOB 47.1
27%
26%
47%
OPINION FOR EDUCATING GIRL CHILD (%)
FOR BETTER FUTURE
TO BECOME INDEPENDENT
TO HAVE A BETTER JOB
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
B. CHILD LABOUR:-
CHART3. AND CHART 3.1- The inhabitants of the slum concluded that, 46.6%
of the children who are less than 14 years of age do not go to work while 24% of
them gave a positive response and the rest 29.3% gave a vague response i.e. they
are unaware of the fact.
Whereas the people who gave positive response commented that 17.8% of male
goes to work while 7.7% female goes to work.
3. CHILDREN WORKING LESS
THAN 14 YEARS
LESS THAN 14 YEARS PERCENTAGE
YES 24
NO 46.6
DON’T KNOW 29.3
0
20
40
60
YESNO
DON’T KNOW
24
46.6
29.3
3. RESPONSE FOR CHILDREN WHO ARE WORKING BELOW 14 YEARS OF AGE
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
3.1 GENDER WHICH IS INVOLVED MORE IN WORK
CHILD LABOR IN GENDERS PERCENTAGE
MALE 7.7
FEMALE 17.8
DON’T KNOW 74.5
CHART 3.2- The type of work these children are associated with is particularly
Household works and other works such as in hotel, cleaning, garage, painting etc.
3.2. TYPE OF WORK
TYPE OF WORK PERCENTAGE
HOUSEHOLD 17.8
CONSTRUCTION 1.4
OTHERS 8.7
DON’T KNOW 72.1
0 20 40 60 80
MALE
FEMALE
DON’T KNOW
7.7
17.8
74.5
PERCENTAGE
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
CHART 3.3- The reason for these children to go on work is mostly poverty
which usually makes up the 20.7% of the population going on work under 14.
3.3. REASONS FOR WORK
REASONS PERCENTAGE
POVERTY 20.7
OTHERS 6.7
DON’T KNOW 72.6
01020304050607080
17.8
1.48.7
72.1
3.2.TYPE OF WORK
0 20 40 60 80
POVERTY
OTHERS
DON’T KNOW
20.7
6.7
72.6
3.3.REASONS FOR WORK
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
CHART 3.4- According to them the problem faced by the child labours are
basically verbal harass i.e. basically shouting and ear moulding and constitutes of
3.8% and the others are conflict with co-worker and health related issues making
1.9% and 1.4% respectively.
3.4. PROBLEMS FACED AT WORKPLACE
PROBLEMS AT WORKPLACE PERCENTAGE
RAPE 1
VERBAL HARASS 3.8
CO WORKERS CONFLICT 1.9
HEALTH PROBLEM 1.4
NO IDEA 91.8
CONCLUSION
At the level of prevention, their aim includes supporting and strengthening families
to reduce social exclusion, and to lower the risk of separation, violence and exploitation.
Responsibilities are often spread across government agencies, with services delivered by
local authorities, non-Sate providers, and community groups, making coordination
1 3.8 1.9 1.4
91.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
RAPE VERBAL HARASS
CO WORKERS CONFLICT
HEALTH PROBLEM
NO IDEA
3.4.PROBLEMS AT WORKPLACE
REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM
BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN
between sectors and levels, including routine referral systems, a necessary component of
effective child protection systems. The conduction of survey in Ragi gudda gives a vivid
description that although the people live in slum but they are trying to overcome their
hurdles and supports education and disowns the evils of child labour.