Report on the ToT training, Jointly Organized by DRMFSS and UNDP-CO, Funded by UNDP GEF/LDCF Project (CI & EWS) held in Nairobi, Kenya, January 1-10, 2015

By

ALMAZ DEMESSIE

Senior Agro-Meteorologist and Early Warning expert, UNDP/GEF LDCF project Focal Person

Disaster Risk Management and Food Security SectorOffice tel: +251-114430578, Mobile tel: +251 -911-197120

E-mail: demessiead@gmail.com

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ToT Training on Climate Information and Early Warning Systems for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change, 1 – 10 January 2015,

Nairobi, Kenya

I. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES

The ToT training (Action 2.3.2 one of DRMFSS’s CI&EWS Project Annual Execution Plan EFY 2006/2007), which is supposed to be address key issues along the uses of meteorological, agro-meteorological and hydro-meteorological information in Early Warning System (EWS) and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) at large, was conducted in Nairobi, Kenya (1 -10 January 2015) the venue was Institute For Meteorological Training and Research WMO Regional Training Center (IMTR). The training program was jointly organized by DRMFSS and UNDP-CO. The training experts (trainers) for the training are drawn from Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi; IMTR, Kenya Met. Society, ICPAC, among several other institutions. Moreover from the user side the project in titled with “Strengthening/enhancing drought and flood early warning systems in Ethiopia; Capacity building program for climate change adaptation in Ethiopia” aims at strengthening the capacity of the Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Sector (DRMFSS) in its Early Warning System and in the effort of formulate and implement to climate change adaptation actions which is one of the cross cutting issues in its DRM Strategic Program and Investment Framework (DRMSPIF).

Moreover the purpose of the aforementioned training program is to support meteorological and hydro-meteorological users how to interpret the information what they get from NMA and MOE including near real time Satellite information from different sources for their day to day activities and their short term, medium term and long term DRM plan at large with the aim of capacity building in the following areas:

i. Improving capacity of senior managers to manage more effectively in proactive EWS which is the main input in the risk management framework.

ii. Strengthening internal systems in terms of using weather/climate information in EWS at all level i.e. by designing appropriate training program in order to develop the capacity of staffs at Federal, Regional and Woreda level.

Objectives of the training

The main objective of this training is to ensure that a strong training package is delivered to EWRD staffs to equip them in the knowledge of meteorology, agro meteorology and hydrometeorology. Moreover, it is believed that theToT training program would increase their capacity for risk management and response planning at large.

II. TRAINING ARRANGEMENT AND ATTENDANCE

Before the start of the training program, the necessary preparations were performed jointly by DRMFSS

and UNDP-CO. In reference the delegation letter made by National Meteorological Agency (National Project Coordinator) dated 27 October 2014 reference № IO- 3/21 the Disaster Risk

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Management and Food Security Sector (DRMFSS) manage to get the training center and has officially nominated ten candidates (with diversified education background) for overseas ToT training held from 1 - 10 January 2014 at the Institute For Meteorological Training and Research

WMO Regional Training Center Nairobi, Kenya. The following trainees were attended the ToT training:-

Table 1 shows the composition of trainees from DRMFSS

No Name of the candidate as indicated in the passport

Educational Background Position/contact address

1 WOLDETSADIK/ALMAZ DEMESIE

M.Sc in Tropical Agricultural Development (UK)

Senior Agro meteorological expert (Focal Person for CIWES Project) / demessiead@gmail.com

2 ALEYE/BEYEN SEBEKO M.Sc in Disaster Management and Sustainable Development

Senior Fire Monitoring expert/beyenesebeko97@gmail.com

3 WELDETSADIK/DEJENE MEBRATU

MSc in Plant Protection Senior Plant Protection expert

4 ALEMU/SERKALEM GETACHWU

M.Sc in Disaster Science and Sustainable Development

Doctor Of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) Expert

5 ADEFRIS/NEGYE HAILU BSc in METEOROLOGY Agro meteorological expert

6 ADOIE/MULUKEN WORIHUN M.Sc. in Reproductive Health Senior Nutritionist

7 WOLDETSADIK/YEHULASHET HAILE

BA in Management A/Logistic Coordinator

8 GEBREHIWOT/ARAGAW LEMMA

BA in Accounting Finance Case Team Coordinator

9 WOLDEMICHEAL/ASMELASH GEBREHIWOT

M.Sc. World Economy and International Eco. Relation

Case Worker

10 MANDEFRO/ALTAYECH YITBAREK

Diploma in Statistic and Computer Science

Computer Programmer

The trainers have provide Flash disk to the trainees loaded with the necessary training document and training materials in PowerPoint and Pdf format, then executed the training. The first day started with the introduction of participant’s and Prof. Ogallo then introduced the lecturers from various universities in Nairobi and their areas of Expertise. Dr. Alfred Opere, Chairman of the Department of Meteorology, University of Nairobi, officially opened the workshop and he welcomed all the participants to the meeting

