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SDLSSDLS(Satellite Data Link System)(Satellite Data Link System)
SYSTEM PRESENTATIONSYSTEM PRESENTATION
ICAO ACP Working Group C - Toulouse October 2003ACP WGC6/WP19
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PRESENTATION PLAN
PART I - INTRODUCTION & CONTEXT
PART II - SDLS SYSTEM DESIGN PRESENTATION
PART III - PROJECT STATUS AND WAY FORWARD
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PART I - INTRODUCTION & CONTEXT
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An Agreement of Co-operation has been signed and one task is to progress the definition of a Next Generation Satellite System
The European Space Agencyand Eurocontrol are
co-ordinating their effort
SDLS a CANDIDATE to NEXSAT INITIATIVE
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SDLS AND NEXSAT CONTRIBUTIONS
Eurocontrol and ESA associate their effort to develop a New Generation Aeronautical Satellite System
NextSat
SDLS
System
DevelopmentSlice3
Slice2
Slice1
System
Deployment
System
Operation
Eurocontrol contribution
ESA contribution
States, EC, Operators
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SDLS MISSIONS
SDLS Definition
SDLS is as a potential Next Generation Aeronautical Communication System
SDLS Missions
as specified in Eurocontrol Mission Requirement Document, in line
with Nexsat initiative
Complement the VHF communication system in Europe
Support datalink applications deployment in dense
Airspace
World-wide coverage / Regional deployment capabilities
Supports communications needs on remote and oceanic airspace
Interoperable / Open architecture
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SDLS GENERAL CONCEPT
Safety dedicated system (ATS and AOC communication)
Operation in protected radio-spectrum band ( L-band AMS(R)S )
Network security through clearly segregated system
Controlled network with Guaranteed Performances
Low cost infrastructure and operational cost
Light and easy to install terminal
Omnidirectional antenna
Mono-Transmission Channel terminal
Based on up-to-date communication technology
Compatible to proven Bent-pipe Geostationary satellites
Distributed network implementation capability (reduced ground network infrastructure)
Capability for low cost GES implementation (in Ku band)
Optimised network architecture (Spectrum efficiency)
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SDLS SERVICES
Services supported :
ATM services (Services link2000+)
AOC services (including support of ACARS)
Critical Short data services
Voice services (Point to Point, Party Line)
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QUALITY OF SERVICE
DATA SERVICES
VOICE SERVICES
QoS 1 2 3 4 5 6Application Short Data
ServiceCPDLC+
ACLCPDLC
ACL,ACM, DLL,DCL, DSC
CPDLC-
DFIS
AOC/FANSACARS
ADS-CFLIPCY, FLIPINT,DYNAV,COTRAC
ADAP
Transit Delay (s) 5 10 30 30 30 5RER 10-8 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-7 10-7
Priority 1 1 2 3 2 2Direction Air>Ground Bidirectional Bidirectional Bidirectional Bidirectional Air>Ground
Safety Voice Telephony Party-LineVocoding rate (kbps) 4.8 / 2.4 4.8 / 2.4 4.8 / 2.4Communication Establishment Time (s) 2 10 PermanentCommunication configuration Point to point Point to point Point to
multipointResidual Error Rate 10-3 10-3 10-3Priority 1 2 1
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SDLS HIGH LEVEL SPECIFICATIONS
Basic raw data rate 5.6kbps over dense areas (regional spot beams)
Reduced raw data rate 3.2kbps over oceanic and remote airspace (global
beams)
BER : 10-5 for data, 10-3 for voice - Link availability 99.99 %
QoS management
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PART II - SDLS DESIGN PRESENTATION
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SDLS DESIGN PARADIGMS
Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access System (DS-CDMA)
+Geostationary bent-pipe satellites
Advantages of this configuration :
Cancellation of Near-Far limitation of terrestrial CDMA systems Cancellation of frequency guard bands due to AES Doppler Cancellation of time guard with TDMA/CDMA configuration Resistance to interference, multipath and fading (scintillation..)
Other by-products of interest : Supports decentralised access scheme Security at radio transmission level
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WAVEFORM (Results of optimisation studies)
CDMA Access mode
Similar waveform on forward and return links
Synchronous/Quasi Synchronous CDMA scheme alignment spec.1/8 of a chip Reference carriers for synchronisation and power control
Asynchronous transmissions limited to GES and AES network entries
Modulation QPSK with pulse shaping
Spreading : Gold codes with a spread factor of 127 (BW=1MHz)
Single Data/Voice Channel Coding : Turbo code with rate 1/2 Eb/No=2.6dB (256 bits blocks)
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BASIC AES CHARACTERISTICS
Design target : low cost SATCOM terminal (i.e. similar to a VHF radio).
Basic Terminal
Mono-transmit channel terminal with 30W HPA operated at
saturation
Omnidirectional antenna (0dBi at 5°, G/T -25dB/K)
Include all the protocol stacks
Supports Arinc 429 or Arinc 664 Interfaces
Terminal Option
AERO-I/H existing terminals supported (better EIRP-G/T figures)
Up to 22kbps (4 times basic rate) could be provided
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Current LINK BUDGET - MOBILE LINK
Uplink Downlink
EuropeanSpot
GlobalSpot
EuropeanSpot
GlobalSpot
EIRP 15,0 15,0 29,0 29,0 dBWFree Space Loss -189,1 -189,1 -188,2 -188,2 dBSystem Self-Noise1 -2,0 -0,5 -2,0 -0,5 dBG/T 2 -2,0 -10,0 -25,0 -25,0 dB/KBoltzman constant 228,6 228,6 228,6 228,6 dBW/m2/KC/No up 50,5 44,0 42,4 43,9 dB.Hz
Required C/No 38,1 35,6 38,1 35,6 dB.HzData rate 5,6 3,2 5,6 3,2 kbpsImplementation Loss 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 dBRequired Eb/No (Turbocode) 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 dBRaw Margin3 12,4 8,4 4,3 8,3 dB
(1) System Self-Noise : Chip alignment and Power Control error budget with 50 co-users in regional spot and 10 users in globalspot(2) Conservative figures based on existing satellites and AERO-L antennas(3) Margin for Feeder Link contribution, Fading and Scintillation (preliminary figures : Europe -0,5 dB, Tropical regions up to -5 dB)
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Possible Data Rate Improvement on future platforms
Uplink Downlink
MTSATSpot
Inmarsat IVWide Spot
MTSATSpot
Inmarsat IVWide Spot
max 43dBW max 67dBWEIRP 15,0 15,0 37,0 48,0 dBWFree Space Loss -189,1 -189,1 -188,2 -188,2 dBSystem Self-Noise -2,0 -2,0 -2,0 -2,0 dBG/T -2,0 10,0 -25,0 -25,0 dB/KBoltzman constant 228,6 228,6 228,6 228,6 dBW/m2/KC/No up 50,5 62,5 50,4 59,4 dB.Hz
Required C/No 46,6 57,6 46,6 57,6 dB.HzData rate 40 500 40 500 kbpsImplementation Loss 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 dBRequired Eb/No (Turbocode) 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 dBRaw Margin 3,9 4,9 3,8 3,8 dB
(1) System Self-Noise : Chip alignment and Power Control error budget with 50 co-users
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ACCESS - CARRIER DISTRIBUTION
ForwardCDMAcarriers
GES
A Generic Distribution T CHANNEL
T TT T T ... T
AES2
AES3
AES4
AES1
A Generic Distribution A CHANNEL
Ad ArAr Ar Ad ... Ad
AES2
AES3
AES4
AES1
Collision AES1 and AES3
C
Dedicated Return Carriers shared by several AES (Except voice multiplexed carriers)
T T T A AC
T
A
n
1
8
CDMA Codes
2
AES1
AES2
AES3
AES4
Common ASYNC CDMA shared by all AES (Spread-ALOHA). Log-on purpose (L channel)
P and C
AES
AESx
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ACCESS - CARRIER DEFINITION
P
C
critica l data sub-channeld ig ita l vo ice packets
A
T
critica l data access channel (Ad) concurrent access channel (A r)
s lo t a llocation
+Voice
C ritica l D ata & S ig.
sD ata Packets
Ad
Ar
C ritica l D ata Access R eq.