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and wished them a fruitful deliberation and a comfortable stay in Nairobi. After the photo session and health break Prof. Ogallo then gave the Perspectives of the TOTs and Outcome mapping. The following issues were also discussed and agreed upon:

• Brief on the goals and objectives

• Presentation of programme

• Discussion and Adoption of ToT training programme

Prof. Ogallo then introduced the concept of Outcome mapping which required that the participants indicate their expectations from the ToT workshop. The purpose of outcome mapping is to help participants see the need for strategic planning and implementation of the ToT training plan/programme for effective achievements of the workshop objectives. Participants were therefore provided with cards in which they were to write down their expectations. The following issues were identified by Participants as key issues in Outcome Mapping:

• Knowledge on Climate Change(CC) and Adaptation

• Linking Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change

• Development of Early Warning products and Dissemination

• Use of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in Early Warning (EW) and Early Action (EA)

• Preparation of Training Material

• Use of Satellite information in EW

• Mainstreaming CC in Adaptation

• DRM, Gender and Youth

• Climate Smart Development

• Hazard identification and Mapping

By referring the above mentioned key issues of outcome mapping the ToT training has covered the following points:

Principles of Disaster Risk Management/ Reduction Introduction to Hazards/Disasters Natural and Anthropogenic (Human Induced) Hazards Principles of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) VS Disaster Risk Management

(DRM); Climate Risk Management (CRM), Vulnerability and Capacity, Exposure and Resilience

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Hazards (Global, Regional and Ethiopia)

Introduction to Meteorology and hazards knowledge

Most hazards in Ethiopia and many other parts of Africa are associated with extreme weather and climate events. This session presents the field of Meteorology from hazards point of view (past, present and future patterns of weather /climate extremes (hazards), causes, impacts, and coping lessons)

Meteorology and weather / Climate extremes (Meteorological Hazards) Key Terminologies in Meteorology, Weather and climate The Climate System Characteristics of past, present and future climate , especially the extremes Climate variability and change (Evidences from Past and Present) Causes of climate variability and change Introduction to Climate Change Global warming (GHGs concentration in the atmosphere) UNFCCC (plus ongoing revision efforts) Projection of future of climate for the region and Ethiopia Climate change evidences from participants (Lessons Learnt)

Climate and Development

Climate, Economy, Society and Environment((land, biosphere, water and atmosphere resources)

Sustainable Development concept: UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) , Agenda 21 ,millennium development goals; and RIO + 20, Sustainable development goals; UNCCD; UNCB

Disasters impacts (especially climate extremes) Examples from past and present impacts of climate extremes on development in Ethiopia Can we have sustainable development without DRM/DRR and CCA? Principles of Disaster Management

o Disaster Management Cycle

Climate information needs in support of climate resilient development and adaptation to climate change often vary from sector to sector. Sector specific climate information needs are briefly highlighted

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Introduction to Climate information and early warning needs for climate resilient development and adaptation to climate change

Climate information and early warning needs for the Agriculture and Food Security Sector (Crops/Livestock/Fisheries)

Climate information and early warning needs for the Water Sector Climate information and early warning needs for the Health sector Climate information and early warning needs for Industry, energy and transport sector Climate information and early warning needs for Environment management, land use /

land degradation and land management Climate information and early warning needs for Human settlement / urbanization ,

hotel and tourism industry Climate information and early warning needs for the Disaster Management Sector Disasters needs of Gender and Youth Indigenous knowledge in Disaster management Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) vs. community / sector specific based

climate services

Disaster Management Strategies Concepts of Disaster Management Strategy

Global (Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), and ongoing revision efforts (Sendai 2015)

(Regional /IGAD - IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI)

Disaster Management strategy (Policy/implementation, Legal and institutional frameworks, coordination, Funding, Education and awareness, research; science and technology on all components of disasters management cycle including early warning systems, Communication systems, Resources, Capacity, Leadership roles at all levels, Coordination and Collaboration)