S ig . & Short D ata Packets
sD ata 3
D ata n
C ritica l D ata & S ig.
S ig .
C ritica l D ata
Typical payloads / burstsP, T, C : 150 bytes (Long Block Data Unit)A :Ar : 32 bytes (Short Block Data Unit) Ad : 8 bytes (Super Short Block Data Unit)
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Network Architecture Paradigm
AES GESGroundRouter
EndUser
AirRouter
EndUser
W AN
OptimisedSatellite Gateway
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1
2
3
4
6
5
7
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
E ndU ser
E ndU ser
R outer R outerG E S A E S
4 4 4 4
Gateway vs. Transparent Example
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
1
2
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1
2
3
1
2
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1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
E ndU ser
E ndU ser
R outer R outerG E S A E S
SDLSGateway
Model
TransparentNetworkModel
Satellite LinkOptimised Interface
Network DependentInterface
• Protocol Overhead reduction• Minimal retransmissions• Channel efficiency optimisation• Flow control
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QoS Management
GES AES
Signaling
Management
Satellite
Data 1 : Connectionless Service, QoS 2
Data 7 : Connectionless service, QoS 1
Data 3 : Connection Oriented Service, QoS 5
CPDLC highACL
ADS-CFLIPCY,FLIPINT,COTRAC,DYNAV
Voice 1 : AOC
Voice 3 : Party Line
CPDLC highACL
ADS-CFLIPCY,FLIPINT,COTRAC,DYNAV
Internal Services
Offered Services
Data 2 : Connection Oriented Service, QoS 3CPDLC mediumACL,ACM ,DLL,DCL,
DSC
CPDLC mediumACL,ACM ,DLL,DCL,
DSC
CPDLC low +DFIS Data 4 : Connection Oriented Service, QoS 4
CPDLC low +DFIS
Data 5 : Connection Oriented Service, QoS 6ADAP + ADS-B ADAP + ADS-B
Voice 2 : ATS
Short DataService
Telephony
Safety Voice
Pro
vis
ion
s
Party Line
Short DataService
Telephony
Safety Voice
Party Line
Pro
vis
ion
s
Data 8 : Connectionless Service, QoS 4ACARS ACARS
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Supported Diversity Schemes
SDLS Design can be instantiated with diversity schemes at several levels :
AES :
Two patch antenna to avoid masking
2Rx / 1 Tx terminal
2Rx / 2 Tx terminals
GES :
GES site diversity in Ku band the feeder links to remove rain
attenuation effect (up to 10dB)
Satellite :
Two satellites in hot redundancy
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System Expandability
SDLS is fully scalable.Minimal Configuration
Operation in a single spot with one control and traffic station NMS/GES
Multi GES
Many GES can be instantiated in the system
Transparent introduction allowed by the CDMA structure of the
system
Multi Frequency Slots
Expandability by steps of 500/1000KHz on the same transponder
Multi Spots
On the same satellite, several spots can be used simultaneously
Only one Network Master Station required for all spots
Multi Satellite
All system expansions are transparent to the Avionics
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PERFORMANCE FIGURES (I)
SDLS Traffic and capacity assumptions (from Eurocontrol ref.)
Capacity assessment per aircraft
Return link QoS 1 QoS 2 QoS 3 QoS 4 QoS5 QoS 6
Total transferedbytes
14400 1428 3106 3559 5574 36551
Mean message size(bytes)
30 40 44 67 201 70
Message frequencyaverage (msg/s)
0,20 0,02 0,03 0,02 0,01 0,22
Forward link QoS 2 QoS 3 QoS 4 QoS5
Total transferedbytes
1296 2957 3824 5538
Mean message size(bytes)
36 41 65 180,
Message frequencyaverage (msg/s)
0,02 0,03 0,02 0,01
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PERFORMANCE FIGURES (II)
Initial Simulation Results Hypothesis & Modelling
Queuing Analysis based on Markov models One GES configuration / One spot beam PIAC of 2000 aircrafts
Preliminary Results
ShortPriority 2 (QoS3)
Priority 3 (QoS4 & 5)
Long*
FDW RT
Short
Long*
P
P
P
P
Ar
T
Ar
T
P TPriority 1 (QoS1 & 2) 4,41 <4,5 s
3,30
6,71
7,65
12,29<27 s
<7,2 s
Transit Delay(sec)
*Long packets imply to make a reservation on A channel
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PERFORMANCES (III)
Summary Table: Total number of CDMA channels (PIAC 2000 aircrafts)
Number of CDMA channels
1 GES configuration
15 GES configuration*
Forward P channels 27 30
Return A channel TBD TBD
Return T channel 13 15
Total number TBD TBD
*Uniform PIAC AES distribution among 15 GES
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COST FIGURES (I)
SDLS Service Unit Costs: Results for Data
System costs (Spacesegment lease + GESprices)
Low Assumptions High Assumptions
SDLS use-rate Low Hyp.Scenario
High Hyp.Scenario
Low Hyp.Scenario
High Hyp.Scenario
0.0005 € /kbit 0.0004 € /kbit 0.0013 € /kbit 0.0010 € /kbitScenario 1 (Decentralised)Unit Costs 0.34 €/flight 0.81 €/flight
0.0005 € /kbit 0.0004 € /kbit 0.0010 € /kbit 0.0008 € /kbitScenario 2 (Centralised Ku-band access) Unit Costs 0.29 €/flight 0.63 €/flight
0.0005 € /kbit 0.0003 € /kbit 0.0010 € /kbit 0.0007 € /kbitScenario 3 (Centralised C-band access) Unit Costs 0.29 €/flight 0.61 €/flight
Cost Hypothesis : Space capacity lease from 1 to 2M€/year/MHz/39dBW
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COST FIGURES (II)
SDLS Service Unit Costs: Results for voice
Distributed SDLSArchitecture
Centralised SDLSArchitecture with new GESs
Centralised SDLSArchitecture with Exi. GESs
Low Hyp. High Hyp. Low Hyp. High Hyp. Low Hyp. High Hyp.SystemCosts
7,537.5 k€ 18,150 K€ 6,512.5 k€ 14,050 K€ 6,410 k€ 13,640 K€
Unit Costsper min
0.2810 € 0.6766 € 0.2428 € 0.5238 € 0.2390 € 0.5085 €
Unit Costsper flight
0.50 € 1.21 € 0.44 € 0.94 € 0.43 € 0.91 €
AdditionalParty LineCosts per
flight
0.62 € 0.85 € 0.59 € 0.76 € 0.59 €
Cost Hypothesis : Space capacity lease from 1 to 2M€/year/MHz/39dBW
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PART III - PROJECT STATUS
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EXPERIMENTATION STATUS
Slide 1 : Initial Feasibility study
Slice 2 : SDLS Demonstrator Baseline system qualified in July 2002,
with :
SDLS Network elements : NMS - GES - 2 AES
SDLS Test Bed : set ATS and AOC applications
SDLS Demonstrator Extension under completion :
System Qualified on ESA Artemis Satellite (September 2003)
Second Access Station deployed in Rome (November 2003)
Slice 3 : SDLS Operational system study On-going
SDLS Experimentation Plan for next phase include :
Performance test bench development (transmission and network
simulations)
Real life test based on SDLS Demonstrator (with embarked tests)
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SDLS SLICE 3 - WBS
G re y bo x in d ica te s P h a se 1 W ork P acka g e*
* W P 37,4 and 6 a pp ly to b oth P has es (1& 2 )