Lessons from Malaysia, Uganda and Kenya

Lessons of Ethiopia (Participants to lead the discussion for Ethiopia, specific areas and sectors)

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Climate Change Detection and Attribution at National/Local levels Climate Change Adaptation

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o Coping with current climate extremes

o Future climate change scenarios

o Adaptation options

o Post Kyoto

Ecosystem based Adaptation

Climate change Mitigation Options Mitigation Options Geo-engineering (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage)

Climate Smart Development Implementation of Climate Smart Development Strategy

(DRM Vs climate smart development strategy)

Mainstreaming of climate information in sector specific plans; Integration of disaster management and climate change adaptation efforts; Data and inter disciplinary knowledge of the interacting systems; Role Research, science and technology including Remote Sensing and GIS; Capacity; Early Warning Systems; Other Cross- cutting issues : Gender, Youth, local knowledge / technology)

Sustainable development challenges

Poverty Reduction Strategies

Integration of DRR and CCA into development strategy

Training material preparation for different levels

TOTs Training material preparation for different levels (Federal, Regional and district / Local levels)

o Discussed on sample training manual which is prepared by the trainers and some

amendment made based on the interests of the participants. The prototype of the training manual(Table 2) is as follows:

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Table 2 shows the Training Curriculum on Climate Information and Early Warning Systems for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change

Code Course Title DRM/C01 Perspectives of the Training and outcome mapping of the training expectation; Training

objectives / goals, activities, Outputs / outcomes; Performance indicators. Participants discussion and recommendations on the unit

DRM/C02 Principles of Disaster Risk Management/ Reduction: Introduction to Hazards/Disasters; Hazards classification: Natural and Anthropogenic /Human Induced Hazards; Principles of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) VS Disaster Risk Management (DRM); Climate Risk Management (CRM), Vulnerability and Capacity, Exposure and Resilience ; Global, Regional, National, Sub regional and community level Hazards Participant’s presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific hazards. Recommendations on the unit

DRM/C03 Concepts of RiskKey Terminologies; Concept of risk (Hazard, Vulnerability, Capacity, and Exposure), Resilience; Risk management vs reduction. Participants’ presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific risks. Recommendations on the unit

DRM/C04 Introduction to Meteorology and hazards knowledgeMeteorology from hazards point of view (past, present and future patterns of weather /climate extremes (hazards), causes, impacts, and coping lessons); Definition of Weather , climate ; climate variability and climate change ; The Climate System; Characteristics of past, present and future climate, Causes of climate variability and change, Introduction to Climate Change, Global warming (GHGs concentration in the atmosphere) UNFCCC (plus ongoing revision efforts); Projection of future of climate for the global region national and local climate; Climate change evidences from participants (Lessons Learnt); Participants’ presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific on climate variability / change evidences. Recommendations on the unit

DRM/C05 Climate and DevelopmentClimate, Economy, Society and Environment((land, biosphere, water and atmosphere resources) ;Sustainable Development concept: UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) , Agenda 21 ,millennium development goals; and RIO + 20, Sustainable development goals; UNCCD; UNCB); Disasters impacts (especially climate extremes) ; Examples from past and present impacts of climate extremes on development in Ethiopia including PDNA; Can we have sustainable development without DRM/DRR and CCA?, Principles of Disaster Management; Disaster Management Cycle; Participants’ presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific on socio-economic post disaster costs. Recommendations on the unit

DRM/C06 Sector specific Climate information needs in support of climate resilient development and adaptation to climate change Introduction to Climate information and early warning needs for climate resilient development and adaptation to climate change; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) vs. community / sector specific based climate services; Climate information and early warning needs for the Agriculture and Food Security Sector (Crops/Livestock/Fisheries); Climate information and early warning needs for the Water Sector; Climate information and early warning needs for the Health sector; Climate information and early warning needs for Industry, energy and transport sector; Climate information and early warning needs for Environment management, land use / land degradation and land management; Climate information and early warning needs for Human settlement / urbanization , hotel and tourism industry; Climate information and early warning needs for the Disaster Management Sector; Disasters needs of Gender and Youth; Indigenous knowledge in Disaster management; Participants’ presentation and discussion of

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area/ sector specific climate information needs. Recommendations on the unit