D e m o n s tra to re xp e rim e n ta tion
W P 11
F e a s ib ilityS tu dy
W P 1 21
M o n tre a lS ite S u rvey
W P 1 22
D e m o n s tra tionS e t-u p &
E xe cu tionW P 1 23
A d d itio n a ltria ls
W P 12
D e m o n s tra to rtria ls
W P 1
S D L S B e a rerS e rv ice s A n a lys is
W P 2
S ys temA n a lys is
W P 3 01
S ys temC o n ce p ts
C o n so lid a tionW P 3 02
S e rv ice s /S ys temC o n ce p ts
co n so lid a tionW P 30
S p a ce S e gm e nt& F re qu e n cy issu es
W P 31
F a s tA cce ss
W P 32
W a ve fo rmA n a lys is
W P 33
P ro to co la n a lys is
W P 34
In te ro pe ra b ilitys tu dy
W P 35
S p e c ifica tiond ra ft issue
W P 3 71
S p e c ifica tionfin a l issue
W P 3 72
S ys te m Fu n c tio n a lS p e c ifica tion
D e fin it ionW P 37
P re lim in a ry S ys te mD e s ig n A n a lys is
W P 3
IC A OS u pp o rt
W P 4
E co n o m ica la sp e c ts
W P 5
M a n a ge m e nt& Q A
W P 6
S D L S p re lim in a ry d e fin it ion
Experimentation
ServiceAnalysis
DetailedStudies
EconomicAnalysis
SystemConsolidation
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SDLS SLICE 3 : STUDY PHILOSOPHY
Future SATCOM Solution
SDLS feasibility analysis
and technical solutions
User needs Analysis,Service
Requirements
Making top-down and bottom-up approaches converge
AccessProtocolsWaveform
Solutions&
Trade-Offs
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SDLS SLICE 3 STUDY OVERVIEW
Core SystemMissionServices
Architecture
Access
(WP32)
Waveform
(WP33)
Protocols(WP34)
Interoperability
(WP35)
Perfos
Diversity
Integrated Team
QoS
Capacity
Detailed Studies
(W P30)
Indra (SP)
SchlumbergerSema (SP)
Airtel (Ir)
Skysoft (P)Vitrociset (I)
Thales ATM (F)
Alcatel Bell (B)
AlcatelSpace
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Slice 3 : Operational System Study Status
Core studies have been conductedServices and QoS figures definedBaseline system architecture defined
Studies currently on-going with short term results expectedTransmission :
Alternative spreading/scrambling schemes performance evaluation Envelope variation minimisation through complex scrambling Code reuse between spot using scrambling TCM-8PSK evaluation (bandwidth reduction) Reduced spreading option analysis in 500kHz bandwidth
Network Architecture : Access performance refinement Gateway stack definition and performance refinement
System consolidation activity on-goingOutputs :
System Design Concepts Justification File System Functional Specification
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OPEN ISSUES & WAY FORWARD
Consolidation of Mission Requirements with Eurocontrol
Performances VerificationSimulation models to be developed to confirm preliminary results
network/protocol efficiency, capacity, QoS compliance system availability refinement (scintillation effects…)
Safety assessmentSafety analysis to be performed
Security requirementsFunctions linked to security management could be included in the
design if required (authentication / crypto / ..)
ExperimentationLeverage existing system demonstrator to validate system key
features (access diversity, gateway prototyping, environmental tests including in-flight demonstrations)
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SDLS 2004 - 2005
2004 2005
System Prototype
SDLS Demonstrator
Pre-OperationalSystem
SARPS/MOPS
D
Pre-Operation
SDLS Phase B Completion
SDLS Phase C
Flight Test
Experimentation
SDLS Slice 3
2003
CDR
PDR
NexSat Initiative
Contribution to ICAO
MRD V1
UsersSteering Group
STA
ND
AR
DIS
ATIO
N DEV
ELO
PP
EM
EN
TEX
PER
IMEN
TA
TIO
N
MRD V2
SystemSpecificatio
n