DRM/C07 Principles of Disaster Management Strategy Concepts of Disaster Management Strategy; Global, regional and National dimensions; Global (Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), and ongoing revision efforts (Sendai 2015); Regional /IGAD - IGAD Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Initiative (IDDRSI); Lessons from Malaysia, Uganda, Philippines and Kenya, Participants’ presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific lessons on disaster management strategy principles. Recommendations on the unit

DRM/C08 Climate Change Adaptation and MitigationClimate Change Detection and Attribution at National/Local levels; Climate Change Adaptation; Coping with current climate extremes; Future climate change scenarios ;Adaptation options; HFA & Post Kyoto; Climate change adaptation; Climate change Mitigation Options; Geo-engineering (Radiation management ; Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage)Participants’ presentation and discussion of area/ sector specific lessons on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation. Recommendations on the unit

DRM/C09 Climate Screening for DevelopmentScreening climate and other disasters risks for development (Assessment and discussion for the target level using Table 1)Brief presentation report by individual Participants (individual expectations achievement by each participant based on outcome mapping interests);Monitoring and Evaluation of the workshop using table 2

DRM/C10 Field visits to areas relevant to the target group for lessons and experiences. Participants to provide individual training report that includes report of the field trips integrated in the overall training

Table 3 Screening climate and other disasters risks for development

Issues that participants are required to have sector/ area specific information for group discussions

Participant’s inputs

1. Does past and current climate pose any threats to the sector/ area

- which are the climate hazards2. What are the current known thematic / area specific impacts /threats of climate extremes - How often do the climate extremes results for disasters in your area/ sector, How could these been avoided if you were in charge and had access to all you required for action3. Do you integrate risks information / data/ knowledge of past and current climate risks / threats in your current strategies

(a). Give example/s of how you are coping with the current climate risks

(b). if no integration has been done , what are your reasons for non use of climate information and what difference could climate information

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use including hot spots mapping, early warning, etc make in reducing your area/sector risks

4. Any evidences of climate change in your area/sector

- Assume climate change will increase frequency and severity of current climate threats and even introduce new threats in environment, society, investments and development if no Climate proofing strategies are developed to cope with climate variability and adapt to climate change

5. What are the potential thematic impacts of future climate change, (extrapolate current climate impacts using your own scenarios) and imagine how the area/ sector may look like in 2030; 2050, 2070, 2100??)- Do you plan to integrate climate change risks in future climate change in your plans - Proposed sector/ are climate change adaptation options6. Climate risk screening system :Give examples of current and expected challenges including data; hazards/ risks mapping, early warning; capacity development; Research, information sharing / Outreach/education / awareness, Approach to UNFCCC negotiations ; Adaptation, National Policy, coordination , legal and institutional framework; HFA2, and other ongoing global sector specific negotiations such in Environment, Humanitarian, Development, etc

7. Current national Disaster management (DRM) and climate change policies- How are DRM and climate change policies integrated- National, regional , and community systems - Brief on strengths and gaps of the current DRM policy8. EXPECTATIONSWhat is your individual expectations (outputs and outcomes) at the end of the training

This theme will be the focus of the first outcome mapping session of the and workshop assessment at the end

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The Training curriculum on climate information and early warning systems for climate resilient development and adaptation to climate change focuses on two key themes, namely, Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change, as well as the need for their integration in support of sustainable development. Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation are multi sectoral and interdisplinary issues that require coordinated actions by all actors and at all levels. Participatory approaches are therefore critical in the training with the trainees expected to play key roles in providing local / sectoral information, lessons and experiences. The knowledge from the training is expected to trickle down to the expected levels to strategies for Disaster Risk Reduction and climate change adaptation for improved resilience of the communities. The curriculum for the training in summarized in the table below, and the level of coverage of the individual themes (courses) will depend on target groups. This will be determined at the first unit of the training that is devoted to Outcome Mapping of participants Expectations. The outcome mapping of the training expectation allows participation and inclusivity of the participants in the strategic planning and implementation of the training programme for effective achievements of the training objectives. The TOTs training report will include presentations from all sessions that will form key reference to any target group training.

Climate Screening for Development Screening climate and other disasters risks for development (Assessment and discussion

of Ethiopian case) Brief presentation report by individual Participants (individual expectations achievement

by each participant based on outcome mapping interests) Monitoring and Evaluation of the workshop

Integration of Disaster Risk management on Climate change adaptation Tour to IGAD CLIMATE PREDICTION AND APPLICATION CENTRE (ICPAC) on 6th of January 2015• The first visit of the trainees was IGAD Remote sensing and GIS unit

o Brief description about Monitoring for Environment and Security in Africa

(MESA) project given by Professor Ogallo. As professor Ogallo has pointed out ICPC is the Regional Implementation Centre and the key stakeholders are Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD), NEMA (Uganda) and EMA (Ethiopia).

o The MESA project focusing on

Land Degradation Assessment Natural Habitat Conservation Forest Monitoring Services The duration of the project is 3 years (2013 – 2016)

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The target groups are regional and national institutions mandated for environment

Climate food security and related responsibility

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Field visit to Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD) on 8th of January 2015

Dr Christopher took the participants to RCMRD on 8th of January 2014

Upon arrival introductory remark made by Mr. Byron A. O Anangwe and Denis Macharia, focuses on:-

i. How to use satellite information for DRM

ii. About member state of RCMRD mainly east, central and south African countries

iii. the nature of capacity development in the system for RCMRD member states.

iv. About funding mechanism

v. About the levels of spatial data supply i.e. very High Resolution, High Resolution, Medium Resolution and Low Resolution.

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III. Recommendations from the ToT training

Among the Recommendations which were propose during the ToT training the major ones are as follows

Know your future Hazards and Vulnerabilities and identify how you will be able to deal with these future scenarios

• Know your risks at all levels (Vulnerability/Exposure)

• Identify your capacities and resources to deal with the threat including mapping of the resources both at the surface and under the surface over Ethiopia should be undertaken to ensure that maximum benefits are derived.

• Understanding on the systems that affects the climate of Ethiopia was a key priority.

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• Need for community led adaptations to address the challenges of CC in the future and; exchange programmes should be encouraged and facilitated to ensure that the good practices are shared among the communities.

• Conduct different research on climate change and Countries should embrace science and technology as a means for development

• Develop alternative energy (e.g. Hydro Power) including other renewable energies

• Countries must manage and use their own resources for development

• There is need to see how population (only if well managed) can be used as a potential in DRR

• There is need to build the capacity of the women, youth and other vulnerable social groups at all levels in DRR

• There is a need to move in tandem with the changing climate as we develop adaptation options (Adaptation should not be static).

• DRR community should work very closely with the National Meteorological Agencies for climate data and information services and need to get access to the information and activities within ICPAC and other institutions

• Gender issues need to be mainstreamed in DRR activities

• Cadastral system should be embraced for sustainable land management

• There is need for up to date information on hydro-meteorological conditions for DRR in the water sector.

• There is need to use Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and integrate this with modern science in order to enhance disaster risk reduction strategies at local level. Moreover documentation of the traditional IK and practices needs to be carried out as a matter of urgency.

• Need for training on GeoCLIM software and other relevant software to help identify climate “hotspots” for DRR activities.

• Need to engage private sector in DRR

• Need for Partnership with mobile service providers in managing Disasters

• Work with local FM radio transmitters in DRR communication system and management

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• Need for standard operating procedures and protocols in DRR Management

• Using latest appropriate technology in DRR mapping and assessment.

The Performance of the ToT training and Issues Raised by the Participants

The training was very interactive and participatory, as can be seen from the above pictures all trained staffs had got a chance to involve and practice every moment of the events. During the training, the participants were active, raised many questions, and made comments and amend additional ideas on the recommendations mainly proposed by the trainers.

At the end of the training, each trained person received the Software of full training document by flash disk. Participants were also given the opportunity to comment about the training program and consequently they said that the training program was educative, resourceful and have gained much understanding weather/climate issues, the current Climate Change issues and different international conventions towards Climate Change and DRR matters. The participants have further promised to exercise and share the knowledge what they got during the ToT training. Finally the trainees received certificate for their ToT raining participation.

IV. CONCLUSION

For effective use of the weather/climate information for Early Warning System and Disaster

Risk Management at large the DRR community should work very closely with the National Meteorological Agencies for climate data and information services, there is need for up to date information on hydro-meteorological conditions for DRR in the water sector, there is need to use indigenous knowledge (IK) and integrate this with modern science in order to enhance disaster risk reduction strategies at local level and need to get access to the information and activities within ICPAC and other international institutions.

Using weather/climate information in day to day work of EWS and in the preparation of short-term, medium term and long-term DRM plan at large is very important for

effective DRM activities.

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